1916 United States Senate elections

1916 United States Senate elections

← 1914 November 7, 1916[a] 1918 →
35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader John W. Kern[b] (lost re-election) Jacob H. Gallinger[c] Party Democratic Republican Leader since March 4, 1911 March 4, 1911 Leader's seat Indiana New Hampshire Seats before 56 40 Seats won 17 18 Seats after 54 42 Seat change 2 2 Seats up 19 16
Clickable imagemap for the 1916 US Senate elections Results of the elections:      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold      No election
Majority conference chairman before election John W. Kern Democratic Elected Majority conference chairman Thomas S. Martin Democratic

The 1916 United States Senate elections were elections that coincided with the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson. This was the first election since the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment that all 32 Class 1 senators were selected by direct or popular elections instead of state legislatures. Republicans gained a net of two seats from the Democrats, and then an additional two seats through mid-term vacancies thereby reducing Democrats to a 52–44 majority.

Four Republicans and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Arkansas	James P. Clarke	William F. Kirby
California	John D. Works	Hiram Johnson
Maine (special)	Edwin C. Burleigh	Bert M. Fernald
New Mexico	Thomas B. Catron	Andrieus A. Jones
New York	James A. O'Gorman	William M. Calder
Pennsylvania	George T. Oliver	Philander C. Knox

Nine Democrats and five Republicans sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Delaware	Henry A. du Pont	Josiah O. Wolcott
Florida	Nathan P. Bryan	Park Trammell
Indiana (special)	Thomas Taggart	James E. Watson
Indiana	John W. Kern	Harry S. New
Maine	Charles F. Johnson	Frederick Hale
Maryland	Blair Lee I	Joseph I. France
Minnesota	Moses E. Clapp	Frank B. Kellogg
New Jersey	James E. Martine	Joseph S. Frelinghuysen
Rhode Island	Henry F. Lippitt	Peter G. Gerry
Tennessee	Luke Lea	Kenneth McKellar
Utah	George Sutherland	William H. King
West Virginia	William E. Chilton	Howard Sutherland
Wyoming	Clarence D. Clark	John B. Kendrick

Eight Democrats and two Republicans died during the 65th Congress, and initially were all replaced by appointees except in Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, Democratic Senator Paul O. Husting died on October 21, 1917, and his seat remained vacant until an April 1918 election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Idaho (Class 3)	James H. Brady	John F. Nugent
Kentucky (Class 2)	Ollie Murray James	George B. Martin
Louisiana (Class 3)	Robert F. Broussard	Walter Guion
Missouri (Class 3)	William J. Stone	Xenophon P. Wilfley
Nevada (Class 3)	Francis G. Newlands	Charles Henderson
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Jacob H. Gallinger	Irving W. Drew
New Jersey (Class 2)	William Hughes	David Baird Sr.
Oregon (Class 2)	Harry Lane	Charles L. McNary
South Carolina (Class 2)	Benjamin Tillman	Christie Benet
Wisconsin (Class 3)	Paul O. Husting	Irvine Lenroot

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38 Ariz. Ran	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39 Ark. (sp) Died	D40 Ind. (sp) Ran	D41 Fla. Ran	D42 Ind. (reg) Ran	D43 Maine (reg) Ran	D44 Md. Ran	D45 Miss. Ran	D46 Mo. Ran	D47 Mont. Ran	D48 Neb. Ran
Majority →									D49 Nev. Ran
R39 Wis. Ran	R40 Wyo. Ran	D56 W.Va. Ran	D55 Va. Ran	D54 Texas Ran	D53 Tenn. Ran	D52 Ohio Ran	D51 N.Y. Retired	D50 N.J. Ran
R38 Wash. Ran	R37 Vt. Ran	R36 Utah Ran	R35 R.I. Ran	R34 Pa. Retired	R33 N.D. Ran	R32 N.M. Retired	R31 Minn. Ran	R30 Mich. Ran	R29 Mass. Ran
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25 Calif. Retired	R26 Conn. Ran	R27 Del. Ran	R28 Maine (sp) Died
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38 Ariz. Re-elected	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39 Ark. (sp) Hold	D40 Del. Gain	D41 Fla. Hold	D42 Miss. Re-elected	D43 Mo. Re-elected	D44 Mont. Re-elected	D45 Neb. Re-elected	D46 Nev. Re-elected	D47 N.M. Gain	D48 Ohio Re-elected
Majority →									D49 R.I. Gain
R39 Vt. Re-elected	R40 Wash. Re-elected	R41 W.Va. Gain	R42 Wis. Re-elected	D54 Wyo. Gain	D53 Va. Re-elected	D52 Utah Gain	D51 Texas Re-elected	D50 Tenn. Hold
R38 Pa. Hold	R37 N.D. Re-elected	R36 N.Y. Gain	R35 N.J. Gain	R34 Minn. Hold	R33 Mich. Re-elected	R32 Mass. Re-elected	R31 Md. Gain	R30 Maine (sp) Hold	R29 Maine (reg) Gain
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25 Calif. Hold	R26 Conn. Re-elected	R27 Ind. (reg) Gain	R28 Ind. (sp) Gain[d]
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Key	D# Democratic R# Republican

