衣鱼目 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
衣鱼目![]() 化石时期:[1] | |
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斑衣鱼(Thermobia domestica) | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
(未分级): | 双髁类 Dicondylia |
目: | 衣鱼目 Zygentoma |
科 | |
见正文 |
衣鱼目(學名:Zygentoma)是昆蟲綱下的一個目,包含了5科約550個物種,分布於全世界,是現存最原始的昆蟲類群之一。本目和石蛃目在20世紀末被視爲纓尾目(Thysanura)下的亞目,於纓尾目被取消後分別獨立成目。
衣鱼体细扁且外覆銀灰色鱗片,触角多节,复眼发达或退化,無翅;腹部11节,腹下有腹刺若干对,有3个尾鬃(一对长尾鬚,尾鬚之间生有一丝状中尾丝)。幼体形似成体,唯身形较小。2-3年后性成熟。一生蜕皮多达35次,每年蜕皮3-5次。有些種類寿命可长达7年。
在室內生活的衣魚物種以富含淀粉的有機物为食,一般栖息于古旧房屋和书籍、衣物中,常严重危害书籍和纸张等物。野生的種類以任何有机碎屑为食,通常棲息在黑暗、潮濕的環境中,如洞穴中或岩石下方等,其中有些物種與蟻群間有著共生關係,例如Trichatelura manni[2]和Allotrichotriura saevissima[3]等。
下级分类
[编辑]本科包括以下属:[4]
- Ateluridae
- Allatelura Silvestri, 1947
- Allomorphura Silvestri, 1921
- Allomorphuroides Mendes, 1989
- Allonychella Silvestri, 1918
- Anarithmeus Paclt, 1963
- Arabiatelura Mendes, 1995
- Archeatelura Mendes, 1997
- Assmuthia Escherich, 1906
- Atelurina Wygodzinsky, 1943
- Atelurodes Silvestri, 1921
- Ateluropsis Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Atopatelura Silvestri, 1908
- Attatelura Wygodzinsky, 1942
- Bharatatelura Mendes, 1993
- Cephalocryptina Mendes, 1986
- Comphotriura Paclt, 1963
- Congoatelura Mendes, 1996
- Cryptocephalina Silvestri, 1908
- Cryptostylea Mendes, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart, 1992
- Crypturella Silvestri, 1911
- Crypturelloides Smith & Veera Singham, 2011
- Dinatelura Silvestri, 1908
- Dionychella Silvestri, 1918
- Ecnomatelura Wygodzinsky, 1961
- Eluratinda Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Gastrotheellus Silvestri, 1942
- Goiasatelura Wygodzinksy, 1942
- Gynatelura Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Heterolepidella Silvestri, 1908
- Heteronychella Mendes, 2001
- Lasiotheus Paclt, 1963
- Lepidotriura Paclt, 1963
- Linadureta Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Luratea Mendes, 1988
- Machadatelura Mendes, 1998
- Malayatelura Mendes, von Beeren & Witte, 2011
- Mesonychographis Silvestri, 1908
- Metriotelura Silvestri, 1916
- Natiruleda Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Nipponatelura Uchida, 1968
- Nipponatelurina Mendes & Machida, 1994
- Olarthrocera Silvestri, 1908
- Olarthroceroides Mendes, 2002
- Pauronychella Silvestri, 1918
- Petalonychia Silvestri, 1908
- Platystylea Escherich, 1906
- Protonychella Mendes, 2001
- Pseudatelura Silvestri, 1908
- Pseudatelurodes Mendes, 1993
- Rasthegotus Mendes, 2001
- Rulenatida Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Santhomesiella Mendes, 1988
- Trichotriura Silvestri, 1917
- Trichotriurella Mendes, 2002
- Trichotriuroides Mendes, Bach de Roca, Gaju-Ricart & Molero-Baltanás, 1994
- Wygodzincinus Paclt, 1963
- Carbotripluridae
- Carbotriplura Kluge, 1996
- Carbotriplura kukalovae Kluge, 1996
- Carbotriplura Kluge, 1996
- 无毛衣鱼科 Lepidotrichidae ,鳞衣鱼科
- 衣鱼科 Lepismatidae
- 光衣鱼科 Maindroniidae
- 土衣鱼科 Nicoletiidae Escherich, 1905
- 原衣鱼科 Protrinemuridae
- Tricholepidiidae
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed.. Oxford University Press. 1998: 320. ISBN 0-19-510033-6.
- ^ Torgerson, Richard L.; Akre, Roger D. Reproductive morphology and behavior of a thysanuran, Trichatelura manni, associated with army ants. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 1969, 62 (6): 1367–1374. doi:10.1093/aesa/62.6.1367.
- ^ Mendes, Luis F.; Fox, Eduardo G. P.; Solis, Daniel R.; Bueno, Odair C. New Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma: Insecta) from Brazil living in fire-ant (Hymenoptera: Insecta) nests (PDF). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 2009, 49 (34): 467–475 [2022-04-04]. ISSN 1807-0205. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009003400001
. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-18).
- ^ Zygentoma. GBIF. [2024-06-15].
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