埃及第十一王朝 晚期棺蓋上的「對角星座」;發現於埃及艾斯尤特 。希爾德斯海姆羅默與佩利紮烏斯博物館 旬星 (英語:Decan , ;埃及語「bƫktw」或「baktiu」,「與工作有關的」)是古埃及天文學 中使用的36組恆星(小星座 ),用於方便地將360度黃道劃分為36個部分,每個部分10度,既用於神通術 也用於偕日升 計時學 目的。在地球每天的自轉過程中,每個旬星 都以地心說的管道在地平線上連續升起。每個旬星 的上升標誌著古埃及 人夜晚新的小時 (希臘語「hōra」)的開始,至少從第九或第十王朝(西元前2100年左右)開始,它們就被用作恆星鐘 。
因為每十天也會出現一個新的旬星 (也就是說,每十天,在太陽升起前的黎明時分,在一段時間被太陽的光線遮擋後,一組新的旬星 恆星群會在東方天空中重新出現),古希臘人稱之為「decanoi」(δεκανοί; pl. of δεκανός「dekanos」)或「十分之一」。
根據星座的擬人化模式,旬星 讓位於27或28個月球站 。
旬星的名字 西方的黃道帶 旬星 由於歲差導致旬星在古代的原始位置 古埃及 (巴奇 ) 希臘-埃及[ 6] 《所羅門之約》[ 6] 阿里斯托布魯斯的名稱[ 9] 希臘 赫密士主義[ 6] [ 11] 拉丁赫密士主義[ 6] [ 11] 費爾米庫斯[ 6] 科斯馬斯[ 6] 斯卡利傑[ 6] 基爾學[ 6] 白羊宮 1 28 Khent-kheru ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉ Χont-har Rhyax or Ruax Bendonc Chenlachori Aulathamas Senator or Asiccan Aidoneus Asiccan Arueris (ⲁⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣⲓⲥ) 2 29 Qeṭ ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲭⲣⲉ Xont-χre Barsafael Mensour Chontaret Sabaoth Senacher or Asenter Persephone Senacher Anubis (ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ) 3 30 Sasaqeṭ ⲥⲓⲕⲉⲧ Si-ket Artosael or Arôtosael Carexon Siket Disornafais Sentacher or Asentacer Eros Acentacer Horus (ⲱⲣⲟⲥ) 金牛宮 4 31 Ārt ⲭⲱⲟⲩ Xau Horopel Gisan Soou Jaus Suo or Asicat Charis Asicath Serapis (ⲥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲓⲥ) 5 32 Khau ⲉⲣⲱ, ⲁⲣⲟⲩ Arat Kairoxanondalon or Iudal Tourtour Aron Sarnotois Aryo or Ason die Horen Viroaso Helitomenos (ⲉⲗⲓⲧⲟⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ) 6 33 Remen-ḥeru-an-Saḥ ⲣⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉ Remen-hare Sphendonael Ballat Rhomenos Erchmubris Romanae or Arfa Litai Aharph Apopis (ⲁⲡⲱⲡⲓⲥ) 雙子宮 7 34 Mestcher-Saḥ ⲑⲟⲥⲟⲗⲕ Θosalk Sphandor Farsan Xocha Manuchos Thesogar or Tensogar Thetys Thesogar Tautus (ⲧⲟⲟⲩⲑ) 8 35 Remen-kher-Saḥ ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉ Uaret Belbel Vaspan Ouari Samurois Ver or Asuae Kybele Verasua Cyclops (ⲕⲟⲩⲕⲗⲟⲯ) 9 36 A-Saḥ Phu-hor Kourtael or Kurtaêl Parquia Pepisoth Azuel Tepis or Atosoae Praxidike Tepisatosoa Titan (ⲧⲓⲧⲁⲛ) 37 Saḥ 巨蟹宮 10 1 (= 0' Cancer) Sepṭet ⲥⲱⲑⲓⲥ Sopdet Metathiax Panem Sotheir Seneptois Sothis or Socius Nike Sothis Apollun (ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲟⲩⲛ) 11 2 Ṭepā-Kenmut ⲥⲓⲧ Seta Katanikotael Catarno Ouphisit Somachalmais Sith Herakles Syth Hecate (ⲉⲕⲁⲧⲏ) 12 3 Kenmut ⲭⲛⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ Knum Saphthorael or Saphathoraél Hellors Chnouphos Charmine Thiumis or Thumus Hekate Thuimis Mercophta (ⲙⲉⲣⲕⲟⲫϯ) 獅子宮 13 4 Kher-khept-Kenmut ⲭⲁⲣⲭⲛⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ Χar-Knum Phobothel or Bobêl Jarea Chnoumos Zaloias Craumonis or Afruicois Hephaistos Aphruimis Typhon (ⲧⲟⲩⲫⲱⲉⲟⲩⲥ) 14 5 Ḥā-tchat ⲏⲧⲏⲧ Ha-tet Leroel or Kumeatêl Effraa Ipi Zachor Sic Isis Sithacer Peroeus (ⲡⲉⲣⲟⲉⲟⲩⲥ) 15 6 Peḥui-tchat ⲫⲟⲩⲧⲏⲧ Phu-Tet Soubetti Hayas Phatiti Frich Futile or Eisie Sarapis Phuonisie Nephthe (ⲛⲉⲫⲑⲏ) 室女宮 16 7 Themat-ḥert ⲧⲱⲙ Tom Katrax or Atrax Angaf Athoum Zamendres Thumis or Thinnis Themis Thumi Isis (ⲓⲥⲓⲥ) 17 8 Themat-khert ⲟⲩⲉⲥⲧⲉ—ⲃⲓⲕⲱⲧⲓ Uste-bikot Jeropa or Ieropaêl Bethapen Brysous Magois Tophicus or Tropicus