钙黏素 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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钙黏素[1](cadherins,calcium-dependent adhesion))又称钙黏着蛋白[2][註 1]、钙黏合素,是一类I型跨膜糖蛋白,由日本科學家竹市雅俊發現並命名。它们在细胞连接中扮演重要角色,保证了细胞在组织中彼此结合。发挥它们的功能需要钙离子(Ca2+),因此得名。
钙黏素超家族包括:钙黏蛋白,原钙黏蛋白(protocadherin),桥粒黏蛋白(desmogleins),桥粒胶蛋白(desmocollins)等。[3][4]它们在结构方面,共享了“钙黏素重复”的胞外钙离子-结合结构域。钙黏素分为若干类型,每一类用一个前缀表示(一般地,表示了其与哪一类组织相关)。已在细胞培养和发育过程中观察到,包含某一特定钙黏素亚型的细胞趋向于簇集在一起而排斥包含其他类别的细胞。[來源請求]例如,包含N-钙黏素的细胞趋向于同其他表达N-钙黏素的细胞聚集在一起。然而,也要注意到细胞培养实验中,混合速度可以影响其同型(homotypic)特异性的程度。[5]此外,其他若干小组在不同的实验中观察到异型结合亲和性(即,不同类型的钙黏素结合在一起)。[6][7]目前一种模型主张细胞基于动力学特异性而非热力学特异性来区分钙黏素亚型,理由是不同的钙黏素同型键具有不同的寿命。[8]
类型
[编辑]钙黏素家族的不同成员在不同的位置出现。E-钙黏素位于上皮组织;N-钙黏素在神经元中;P-钙黏素在胎盘中。T-钙黏素没有胞浆结构域且必须系链到质膜上。[來源請求]
(上皮)E-钙黏素是研究最为透彻的钙黏素家族成员。它由胞外结构域5个钙黏素重复(EC1~EC5),一个跨膜结构域及一个结合p120连环素-和ß-连环素的胞内结构域组成。胞内结构域包括一个高度磷酸化的区域,该区域对其与ß-连环素的结合,继而对于E-钙黏素的功能至关重要。[來源請求] 上皮细胞中,含E-钙黏素的细胞间连接经常毗邻含肌动蛋白的细胞骨架的微丝。
E-钙黏素首先表达在哺乳动物发育的2细胞期,在8细胞期被磷酸化,而导致紧密化(compaction)。[來源請求]成年组织中,E-钙黏素在上皮组织中表达,以5小时的半衰期在细胞表面持续更新。[來源請求]
癌症的发展和转移牵涉了E-钙黏素功能或表达的缺失。[來源請求] E-钙黏素下调降低了一个组织内细胞黏附的强度,导致细胞活动性(motility)增加。[來源請求]这可以转而允许癌细胞穿过基底膜入侵周围组织。
E-钙黏素也被病理学家用于诊断不同类型的乳腺癌。与浸润性导管癌相比,免疫组化研究中大部分浸润性小叶癌的E-钙黏素表达明显减少或消失。[9]
备注
[编辑]- ^ 由于“黏蛋白”(mucin)与“黏着蛋白”、“黏附蛋白”(adhesin)意义不同,术语在线未采用“钙-黏蛋白”此翻译。
參見
[编辑]參考資料
[编辑]- ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-14).
- ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-14).
- ^ Hulpiau P, van Roy F. Molecular evolution of the cadherin superfamily. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. February 2009, 41 (2): 349–69. PMID 18848899. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.09.027.
- ^ Angst B, Marcozzi C, Magee A. The cadherin superfamily: diversity in form and function. J Cell Sci. February 2001, 114 (Pt 4): 629–41. PMID 11171368.
- ^ Duguay, D.; A. Foty R., RA; S. Steinberg M., MS. Cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and tissue segregation: qualitative and quantitative determinants. Dev. Biol. 2003, 253 (2): 309–323. PMID 12645933. doi:10.1016/S0012-1606(02)00016-7.
