马兜铃属 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
馬兜鈴屬![]() | |
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公鸡花 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 木兰类植物 Magnoliids |
目: | 胡椒目 Piperales |
科: | 马兜铃科 Aristolochiaceae |
亚科: | 馬兜鈴亞科 Aristolochioideae |
族: | 馬兜鈴族 Aristolochieae |
属: | 馬兜鈴屬 Aristolochia L., 1753[1] |
亚属 | |
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異名 | |
Hocquartia Dum. |
马兜铃属(学名:Aristolochia)是马兜铃科下的一种草质或木质藤本稀亚灌木或小乔木,常具有块状根,[2]一花左右对称,腋生、单生或成束或排成短的总状花序;花被管状、弯曲,上部成一舌片或3浅裂;一般有6个雄蕊环绕花柱排列,且与花柱结合;子房下位有6个室;果实是蒴果。[3]马兜铃属约有600种[4]。
属名Aristolochia源于希腊语anstos(最好的)和locheia(分娩)的合成词,表征此类群为药用植物。
分佈及特性
[编辑]主要分布于热带和亚热带地区,少数分布于温带地区[5]。其中囊花马兜铃等物种存在灭绝危险。马兜铃属植物中含有因物种、植物部位、植物生长的地理位置而含量不同的马兜铃酸、马兜铃内酰胺(aristololactams)、马兜铃喹啉(aristoquinolines)、马兜铃精(aristogins)以及数量不等的倍半萜类等化学物质。[6]
分类
[编辑]对广义马兜铃属(Aristolochia sensu lato)的分类存在争议[4]。
3亚属系统:
2亚族4属系统:
- 马兜铃亚族(Aristolochiinae)
- 狭义马兜铃属(Aristolochia sensu stricto)
- 闭果兜铃属(Pararistolochia)
- 关木通亚族(Isotrematinae)
此外,2019年又将对药马兜铃亚属从广义马兜铃属中恢复成关木通属(包括传统分类中的关木通属和蛇木通属)[7]。
本属包括以下物种:[8]
- Aristolochia acontophylla Pfeifer
- Aristolochia acuminata Lam.
- Aristolochia acuminata Sam.
- Aristolochia acutifolia Duch.
- Aristolochia adalica Tosunoglu & Malyer
- Aristolochia adiastola G.A.Romero & Elad.Fernández[9]
- Aristolochia albertiana Ahumada
- Aristolochia albida Duch.
- Aristolochia albopilosa M.González, S.González & Barrie
- Aristolochia alexandriana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia altanii Ilçim & Behçet
- Aristolochia amara (Aubl.) Poncy
- Aristolochia andina F.González & I.G.Vargas
- 棱茎马兜铃 Aristolochia anguicida Jacq.
- Aristolochia angustifolia Bojer, 1837
- Aristolochia angustifolia Cham.
- Aristolochia apoloensis Rusby
- 拟囊花马兜铃 Aristolochia apseudoutriformis
- Aristolochia arborescens L.
- Aristolochia arcuata Mast.
- Aristolochia arenicola Hance
- Aristolochia argentina Griseb.
- Aristolochia argyroneura Hoehne, 1942
- Aristolochia argyroneura hort. ex Gentil
- Aristolochia asperifolia Ule ex Pilg.
- Aristolochia assamica D.Borah & T.V.Do
- Aristolochia assisii J.Freitas, Lírio & F.González
- Aristolochia atropurpurea Parish ex Hook.fil.
- Aristolochia auricularia Boiss.
- Aristolochia australopithecurus (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- 华南马兜铃 Aristolochia austrochinensis C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma
- Aristolochia baetica L.
- Aristolochia bahiensis F.González
- Aristolochia baracoensis R.Rankin
- Aristolochia barbigera Jacq.
- Aristolochia barbourii Barringer
- Aristolochia baseri Malyer & S.Erken
- Aristolochia batucensis Wiggins & Rollins
- Aristolochia bhamoensis T.V.Do & Jian W.Li
- Aristolochia biakensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia bianorii Sennen & Pau
- Aristolochia bicolor Ule
- Aristolochia bicolor Ule ex Pilg.
- Aristolochia bilabiata L.
- Aristolochia billardieri Jaub. & Sp.
- Aristolochia bilobata L.[9]
- Aristolochia binhthuanensis T.V.Do
- Aristolochia birostris Duch.
- Aristolochia bodamae Dingler
- Aristolochia boliviensis Kuntze
- Aristolochia bonettiana Elad.Fernández & G.A.Romero[9]
- Aristolochia boosii Panter
- Aristolochia bottae Jaub. & Sp.
- Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.
- Aristolochia bracteosa Duch.
- Aristolochia braniciana Andrz. ex Trautv.
- Aristolochia brevifolia (Cham.) Hauman
- Aristolochia brevilabris Bornm.
- Aristolochia brevipes Benth.