Moirai Thopitus Piosiris (ⲡⲓⲟⲥⲓⲣⲓⲥ) 18 9 Usthȧ ⲁⲫⲟⲥⲟ Aposot Modobel or Buldumêch Baroche Amphatham Michulais Afut or Asuth Hestia Aphut Cronus (ⲕⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ) 天秤宮 19 10 Bekathȧ ⲥⲟⲩⲭⲱⲥ Sob‿χos Madero or Naôth Zercuris Sphoukou Psineus Seuichut or Senichut Erinys Serucuth Zeuda (ⲍⲉⲟⲩⲇⲁ) 20 11 Ṭepā-khentet ⲧⲡⲏⲭⲟⲛⲧⲓ Tpa-χont Nathotho or Marderô Baham Nephthimes Chusthisis Sepisent or Atebenus Kairos Aterechinis Omphta (ⲟⲙⲫϯ) 21 12 Khentet-ḥert ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉ Xont-har Alath Pieret Phou Psamiatois Senta or Atepiten Loimos Arpien Ophionius (ⲟⲫⲓⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ) 天蠍宮 22 13 Khentet-khert ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲭⲣⲉ Spt-χne Audameoth Haziza Name Necbeuos Sentacer or Asente Nymph s Sentacer Arimanius (ⲁⲣⲓⲙⲁⲛⲓⲟⲥ) 23 14 Themes-en-khentet . . . . . . Sesme Nefthada Nacy Oustichos Turmantis Tepsisen or Asentatir Leto Tepiseuth Merota (ⲙⲉⲣⲱϯ) 24 15 Sapt-khennu ⲥⲡⲧⲭⲛⲉ Si-sesme Akton Alleinac Aphebis Psermes Sentineu or Aterceni(-cem) Kairos (repeated) Senicer Panotragus (ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲧⲣⲁⲅⲟⲥ) 人馬宮 25 16 Ḥer-ab-uȧa ʿⲣⲏⲟⲩⲱ Hre-ua Anatreth Ortusa Sebos Clinothois Eregbuo or Ergbuo Loimos (repeated) Eregbuo Tolmophta (ⲧⲟⲗⲙⲟⲫϯ) 26 17 Shesmu ⲥⲉⲥⲙⲉ, ⲥⲓⲥⲉⲥⲙⲉ Sesme Enautha or Enenuth Daha Teuchmos Thursois Sagon Kore Sagen Tomras (ⲧⲟⲙⲣⲁⲥ) 27 18 Kenmu ⲕⲟⲛⲓⲙⲉ Konime Axesbyth or Phêth Satan Chthisar Renethis Chenene or Chenem Ananke Chenen Teraph (ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲫ) 摩羯宮 28 19 Semṭet ⲥⲙⲁⲧ Smat Hapax or Harpax Eracto Tair Renpsois Themeso Asklepios Themeso Soda (ⲥⲱⲇⲁ) 29 20 Ṭepā-semṭ . . . . . . . . Srat Anoster Salac Epitek Manethois Epiemu or Epimen Hygieia Epima Riruphta (ⲣⲓⲣⲟⲩⲫϯ) 30 21 Sert ⲥⲣⲱ Si-srat Physikoreth or Alleborith Seros Epichnaus Marcois Omot Tolma Homoth Monuphta (ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲩⲫϯ) 寶瓶宮 31 22 Sasa-sert ⲥⲓⲥⲣⲱ Tpa-χu Aleureth or Hephesimireth Tonghel Isi Ularis Oro or Asoer Dike Oroasoer Brondeus (ⲃⲣⲟⲛⲇⲉⲟⲩⲥ) 32 23 Kher-khept-sert . . . . . . . . Xu Ichthion Anafa Sosomo Luxois Cratero or Astiro Phobos Astiro Vucula (ⲃⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲗⲁ) 33 24 Khukhu ⲧⲡⲏⲭⲩ Tpa-Biu Achoneoth or Agchoniôn Simos Chonoumous Crauxes Tepis or Amasiero Osiris Tepisatras Proteus (ⲡⲣⲟⲧⲉⲟⲩⲥ) 雙魚宮 34 25 Baba ⲭⲩ Biu Autoth or Autothith Achaf Tetimo Fambais Acha or Atapiac Okeanos Archatapias Rephan (ⲣⲉⲫⲁⲛ) 35 26 Khent-ḥeru ⲧⲡⲏⲃⲓⲟⲩ Xont-Har Phtheneoth or Phthenoth Larvata Sopphi Flugmois Tepibui or Tepabiu Dolus Thopibui Sourut (ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲧ) 36 27 Ḥer-ȧb-khentu ⲃⲓⲟⲩ, ⲧⲡⲓⲃⲓⲟⲩ Tpi-biu Bianakith Ajaras Syro Piatris Uiu or Aatexbui Elpis Atembui Phallophorus (ⲫⲁⲗⲗⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ)
在印度,將黃道帶劃分為36個十度部分被稱為drekkana (drekkāṇa)、dreshkana(drekkana)或drikana(dṛkā̇a)[ 15] 。
德雷卡納斯(英語:drekkanas )的肖像和使用最早由舒吉迪瓦亞 在亞瓦納賈塔卡 中提及(269–270 CE),伐羅訶密希羅 在他的布里哈特 · 薩希塔 中給予了詳細的論述and(550 CE)。現代學者認為,旬星 是通過希臘人傳入印度的,希臘人是從埃及人那裡瞭解到它們的。