- ^ Niessen, Carien M.; Gumbiner, Barry M. Cadherin-mediated cell sorting not determined by binding or adhesion specificity. The Journal of Cell Biology. 2002, 156 (2): 389. PMC 2199232
. PMID 11790800. doi:10.1083/jcb.200108040.
- ^ Volk, T.; Cohen, O.; Geiger, B. Formation of heterotypic adherens-type junctions between L-CAM containing liver cells and A-CAM containing lens cells. Cell. 1987, 50 (6): 987–994. PMID 3621349. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90525-3.
- ^ Bayas, Marco V.; Leung, Andrew; Evans, Evan; Leckband, Deborah. Lifetime Measurements Reveal Kinetic Differences between Homophilic Cadherin Bonds. Biophysical Journal. 2005, 90 (4): 1385. PMC 1367289
. PMID 16326909. doi:10.1529/biophysj.105.069583.
- ^ Rosen, P. Rosen's Breast Pathology, 3rd ed, 2009, p. 704. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
延伸閱讀
[编辑]- Beavon IR. The E-cadherin-catenin complex in tumour metastasis: structure, function and regulation. Eur. J. Cancer. 2000, 36 (13 Spec No): 1607–20. PMID 10959047. doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00158-1.
- Berx G, Becker KF, Höfler H, van Roy F. Mutations of the human E-cadherin (CDH1) gene. Hum. Mutat. 1998, 12 (4): 226–37. PMID 9744472. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)12:4<226::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-D.
- Bryant DM, Stow JL. The ins and outs of E-cadherin trafficking. Trends Cell Biol. 2005, 14 (8): 427–34. PMID 15308209. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2004.07.007.
- Chun YS, Lindor NM, Smyrk TC, et al. Germline E-cadherin gene mutations: is prophylactic total gastrectomy indicated?. Cancer. 2001, 92 (1): 181–7. PMID 11443625. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20010701)92:1<181::AID-CNCR1307>3.0.CO;2-J.
- Georgolios A, Batistatou A, Manolopoulos L, Charalabopoulos K. Role and expression patterns of E-cadherin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 2006, 25 (1): 5–14. PMID 16761612.
- Hazan RB, Qiao R, Keren R, et al. Cadherin switch in tumor progression. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2004, 1014 (1): 155–63. PMID 15153430. doi:10.1196/annals.1294.016.
- Moran CJ, Joyce M, McAnena OJ. CDH1 associated gastric cancer: a report of a family and review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2005, 31 (3): 259–64. PMID 15780560. doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2004.12.010.
- Reynolds AB, Carnahan RH. Regulation of cadherin stability and turnover by p120ctn: implications in disease and cancer. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 2005, 15 (6): 657–63. PMID 15561585. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2004.09.003.
- Wang HD, Ren J, Zhang L. CDH1 germline mutation in hereditary gastric carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 2004, 10 (21): 3088–93. PMID 15457549.
- Wijnhoven BP, Dinjens WN, Pignatelli M. E-cadherin-catenin cell-cell adhesion complex and human cancer. The British journal of surgery. 2000, 87 (8): 992–1005. PMID 10931041. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01513.x.
- Wilson PD. Polycystin: new aspects of structure, function, and regulation. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2001, 12 (4): 834–45. PMID 11274246.
- Renaud-Young M, Gallin WJ. In the first extracellular domain of E-cadherin, heterophilic interactions, but not the conserved His-Ala-Val motif, are required for adhesion. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002, 277 (42): 39609–39616. PMID 12154084. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201256200.
外部連結
[编辑]- Cadherin domain (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in PROSITE
- The cadherin family
- Alberts, Bruce. Molecular Biology of the Cell (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- The Cadherin Resource (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- IPR002126
- [1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- “Cadherin adhesome at a glance”. J Cell Sci 126, 373-378 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
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