- Aristolochia bridgesii (Klotzsch) Duch.
- Aristolochia brunneomaculata I.S.Abreu & Giul.
- Aristolochia buchtienii O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia bukuti Poncy
- Aristolochia buntingii Pfeifer
- Aristolochia burchellii Mast.
- Aristolochia burelae Herzog
- Aristolochia burkartii Ahumada
- Aristolochia burro Lindm.
- Aristolochia cabrerae Ahumada
- Aristolochia cambodiana Pierre ex Lecomte
- Aristolochia campestris Rojas Acosta
- Aristolochia cardiantha Pfeifer
- Aristolochia carterae Pfeifer
- Aristolochia castellana (E.Nardi) A.Costa
- Aristolochia castellanosii Ahumada
- Aristolochia caudata Jacq.
- Aristolochia cauliflora Ule
- Aristolochia ceresensis Kuntze
- Aristolochia ceropegioides S.Moore
- Aristolochia chachapayensis Ahumada, 1979
- Aristolochia chachapoyensis Ahumada
- Aristolochia chalmersii O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia chamissonis (Klotzsch) Duch.
- 长叶马兜铃 Aristolochia championiae Merr. & Chun
- Aristolochia chilensis Bridges
- Aristolochia chilensis Bridges ex Lindl.
- Aristolochia chilensis Miers
- Aristolochia chiquitensis Duch.
- 苞叶马兜铃 Aristolochia chlamydophylla C.Y.Wu ex S.M.Hwang
- Aristolochia chrismuelleriana W.N.Takeuchi
- Aristolochia chrysochlora Barb.Rodr.
- Aristolochia cilicica P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
- Aristolochia clavidenia Griseb.
- 欧洲马兜铃 Aristolochia clematitis L.
- Aristolochia clementis Alain
- Aristolochia clusii Lojac.
- Aristolochia clusii x Aristolochia paucinervis
- Aristolochia cochinchinensis T.V.Do
- Aristolochia coerulea Niederl., 1890
- Aristolochia colimensis Santana Mich.
- Aristolochia colombiana F.González
- Aristolochia colossifolia Hoehne
- Aristolochia consimilis Mast.
- Aristolochia constricta Griseb.
- 北马兜铃 Aristolochia contorta Bunge
- Aristolochia conversiae Pfeifer
- Aristolochia cordiflora Mutis ex Kunth
- Aristolochia cordigera Willd. ex Klotzsch
- Aristolochia coriacea Raf.
- Aristolochia cornuta Mast.
- Aristolochia cortinata Reinecke
- Aristolochia coryi I.M.Johnst.
- Aristolochia crassinervia O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia cremersii Poncy
- Aristolochia cretica Lam.
- Aristolochia croatica Horvatic
- Aristolochia cruenta Barringer
- Aristolochia cubensis Linden
- 瓜叶马兜铃 Aristolochia cucurbitifolia Hayata
- 葫芦叶马兜铃 Aristolochia cucurbitoides C. F. Liang
- Aristolochia curro Lindm.
- Aristolochia curtisiae King ex Gamble
- Aristolochia curtisii King
- Aristolochia curtisii King ex Gamble
- Aristolochia curviflora Malme
- Aristolochia cymbifera Mart. & Zucc.
- Aristolochia cynanchifolia Mart. & Zucc.
- Aristolochia daemoninoxia Mast.
- Aristolochia dalyi F.González
- Aristolochia davilae Calzada, G.Flores & O.Téllez
- 马兜铃 Aristolochia debilis Siebold & Zucc.
- Aristolochia decandra DingHou
- Aristolochia decursive
- 贯叶马兜铃 Aristolochia delavayi Franch.
- Aristolochia deltantha F.Muell.
- Aristolochia deltoidea Kunth
- Aristolochia dictyophlebia Merr. & L.M.Perry
- Aristolochia didyma S.Moore
- Aristolochia dielsiana O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia dinghoui F.González & Poncy
- Aristolochia disticha Mast.
- Aristolochia diversifolia Duchesne
- Aristolochia dongnaiensis Pierre ex Lecomte
- Aristolochia droseroidis Hoehne, 1910
- Aristolochia durangensis Pfeifer
- Aristolochia echinata Barb.Rodr.
- Aristolochia ehrenbergiana Cham.
- Aristolochia ekmanii O.Schmidt
- 美丽马兜铃 Aristolochia elegans Mast.
- Aristolochia elongata Knowlton, 1917
- Aristolochia embergeri Nozeran & N.Hallé
- Aristolochia emiliae Santana Mich. & Solís
- Aristolochia engleriana O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia enricoi (Luino, L.Gaut. & Callm.)
- Aristolochia erecta L.
- Aristolochia eriantha Mart. & Zucc.
- Aristolochia esperanzae Kuntze
- Aristolochia fastidiosa L.Planch.
- Aristolochia filipendula Duch.
- Aristolochia filipendulina Duch.
