Z世代 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书

Z世代（英語：Generation Z，簡稱Gen Z，俗稱zoomers）[1]，是Y世代之後、阿法世代之前之人口統計群體。研究人員和大眾媒體將1990年代中後期作為開始出生年份，將2010年代初期作為結束出生年份，其中最常見的定義為1997年至2012年出生的人。[2][3][4]Z世代的大多數成員都是X世代的子女。[5]

Z世代

作為首代從小接觸互聯網和數位行動裝置的社會群體，Z世代的成員即使不一定具備數位素養，也被稱為“數位原住民”。[6][7][8] 此外，與較年幼者相比，長時間使用數位產品的負面影響在青少年中最為明顯。[9] 與前幾代人相比，Z世代的成員在同齡時往往比他們的前輩生活得更慢[10][11]；未成年懷孕率較低；減少飲酒（但精神藥物使用則不一定）。[12][13][14][15] Z世代的青少年比先前世代更關心學業成績和工作前景[16][10]，且比1960年代的同齡人更擅長延遲滿足，儘管大眾不這樣認為。[17] 青少年中的性簡訊越來越普遍；對此現象之研究理解仍十分欠缺。[18] 此外，Z世代次文化一直相對低調但未消失。[19][20]

西方世界的主要世代

在全球範圍內，有證據表明，與20世紀相比，女性進入青春期的平均年齡已大大降低，這對她們的福祉和未來產生了影響。[21][22][23][24][25] 此外，Z世代的過敏症患病率高於整體人群[26][27]；對心理健康狀況的認識和診斷更多[28][29]，睡眠剝奪更常被發現。[7][30][31] 在許多國家，Z世代比先前世代更容易被診斷出患有智能障礙和精神疾患。[32][33]

在世界範圍內，Z世代的成員花在數位裝置上的時間比先前世代多，閱讀時間則相對減少[34][35][36]，這對他們的注意力持續時間[37][38]、詞彙[39][40]、學業成就[41]，以及未來的經濟貢獻[34]造成影響。在亞洲，2000年代和2010年代的教育工作者通常尋找並培養頂尖學生；在西歐和美國，重點是表現不佳的人。[42] 此外，東亞和新加坡學生在2010年代的國際標準化考試中始終名列前茅。[43][44][45][46]

作為消費者，他們的總體購買行為偏離了民意調查中通常與他們相關的理想和價值觀。[47][48][49]

參見

[编辑]