Budge, E. A. Wallis . The gods of the Egyptians; or, Studies in Egyptian mythology . Chicago: Open Court Publishing Co. 1904. Conybeare, Frederick Cornwallis (tr.) . The Testament of Solomon. The Jewish Quarterly Review. October 1898, XI (1): 1–45. JSTOR 1450398 . doi:10.2307/1450398 . Gundel, Wilhelm. Dekane und Dekansterbilder. Glückstadt and Hamburg: J. J. Augustin. 1936. Hermes Trismegistus . Hand, Robert , 编. Hermes: Liber Hermetis Part I and Part II . 由Robert Zoller翻译 1st. Berkeley Springs, WV: Golden Hind Press. 1993 [2024-08-09 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-07-07). Julius Firmicus Maternus . Kroll, W.; Skutsch, F. , 编. Matheseos libri VIII. Stuttgart: Teubner. 1968 [336]. 2 vols. Keyser, Paul; Scarborough, John. The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World. Oxford University Press. 2018. ISBN 978-0190878832 . Kircher, Athanasius . Oedipus Aegyptiacus . Italy: Vitale Mascardi. 1652. Michio, Yano. Bukkyō tenbugaku-senseijutsu no zuzō gakuteki junmen: sanjū rokkin to Dekan. Dōshisha daigaku rikō kenkyū hōkoku. 2008, 48 (4): 1–6. Neugebauer, Otto . The Exact Sciences in Antiquity 2nd. Dover Publications . 1969 [1957]. ISBN 978-0-486-22332-2 . Neugebauer, Otto. The Egyptian 'Decans' . Astronomy and History: Selected Essays. New York: Springer. 1983: 205–209 [1955]. ISBN 978-0-387-90844-1 . doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5559-8 . Pingree, David . The Indian Iconography of the decans and Horas. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 1963, 26 (3/4): 223–254. JSTOR 750493 . S2CID 194974629 . doi:10.2307/750493 . Priskin, Gyula. The Astral Myth of Osiris: the Decans of Taurus and Libra (PDF) . ENiM. 2016, (9): 79–111 [2021-07-08 ] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2021-07-09). Ptolemy . Tetrabiblos. Book I Part 18. 由Frank Egleston Robbins翻译. Cambridge, MA: Loeb. 1940. Ruelle, C. E. Hermès Trismégiste: Le Livré Sacre sur les Décans: Texte, variantes et traduction française. Revue de Philologie. October 1908, 32 (4): 247–277. Symons, S. L. A Star's Year: The Annual Cycle in the Ancient Egyptian Sky . Steele, J. M. (编). Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient World. Oxford: Oxbow Books. 2007: 1–33. ISBN 978-1842173022 . (原始内容 存档于2013-06-15). Symons, S. L.; et al. Diagonal Star Tables . Ancient Egyptian Astronomy (Online database). 2013 [2024-08-09 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02). van der Waerden, B. L. Babylonian Astronomy. II. The Thirty-Six Stars . Journal of Near Eastern Studies. January 1949, 8 (1): 6–26. JSTOR 542436 . S2CID 222443741 . doi:10.1086/370901 . The property of the Chaldean Decans that one of them rose every ten days made them fit to be assimilated to the Egyptian decans. This assimilation was performed in the decan lists of Hellenistic astrology. von Bomhard, Anna-Sophie. The Egyptian Calendar: A Work for Eternity. London: Periplus. 1999. Christian, Paul. The Thirty-Six Decans . The History and Practice of Magic. Citadel. 1969: 476–478 [1870]. Symons, Sarah. Egyptian 'Star Clocks' . Ruggles, Clive L.N. (编). Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy. New York: Springer. 2014: 1495–1500. ISBN 978-1-4614-6140-1 .