- Aristolochia filipendulina L.Planch.
- Aristolochia fimbriata Cham.
- Aristolochia flava Poncy
- Aristolochia flexuosa Duch.
- Aristolochia floribunda Lem.
- Aristolochia foetida Kunth
- Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. & Reut.
- 通城虎 Aristolochia fordiana Hemsl.
- 大囊马兜铃 Aristolochia forrestiana J. S. Ma
- Aristolochia fosterae Barringer
- Aristolochia fosteri Barringer
- 蜂窠马兜铃 Aristolochia foveolata Merr.,蜂窝马兜铃
- 黄毛马兜铃 Aristolochia fulvicoma Merr. & Chun
- Aristolochia fragrantissima Ruiz
- 福建马兜铃 Aristolochia fujianensis S.M.Hwang
- Aristolochia gabonensis Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia gardneri Duch.
- Aristolochia gaudichaudii Duch.
- Aristolochia gehrtii Hoehne
- Aristolochia geniculata E.Nardi
- 优贵马兜铃 Aristolochia gentilis Franch.
- Aristolochia gibertii Hook.
- Aristolochia gigantea Mart. & Zucc.
- Aristolochia ginzbergeri Ahumada
- Aristolochia glandulosa J.Kickx fil.
- Aristolochia glandulosa J.M.Ferrari, 1978
- Aristolochia glandulosa Scheidw.
- Aristolochia glaucifolia Ridl.
- Aristolochia glossa Pfeifer
- Aristolochia goldieana Hook.fil.
- Aristolochia goliathiana Mich.J.Parsons
- Aristolochia goudotii Duch.
- Aristolochia gourigangaica N.C.Nair
- Aristolochia gracilifolia O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia gracilipedunculata F.González
- Aristolochia grandiflora Arruda
- 大花马兜铃 Aristolochia grandiflora Sw.
- 西藏马兜铃 Aristolochia griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson ex Duch.
- Aristolochia guadalajarana S.Watson
- Aristolochia guadichaudii Klotzsch
- Aristolochia guentheri O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia guianensis Poncy
- Aristolochia guichardii P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
- Aristolochia gurinderi K.Ravik., U.L.Tiwari & N.Balach.
- 海南马兜铃 Aristolochia hainanensis Merr.
- Aristolochia haitiensis Ekman & O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia hansenii Phuph.
- Aristolochia harmandiana Pierre ex Lecomte
- Aristolochia helix Phuph.
- Aristolochia heppii Merxm.
- Aristolochia hians Willd.
- Aristolochia hilariana Duch.
- Aristolochia hirta L.
- Aristolochia hispida Pohl ex Duch.
- Aristolochia hockii DeWild.
- Aristolochia hoehneana O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia hohuanense S.S.Ying
- Aristolochia hohuanensis S.S.Ying
- Aristolochia holostylis F.González
- Aristolochia holtzei F.Muell.
- 南粤马兜铃 Aristolochia howii Merr. & Chun
- 环江马兜铃 Aristolochia huanjiangensis Yan Liu & L. Wu
- Aristolochia humilis Merr.
- Aristolochia hyperborea Paxton
- 鲜黄马兜铃 Aristolochia hyperxantha X. X. Zhu & J. S. Ma
- Aristolochia hypoglauca Kuhlm.
- Aristolochia hyrcana P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
- Aristolochia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.
- Aristolochia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Duch.
- 凹脉马兜铃 Aristolochia impressinervia C.F.Liang
- Aristolochia incisa Duch.
- Aristolochia incisiloba Jongkind
- Aristolochia indica L.
- Aristolochia inflata Kunth
- Aristolochia insolita J.Freitas & M.Peixoto
- 内卷马兜铃 Aristolochia involuta X. X. Zhu, Z. X. Ma & J. S. Ma
- Aristolochia iquitensis O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia isaurica E.Nardi
- Aristolochia islandica Pfeifer
- Aristolochia jackii Steud.
- 尖峰岭马兜铃 Aristolochia jianfenglingensis Han Xu, Y. D. Li & H. Q. Chen
- Aristolochia jingiangensis H.Zhang & C.K.Hsieh
- Aristolochia kachinensis Ohi-Toma, Nob.Tanaka & J.Murata
- 大叶马兜铃 Aristolochia kaempferi Willd.
- Aristolochia kanukuensis Feuillet
- Aristolochia karwinskii Duch.
- 克长马兜铃 Aristolochia kechangensis Y. D. Peng & L. Y. Yu
- Aristolochia kepara (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia keratuma F.González & Pabón-Mora
- Aristolochia kerrii Craib
- Aristolochia killipiana O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia klossii Ridl.
- Aristolochia klugii O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia kongkandae Phuph.