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ zoomer. Dictionary.com. [2020-06-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）. 
  2. ^ Words We're Watching: 'Zoomer'. Merriam-Webster. October 2021 [2021-10-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-11）. 
  3. ^ What generation do I belong to? What are the birth year cutoffs?. Dr. Jean Twenge （英语）. 
  4. ^ The generations defined. McCrindle Research （英语）. 
  5. ^ Who Are the Parents of Gen Z?. Signal Vine. 2021-08-26 [2022-03-10]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）. 
  6. ^ Turner, Anthony. Generation Z: Technology And Social Interest. Journal of Individual Psychology. 2015, 71 (2): 103–113. S2CID 146564218. doi:10.1353/jip.2015.0021. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Twenge, Jean. Teens are sleeping less – but there's a surprisingly easy fix. The Conversation. 2017-10-19 [2020-11-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）. 
  8. ^ Strauss, Valerie. Today's kids might be digital natives — but a new study shows they aren't close to being computer literate. Education. The Washington Post. 2019-11-16 [2019-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-17）. 
  9. ^ Adelantado-Renau, Mireia; Moliner-Urdiales, Diego; et al. Association Between Screen Media Use and Academic Performance Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics (American Medical Association). 2019-09-23, 173 (11): 1058–1067. PMC 6764013 可免费查阅. PMID 31545344. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176. hdl:10234/186798. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Teenagers are better behaved and less hedonistic nowadays. International. The Economist. 2018-01-10 [2020-09-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）. 
  11. ^ Twenge, Jean. Why today's teens aren't in any hurry to grow up. The Conversation. 2017-09-19 [2020-11-13]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-15）. 
  12. ^ Schepis, Ty. College-age kids and teens are drinking less alcohol – marijuana is a different story. The Conversation. 2020-11-19 [2020-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-21）. 
  13. ^ Hymas, Charles. Generation Z swap drink for drugs as class A use by 16-24-year-olds rises by half in seven years. The Telegraph. 2020-12-09 [2020-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-10）. 
  14. ^ Chandler-Wilde, Helen. The future of Gen Z's mental health: How to fix the 'unhappiest generation ever'需要付费订阅. The Telegraph. 2020-08-06 [2020-08-08]. ISSN 0307-1235. （原始内容存档于2022-01-10） （英国英语）. 
  15. ^ UCL. How to fix the 'unhappiest generation ever'. UCL News. 2020-08-06 [2020-08-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-26） （英语）. 
  16. ^ Generation Z is stressed, depressed and exam-obsessed需要付费订阅. The Economist. 2019-02-27 [2019-03-28]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2019-03-28）. 
  17. ^ Protzko, John. Kids These Days! Increasing delay of gratification ability over the past 50 years in children. Intelligence. May–June 2020, 80 (101451) [2020-09-26]. S2CID 218789047. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101451. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）. 
  18. ^ Del Rey, Rosario; Ojeda, Mónica; Casas, José A.; Mora-Merchán, Joaquín A.; Elipe, Paz. Rey, Lourdes , 编. Sexting Among Adolescents: The Emotional Impact and Influence of the Need for Popularity. Educational Psychology. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019-08-21, 10 (1828): 1828. PMC 6712510 可免费查阅. PMID 31496968. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01828 可免费查阅. 
  19. ^ Petridis, Alexis. Youth subcultures: what are they now?. The Guardian. 2014-03-20 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-22）. 
  20. ^ Watts, Peter. Is Youth Culture A Thing of the Past?. Apollo. 2017-04-10 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-07）. 
  21. ^ Weir, Kirsten. The risks of earlier puberty. Monitor (American Psychological Association). March 2016, 47 (3): 40 [2020-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-17）. 
  22. ^ Lamothe, Cindy. The health risks of maturing early. BBC Future. 2018-06-12 [2021-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-25）. 
  23. ^ University Of Southampton. New Research Shows How Evolution Explains Age Of Puberty. Science Daily. 2005-12-01 [2020-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-01）. 
  24. ^ Hochberg, Ze′ev; Konner, Melvin. Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2020, 10 (918): 918. PMC 6970937 可免费查阅. PMID 31993019. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00918 可免费查阅. 
  25. ^ Eckert-Lind, Camilla; Busch, Alexander S.; Petersen, Jørgen H.; Biro, Frank M.; Butler, Gary; Bräuner, Elvira V.; Juul, Anders. Worldwide Secular Trends in Age at Pubertal Onset Assessed by Breast Development Among Girls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics (American Medical Association). 2020, 174 (4): e195881. PMC 7042934 可免费查阅. PMID 32040143. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5881. 
  26. ^ Graphic Detail. The prevalence of peanut allergy has trebled in 15 years. Daily Chart. The Economist. 2019-10-03 [2019-10-03]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-04）. 
  27. ^ Why everybody is suddenly allergic to everything. Health. National Post. 2019-07-30 [2019-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-26）. 
  28. ^ American Psychological Association. Mental health issues increased significantly in young adults over last decade. Science Daily. 2019-03-15 [2020-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-20）. 
  29. ^ Schraer, Rachel. Is young people's mental health getting worse?. Health. BBC. 2019-02-11 [2020-12-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-05）. 
  30. ^ Kansagra, Sujay. Sleep Disorders in Adolescents. Pediatrics (American Academy of Pediatrics). May 2020, 145 (Supplement 2): S204–S209 [2021-01-01]. PMID 32358212. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2056I 可免费查阅. （原始内容存档于2022-07-29）. 
  31. ^ University of Rochester. Parents aren't powerless when it comes to sleep-deprived teenagers. Science Daily. 2020-01-09 [2021-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）. 
  32. ^ Maulik, Pallab K.; Mascarenhas, Maya N.; Mathers, Colin D.; Dua, Tarun; Saxena, Shekhar. Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011, 32 (2): 419–436 [2020-09-15]. PMID 21236634. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018. （原始内容存档于2020-09-26）. 
  33. ^ Buckley, Nicholas; Glasson, Emma J.; et al. Prevalence estimates of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists). 2020-05-30, 54 (10): 970–984. PMID 32475125. S2CID 219170827. doi:10.1177/0004867420924101 可免费查阅. 
  34. ^ 34.0 34.1 Thomas, Leigh. Education levels stagnating despite higher spending: OECD survey. World News. Reuters. 2019-12-03 [2020-02-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-05）. 
  35. ^ Ferguson, Donna. Children are reading less than ever before, research reveals. The Guardian. 2020-02-29 [2020-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-01）. 
  36. ^ Sliwa, Jim. Teens Today Spend More Time on Digital Media, Less Time Reading. American Psychological Association. 2018-08-20 [2020-11-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-01）. 
  37. ^ How Technology Affects the Attention Span of Children. Your Therapy Source. 2019-04-18 [2021-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）. 
  38. ^ Too Much Screen Time?. Penn State University. [2021-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）. 
  39. ^ Massey University. Vocabulary on decline due to fewer books. Social Sciences. Phys.org. 2010-09-20 [2020-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）. 
  40. ^ Adams, Richard. Teachers in UK report growing 'vocabulary deficiency'. The Guardian. 2018-04-19 [2020-11-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）. 
  41. ^ Busby, Eleanor. Children's grades at risk because they have narrow vocabulary, finds report. Education. The Independent. 2018-04-19 [2020-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）. 
  42. ^ Clynes, Tom. How to raise a genius: lessons from a 45-year study of super-smart children. Nature. 2016-09-07, 537 (7619): 152–155. Bibcode:2016Natur.537..152C. PMID 27604932. S2CID 4459557. doi:10.1038/537152a 可免费查阅. 
  43. ^ Chhor, Khatya. French students rank last in EU for maths, study finds. France24. 2016-12-08 [2020-12-09]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-08）. 
  44. ^ Alphonso, Caroline. Canadian high school students among top performers in reading, according to new international ranking. The Globe and Mail. 2019-12-03 [2019-11-13]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-03）. 
  45. ^ DeSilver, Drew. U.S. students' academic achievement still lags that of their peers in many other countries. Pew Research Center. 2017-02-15 [2020-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-20）. 
  46. ^ Wai, Jonathan; Makel, Matthew C. How do academic prodigies spend their time and why does that matter?. The Conversation. 2015-09-04 [2020-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23）. 
  47. ^ How to sell to the young. The Economist. 2023-01-19 [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-22）. 
  48. ^ How the young spend their money. The Economist. 2023-01-16 [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-28）. 
  49. ^ Reice, Alex. The most eco-conscious generation? Gen Z's fashion fixation suggests otherwise.. The Week. 2021-12-01 [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-29）. 
  • R. Dorsey, Jason; Villa, Denise. Zconomy: How Gen Z Will Change the Future of Business―and What to Do About It. Harper Business. 2020. ISBN 978-0062970299. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Z世代&oldid=84913044”