- Aristolochia krausei P.H.Davis
- Aristolochia krisagathra Sivar. & Pradeep
- Aristolochia krukoffii O.C.Schmidt
- 昆明马兜铃 Aristolochia kunmingensis C. Y. Cheng & J. S. Ma
- 广西马兜铃 Aristolochia kwangsiensis Chun & F.C.How ex S.Yun Liang
- 巴西马兜铃 Aristolochia labiata Willd.
- Aristolochia lagesiana Ule
- Aristolochia lagesiana Ule ex Pilg.
- Aristolochia laheyana (F.M.Bailey) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia lanceolatolorata S.Moore
- Aristolochia laotica T.V.Do[10]
- Aristolochia lassa I.M.Johnst.
- Aristolochia lauterbachiana O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia lawrenceae N.E.Br.
- Aristolochia leonensis Scott Elliot
- Aristolochia leprieurii Duch.
- Aristolochia leptosticta Urb.
- Aristolochia leuconeura Linden
- Aristolochia leucotricha Briq.
- Aristolochia leytensis Merr.
- Aristolochia limai Hoehne
- Aristolochia lindeniana Duch.
- Aristolochia lindneri A.Berger
- Aristolochia linearifolia Wright ex Griseb.
- Aristolochia lingua Malme
- Aristolochia lingulata Ule
- Aristolochia lingulata Ule ex Pilg.
- Aristolochia linnemannii Warb.
- 美丽马兜铃 Aristolochia littoralis Parodi
- Aristolochia longeracemosa B.Hansen & Phuph.
- 弄岗马兜铃 Aristolochia longgangensis C.F.Liang
- Aristolochia longicaulis Rojas Acosta
- Aristolochia longifolia Sessé & Moc.
- Aristolochia longipes S.Watson
- Aristolochia longiracemosa B.Hansen & Phuph.
- Aristolochia longispathulata F.González
- Aristolochia longissima M.A.Blanco, J.E.Jiménez & Aguilar
- Aristolochia lorenae J.Freitas & F.González
- Aristolochia lozaniana F.González
- Aristolochia lutea Desf.
- Aristolochia lutescens Duch.
- Aristolochia luudamcui T.V.Do
- Aristolochia luudamcui T.V.Do.The, 2021
- Aristolochia luzmariana Santana Mich.
- Aristolochia lycica P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
- Aristolochia macbrideana Standl. ex J.F.Macbr., 1937
- Aristolochia macgregorii Merr.
- Aristolochia macrocarpa Duch.
- Aristolochia macroura Gomes
- Aristolochia magnifolia Briq.
- Aristolochia manantlanensis Santana Mich.
- Aristolochia manaosensis Ahumada
- Aristolochia mannii Hook.fil.
- Aristolochia manokwariensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- 木通马兜铃 Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom.
- Aristolochia maranonensis O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia marianensis Ahumada
- Aristolochia marioniana Elad.Fernández & G.A.Romero[9]
- Aristolochia marsupiiflora Schrad.
- Aristolochia mathewsii Duch.
- Aristolochia maurorum L.
- 大马兜铃 Aristolochia maxima Jacq.
- Aristolochia medicinalis R.E.Schult.
- 黑头马兜铃 Aristolochia melanocephala X. X. Zhu
- Aristolochia melanoglossa Speg.
- Aristolochia melastoma Silva Manso ex Duch.
- Aristolochia melgueiroi Barringer & F.Guánchez
- Aristolochia meridionaliana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia meridionalis E.M.Ross
- Aristolochia merxmuelleri Greuter & E.Mayer
- Aristolochia metriosa Rojas Acosta
- Aristolochia mexicana Kostel.
- Aristolochia micrantha Duch.
- Aristolochia microphylla Sessé & Moc.
- Aristolochia microphylla Willd.
- Aristolochia microstoma Boiss. & Spruner
- Aristolochia minutiflora Ridl. ex Gamble
- Aristolochia mirandae L.Marion
- Aristolochia mishuyacensis O.C.Schmidt
- 寻骨风 Aristolochia mollissima Hance
- Aristolochia momandul K.Schum.
- Aristolochia montana Ekman & O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia monticola Brandegee
- Aristolochia morae F.González
- Aristolochia morii F.González
- Aristolochia mortua Cockerell, 1908
- Aristolochia mossiae S.Moore
- Aristolochia mossii S.Moore
- 宝兴马兜铃 Aristolochia moupinensis Franch.
- 木论马兜铃 Aristolochia mulunensis Y. S. Huang & Yan Liu
- Aristolochia mutabilis Pfeifer
- Aristolochia mycteria Pfeifer
- Aristolochia nahua Paizanni & Santana Mich.
- Aristolochia nana S.Watson
- Aristolochia nardiana I.M.Turner
- Aristolochia navicularis E.Nardi
- Aristolochia naviculilimba DingHou
- Aristolochia nelsonii Eastw.
- Aristolochia nevesarmondiana Hoehne
- Aristolochia novoguineensis O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia nummularifolia Kunth
- Aristolochia oaxacana Eastw.
- 偏花马兜铃 Aristolochia obliqua S. M. Hwang
- Aristolochia oblongata Jacq.
- Aristolochia oblongifolia Brandegee
- Aristolochia obscura Lesquereux, 1861
- Aristolochia occidentalis Santana Mich. & S.Lemus Juarez
- Aristolochia odora Steud.
- Aristolochia odoratissima L.
- Aristolochia oeningensis Heer, 1856
- Aristolochia olivieri Colleg. ex Boiss.
- Aristolochia ophioides L.Marión
- Aristolochia oranensis Ahumada
- Aristolochia orbicularis Duch.
- Aristolochia ornithopterae Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia ornithorhyncha J.E.Jiménez, M.A.Blanco & Aguilar
- 卵叶马兜铃 Aristolochia ovalifolia Duch.
- Aristolochia pacayacensis O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia pacifica Santana Mich. & Paizanni
- Aristolochia paecilantha Boiss.
- Aristolochia pallida Willd.
- Aristolochia palmata C.L.Yang
- Aristolochia palmeri S.Watson
- Aristolochia pannosoides Hoehne
- Aristolochia papillaris Mast.
- Aristolochia papillifolia DingHou
- Aristolochia paradisiana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia paraensis L.Planch.
- Aristolochia paramaribensis Duch.
- Aristolochia parvifolia Sm.
- Aristolochia passiflorifolia A.Rich.
- Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel
- Aristolochia paulistana Hoehne
- Aristolochia peltata L.
- Aristolochia peltatodeltoidea Hoehne
- Aristolochia peninsulensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia pentandra Jacq.
- Aristolochia pentandra Sessé & Moc., 1894
- Aristolochia perangustifolia Phuph.
- Aristolochia peruviana O.Schmidt
- 滇南马兜铃 Aristolochia petelotii O. C. Schmidt
- Aristolochia phetchaburiensis Chuakul & Saralamp
- Aristolochia philippinensis Warb.
- Aristolochia phuphathanaphongiana T.V.Do[11]
- Aristolochia physodes Ule
- Aristolochia pierrei Lecomte
- Aristolochia pilosa Kunth
- 毛柱马兜铃 Aristolochia pilosistyla X. X. Zhu & J. S. Ma
- Aristolochia piperifolia Griff.
- Aristolochia pistolochia L.
- Aristolochia pithecurus Ridl.
- Aristolochia pohliana Duch.
- Aristolochia poluninii P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
- 多型叶马兜铃 Aristolochia polymorpha S.M.Hwang,多型马兜铃
- Aristolochia pontica Lam.
- Aristolochia poomae Phuph.
- Aristolochia pothieri Pierre ex Lecomte
- Aristolochia praevenosa F.Muell.
- Aristolochia preussii Engl.
- Aristolochia pringlei Rose
- Aristolochia promissa Mast.
- Aristolochia prostrata Duch.
- 拟翅茎马兜铃 Aristolochia pseudocaulialata X. X. Zhu, J. N. Liu & J. S. Ma
- Aristolochia pseudotriangularis O.C.Schmidt
- 拟囊花马兜铃 Aristolochia pseudoutriformis X. X. Zhu & J. S. Ma
- Aristolochia pubera F.A.Bauer ex Duch.
- Aristolochia pubescens Page ex Steud.
- Aristolochia pubescens Willd. ex Duch.
- Aristolochia pueblana J.F.Ortega & R.V.Ortega
- Aristolochia punctata Lam.
- Aristolochia purhepecha Santana Mich. & Cuevas
- Aristolochia pyrenosa Taub.
- Aristolochia quadriflora Gueldenst.
- Aristolochia quercetorum Standl.
- Aristolochia quiricoana J.E.Jiménez, M.A.Blanco & M.Cedeño
- Aristolochia raja Mart. & Zucc.
- Aristolochia repanda D.Subram.
- Aristolochia repens Mill.
- 雷西亚氏马兜铃 Aristolochia rethyae S.Kashung, Rimi Barman & P.R.Gajurel, 2022
- Aristolochia rhizantha Lundell
- Aristolochia ridicula N.E.Br.
- Aristolochia rigida Duch.
- 麻雀花 Aristolochia ringens Vahl
- Aristolochia robertii Ahumada
- Aristolochia rojasiana (Chodat & Hassl.) F.González
- Aristolochia rostrata Pfeifer
- Aristolochia rotunda L.
- Aristolochia rugosa Lam.
- Aristolochia ruiziana (Klotzsch) Duch.
- Aristolochia rumicifolia Mart. & Zucc.
- Aristolochia rumphii Kostel.
- Aristolochia rzedowskiana Santana Mich. & Guzm.-Hern.
- 管兰香 Aristolochia saccata Hook.f. & Thomson ex Klotzsch,袋形马兜铃
- Aristolochia sagitifolia Moc. & Sessé, 1903
- Aristolochia saltensis Speg. ex Hosseus, 1921
- Aristolochia samanensis O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia samarensis Merr.
- Aristolochia samsunensis P.H.Davis
- Aristolochia savannoidea Paizanni & M.Ramírez
- Aristolochia scandens Mill.
- Aristolochia schlechteri Lauterb.
- Aristolochia schottii L.Marión
- Aristolochia schreiteri Ahumada
- Aristolochia schultzeana O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia schulzii Ahumada
- Aristolochia schulzii Hieron. ex Hosseus, 1921
- Aristolochia schunkeana F.González
- 革叶马兜铃 Aristolochia scytophylla S. M. Hwang & D. Y. Chen
- Aristolochia secunda Pfeifer
- Aristolochia sempervirens L.
- Aristolochia sepicola Mast.
- Aristolochia sepikensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia sericea Blanco
- Aristolochia sessilifolia (Klotzsch) Malme
- Aristolochia setosa Duch.
- Aristolochia setulosa A.A.M.Araújo
- Aristolochia sicula Tineo
- Aristolochia silvatica Barb.Rodr.
- Aristolochia sinaloae Brandegee
- Aristolochia singalangensis Korth. ex DingHou
- 中缅马兜铃 Aristolochia sinoburmanica Y. H. Tan & B.Yang[12]
- Aristolochia smilacea L.
- Aristolochia smilacina (Klotzsch) Duch.
- Aristolochia socorroensis Pfeifer
- Aristolochia sparsifolia (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia sparusifolia (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia stahelii O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia stenocarpa Kuntze
- Aristolochia stenosiphon P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan
- Aristolochia steupii Woronow
- Aristolochia stomachoides Hoehne
- Aristolochia stomachoidis Hoehne
- Aristolochia stuckertii Speg.
- Aristolochia styloglossa Pfeifer
- Aristolochia styoglossa Pfeifer
- Aristolochia subglobosa J.Freitas, Lírio & F.González
- Aristolochia surinamensis Willd.
- 耳叶马兜铃 Aristolochia tagala Champ.
- Aristolochia taliscana Hook. & Arn.
- Aristolochia tamnifolia (Klotzsch) Duch.
- Aristolochia tentaculata O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia tequilana S.Watson
- Aristolochia teretiflora Pfeifer
- Aristolochia theriaca Mart. ex Duch.
- 川西马兜铃 Aristolochia thibetica Franch.
- Aristolochia thotteaeformis T.V.Do & Luu
- Aristolochia thozetii F.Muell.
- 海边马兜铃 Aristolochia thwaitesii Hook.
- Aristolochia tigrina A.Rich.
- Aristolochia tithonusiana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke
- Aristolochia tonduzii O.Schmidt
- 铜壁关马兜铃 Aristolochia tongbiguanensis J.Y.Shen, Q.B.Gong & S.Landrein[13]
- Aristolochia translucida Pfeifer
- 粉质花马兜铃 Aristolochia transsecta (Chatterjee) C. Y. Wu ex S. M. Hwang
- Aristolochia transtillifera DingHou
- Aristolochia tresmariae Ferris
- Aristolochia triactina Hook.fil.
- Aristolochia triana Duch., 1864
- Aristolochia trianae Duch.
- Aristolochia trianaei Duch.
- Aristolochia triangularis Cham.
- 长嘴马兜铃 Aristolochia tribolata L., 1753
- Aristolochia trichostoma Griseb.
- Aristolochia trilabiata Glaz.
- Aristolochia trilobata L.
- Aristolochia trulliformis Mast.
- Aristolochia truncata Fielding & Gardner
- 背蛇生 Aristolochia tuberosa C.F.Liang & S.M.Hwang
- 管花马兜铃 Aristolochia tubiflora Dunn
- Aristolochia tuitensis Santana Mich. & Paizanni
- Aristolochia tyrrhena E.Nardi & Arrigoni
- Aristolochia uhdeana Duch.
- Aristolochia urbaniana Taub.
- Aristolochia urupaensis Hoehne
- 囊花马兜铃 Aristolochia utriformis S. M. Hwang
- Aristolochia valentina Duch.
- Aristolochia variifolia Duch.
- Aristolochia velutina Duch.
- Aristolochia versabilifolia Pfeifer
- 变色马兜铃 Aristolochia versicolor S. M. Hwang
- 黄毛马兜铃 Aristolochia vestita Ohi-Toma, P.Li & Watan.-Toma
- Aristolochia viperina Chodat & Hassl.
- Aristolochia vitiensis A.C.Sm.
- Aristolochia vuquangensis T.V.Do[14]
- Aristolochia wankeana J.Freitas, F.González & Poncy
- Aristolochia warmingii Mast.
- Aristolochia watsonii Wooton & Standl.
- Aristolochia weberbaueri O.Schmidt
- Aristolochia weddellii Duch.
- Aristolochia wendeliana Hoehne
- 文山马兜铃 Aristolochia wenshanensis Lei Cai, D.M.He & Z.L.Dao[15]
- Aristolochia werdermanniana O.C.Schmidt
- 香港马兜铃 Aristolochia westlandii Hemsl.
- Aristolochia whitei I.M.Johnst.
- Aristolochia wilcoxiana Berry, 1916
- Aristolochia williamsii Rusby
- Aristolochia williardiana Knowlton, 1916
- Aristolochia wrightii Seem.
- Aristolochia xerophytica R.E.Schult.
- 雅长马兜铃 Aristolochia yachangensis B.G.Huang, Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang [16]
- Aristolochia yalaensis Phuph.
- 杨氏马兜铃 Aristolochia yangii
- Aristolochia yungasensis Rusby
- Aristolochia zebrina J.Freitas & F.González
- Aristolochia zenkeri Engl.
- 中甸马兜铃 Aristolochia zhongdianensis J.S.Ma
- 港口马兜铃 Aristolochia zollingeriana Miq.
- Aristolochia zonguldakensis Yild.
- 杂交种:
- Aristolochia ×compta Hoehne
- Aristolochia ×domingensis Ekman & O.C.Schmidt
- Aristolochia ×gueneri Malyer & Tosunoglu
- Aristolochia ×gypsicola Tosunoglu & Malyer
- 归入本属的物种:
- Catalpa crassifolia (Newberry, 1868)
- Hexaplectris bicolor Raf.
- Hexaplectris fuscata Raf.
中醫使用
[编辑]中医认为马兜铃属下的马兜铃(A. debilis)、北马兜铃(A. contorta)、木通马兜铃(A. manshuriensis)以及防己马兜铃(A. fangchi)等皆可入药,药用的不同植物部分有着不同的中文名称:[17]
种 | 入药植物器官 | 中文名称 |
---|---|---|
马兜铃 | 根 | 青木香 |
马兜铃 | 叶 | 天仙藤 |
马兜铃 | 果实 | 马兜铃 |
北马兜铃 | 叶 | 天仙藤 |
北马兜铃 | 果实 | 马兜铃 |
木通马兜铃 | 茎 | 关木通 |
防己马兜铃 | 根 | 广防己 |
腎毒性
[编辑]有研究认为上述中草药中所含马兜铃酸具有消炎抗菌作用并具有一定抗癌活性,但同时具有肾毒性會引起泌尿道上皮癌為每百萬核鹼基(nucleobase/base)就有150個核鹼基基因突變,馬兜鈴酸基因突變能力強度是現今已知最強的致癌物質。[18][19][20]由服用这类草药导致的疾病在早期被称为“中草药肾病”(Chinese herbs nephropathy,CHN),后来改称“马兜铃酸肾病”(aristolochic acid nephropathy,AAN)。[21]另有研究表明,马兜铃酸经人体代谢将成为一种具有遗传毒性的突变原,并可引发癌症。[22]美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)在2001年向美国市民发出有关警报。[23]欧洲各国及美国已颁布禁令,禁止进口及出售含有马兜铃酸的草药。[24]
参考文献
[编辑]引用
[编辑]- ^ Genus: Aristolochia L.. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-01-30 [2011-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-07). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 《中国植物志》第24卷:马兜铃属(Aristolochia L.). 中国植物物种信息数据库(DCP).
- ^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中国数字植物标本馆. (原始内容存档于2012-04-11). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Xinxin, Zhu; Jun, Wang; Shuai, Liao; Jinshuang, Ma. Synopsis of Aristolochia L. and Isotrema Raf. (Aristolochiaceae) in China. Biodiversity Science. 2019-10-20, 27 (10): 1143. doi:10.17520/biods.2019183.
- ^ 马金双. 东亚和南亚马兜铃属的补订. 植物分类学报. 1994, 32 (3): 290–292 [2020-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-20). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Shi LS, Kuo PC, Tsai YL, Damu AG, Wu TS. The alkaloids and other constituents from the root and stem of Aristolochia elegans.. Bioorg Med Chem. Jan 15, 2004, 12 (2): 439–446 [2012-06-13]. PMID 14723962. (原始内容存档于2020-06-29) (英语). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Zhu, Xin-Xin; Li, Xiao-Qin; Liao, Shuai; Du, Cheng; Wang, Yuan; Wang, Zhang-Hua; Yan, Jing; Zuo, Yun-Juan; Ma, Jinshuang. Reinstatement of Isotrema, a new generic delimitation of Aristolochia subgen. Siphisia (Aristolochiaceae) journal=Phytotaxa 401 (1): 1. 2019-04-10. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.1.
- ^ Aristolochia L.. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-05). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Eladio Fernández, Irina Ferreras, Brian D. Farrell, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros and Gustavo Adolfo Romero-González. 2019. Studies in Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) of Hispaniola. Phytotaxa. 420(1); 1-20. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.420.1.1
- ^ Truong Van Do, Thao Thi Hoang, Fang Wen, Stefan Wanke, Malcolm Forbes, Phetlasy Souladeth. 2023. Aristolochia laotica (subgen. Siphisia), A New Species from Northeastern Laos. Phytotaxa. 591(2); 155-163. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.2.7, http://Researchgate.net/publication/369778517_Aristolochia_laotica_a_new_species_from_Northeastern_Laos
- ^ Truong Van Do, Stefan Wanke, Christoph Neinhuis and Rachun Pooma. 2015. Aristolochia phuphathanaphongiana sp. nov. from southwestern Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany. 33(5); 567–571. DOI: 10.1111/njb.00889
- ^ 中缅马兜铃——缅北马兜铃属一新种. NSII. [2023-02-18]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-18). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 云南西部发现马兜铃属一新种——铜壁关马兜铃. NSII. [2023-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-17). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Truong Van Do, Hung Viet Nguyen and Khuong Duy Le. 2021. Aristolochia vuquangensis (Aristolochiaceae), A New Species from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa. 500(1); 37–44. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.500.1.5
- ^ 云南发现马兜铃科一新种——文山马兜铃. NSII. [2023-02-16]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-16). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 广西岩溶地区发现马兜铃科植物新种:雅长马兜铃. NSII. [2023-02-15]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-15). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 中华人民共和国卫生部. 中华人民共和国药典(第一部). 北京: 化学工业出版社. 2000: 31, 39, 41, 114, 154.
- ^ Poon et al. and Hoang et al.,"Genome-Wide Mutational Signatures of Aristolochic Acid and Its Application as a Screening Tool"[1][失效連結],Sci TM,August 7, 2013; 5(197).
- ^ 記者陳麗婷/台北報導,"致癌馬兜鈴酸 老鼠吃3天就傷害久遠"[2],聯合晚報,2013.08.08-03:10 pm.
- ^ C.P. Khare (编). Indian Herbal Remedies: Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany 1. Springer. Jan 22, 2004. ISBN 978-3540010265.
- ^ Cosyns JP. Aristolochic acid and 'Chinese herbs nephropathy': a review of the evidence to date.. Drug Saf. 2003, 26 (1): 33–48 [2012-06-13]. PMID 12495362. doi:10.2165/00002018-200326010-00004. (原始内容存档于2012-04-26) (英语). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Arlt VM, Stiborova M, Schmeiser HH. Aristolochic acid as a probable human cancer hazard in herbal remedies: a review (PDF). Mutagenesis. 2002, 17 (4): 265–277. doi:10.1093/mutage/17.4.265 (英语).
- ^ Aristolochic Acid: FDA Warns Consumers to Discontinue Use of Botanical Products that Contain Aristolochic Acid. Apr 11, 2001 [2012-06-13]. (原始内容存档于2010-02-16). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ U.S. Adds 8 Chemicals -- Some Common -- to Carcinogen List: New Carcinogens. Cancer Health Center. [2012-06-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-20). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
来源
[编辑]- American Cancer Society (ACS (2006): Known and Probable Carcinogens (Including Industrial Processes, Occupational Exposures, Infectious Agents, Chemicals, and Radiation). Version of 02/03/2006. Retrieved 2007-NOV-12.
- Depierreux, M; Van Damme, B; Vanden Houte K; & Vanherweghem, JL. Pathologic aspects of a newly described nephropathy related to the prolonged use of Chinese herbs. American Journal of Kidney Disease. August 1994, 24 (2): 172–180. PMID 8048421.
- Grollman, Arthur P.; Shibutani, Shinya; Moriya, Masaaki; Miller, Frederick; Wu, Lin; Moll, Ute; Suzuki, Naomi; Fernandes, Andrea; Rosenquist, Thomas; Medverec, Zvonimir; Jakovina, Krunoslav; Brdar, Branko; Slade, Neda; Turesky; Robert J.; Goodenough, Angela K.; Rieger, Robert; Vukelić, Mato & Jelaković, Bojan (2007): Aristolochic acid and the etiology of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. PNAS 104(20): 12129-12134. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701248104 PMID 17620607 PDf fulltext Supporting information (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Heinrich, M., J. Chan, S. Wanke, Ch. Neinhuis and M.S.S. Simmonds 2009 Local Uses of Aristolochia species and content of Aristolochic Acid 1 and 2 – a global assessment based on bibliographic sources. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 125: 108 – 144.
- Stiborova, M; Frei, E; Breuer, A;, Bieler, CA & Schmeiser, HH. Aristolactam I a metabolite of aristolochic acid I upon activation forms an adduct found in DNA of patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy. Experimental Toxicological Pathology. July 1999, 51 (4-5): 421–427.
- Vandaveer, Chelsie (2002): How did the shape of a flower cause the death of women?. Version of 2002-JAN-10. Retrieved 2007-NOV-12.
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