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1916 or before March 4, 1917; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Maine (Class 2)	Edwin C. Burleigh	Republican	1913	Incumbent died June 16, 1916. A new senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican hold.	▌Y Bert M. Fernald (Republican) 54.28% ▌Kenneth C. M. Sills (Democratic) 45.49% ▌Frederick Shepherd (Prohibition) 0.23%[1]
Arkansas (Class 3)	James P. Clarke	Democratic	1903 1909 1914	Incumbent died October 1, 1916. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Democratic hold.	▌Y William F. Kirby (Democratic) 69.27% ▌Harmon L. Remmel (Republican) 30.73%[2]
Indiana (Class 3)	Thomas Taggart	Democratic	1916 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish term. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Republican gain.	▌Y James E. Watson (Republican) 47.66% ▌Thomas Taggart (Democratic) 46.29% ▌Edward Henry (Socialist) 3.08%[3] Others ▌William H. Hickman (Prohibition) 2.29% ▌John F. Clifford (Progressive) 0.68%

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1917; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Arizona	Henry F. Ashurst	Democratic	1912 (new state)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 55.36% ▌Joseph Henry Kibbey (Republican) 39.4% ▌W. S. Bradford (Socialist) 5.24%[4]
California	John D. Works	Republican	1911	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Hiram Johnson (Republican) 61.09% ▌George S. Patton (Democratic) 29.54% ▌Walter Thomas Mills (Socialist) 5.25% ▌Marshall Atwood (Prohibition) 4.12%[5]
Connecticut	George P. McLean	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George P. McLean (Republican) 50.17% ▌Homer Stille Cummings (Democratic) 46.24%[6] Others ▌Martin Plunkett (Socialist) 2.48% ▌Wilbur Manchester (Prohibition) 0.83% ▌Otto Ruckser (Socialist Labor) 0.29%
Delaware	Henry A. du Pont	Republican	1906 (special) 1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Josiah O. Wolcott (Democratic) 49.67% ▌Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 44.77% ▌Hiram A. Burton (Progressive) 4.61% ▌William C. Ferris (Socialist) 0.96%[7]
Florida	Nathan P. Bryan	Democratic	1911 (appointed) 1911 (late)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Park Trammell (Democratic) 82.86% ▌William O'Neal (Republican) 12.45% ▌R. L. Goodwin (Socialist) 4.69%[8]
Indiana	John W. Kern	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Harry S. New (Republican) 47.77% ▌John W. Kern (Democratic) 46.14% ▌Joseph Zimmerman (Socialist) 3.06%[9] Others ▌Elwood Haynes (Prohibition) 2.21% ▌John N. Dyer (Progressive) 0.61% ▌Ira Decker (Socialist Labor) 0.22%
Maine	Charles F. Johnson	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican gain.	▌Y Frederick Hale (Republican) 52.72% ▌Charles F. Johnson (Democratic) 46.09%[10] Others ▌James F. Carey (Socialist) 1.0% ▌Arthur C. Jackson (Prohibition) 0.19%
Maryland	Blair Lee I	Democratic	1913 (special)	Incumbent lost renomination.[11] New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph I. France (Republican) 49.32% ▌David John Lewis (Democratic) 47.62%[12] Others ▌James Frizzell (Prohibition) 1.44% ▌Sylvester Young (Socialist) 1.12% ▌Frank Lang (Labor) 0.5%
Massachusetts	Henry Cabot Lodge	Republican	1893 1899 1905 1911	Incumbent re-elected	▌Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 51.68% ▌John F. Fitzgerald (Democratic) 45.31% ▌William N. McDonald (Socialist) 3.01%[13]
Michigan	Charles E. Townsend	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.[13]	▌Y Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 56.34% ▌Lawrence Price (Democratic) 39.85% Others ▌E. O. Foss (Socialist) 2.41% ▌John Y. Johnston (Prohibition) 1.17% ▌Herman Richter (Socialist Labor) 0.14%
Minnesota	Moses E. Clapp	Republican	1901 (special) 1905 1911	Incumbent lost renomination.[14] New senator elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Frank B. Kellogg (Republican) 48.58% ▌Daniel W. Lawler (Democratic) 30.84% ▌Willis G. Calderwood (Prohibition) 20.58%[15]
Mississippi	John Sharp Williams	Democratic	1908 (early)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Sharp Williams (Democratic) Unopposed[16]
Missouri	James A. Reed	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James A. Reed (Democratic) 50.56% ▌Walter S. Dickey (Republican) 47.44%[17] Others ▌Kate Richards O'Hare (Socialist) 1.87% ▌Joseph Scheidler (Socialist Labor) 0.12%
Montana	Henry L. Myers	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry L. Myers (Democratic) 51.06% ▌Charles Nelson Pray (Republican) 43.40% ▌Henry La Beau (Socialist) 5.54%[18]
Nebraska	Gilbert Hitchcock	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 49.98% ▌John L. Kennedy (Republican) 45.88% ▌E. E. Olmstead (Socialist) 2.59% ▌D. B. Gilbert (Prohibition) 1.55%[19]
Nevada	Key Pittman	Democratic	1913 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Key Pittman (Democratic) 38.81% ▌Samuel Platt (Republican) 32.28% ▌Ashley G. Miller (Socialist) 28.91%[20]
New Jersey	James E. Martine	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (Republican) 55.99% ▌James E. Martine (Democratic) 38.9% ▌William C. Doughty (Socialist) 3.06%[21] Others ▌Livingston Barbour (Prohibition) 1.64% ▌Rudolph Katz (Socialist Labor) 0.42%
New Mexico	Thomas B. Catron	Republican	1912 (new state)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 51.01% ▌Frank Hubbell (Republican) 45.95% ▌W. P. Metcalf (Socialist) 3.04%[22]
New York	James A. O'Gorman	Democratic	1911	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y William M. Calder (Republican) 54.32% ▌William F. McCombs (Democratic) 39.22% ▌Joseph Cannon (Socialist) 3.96% Others ▌D. Leigh Colvin (Prohibition) 1.25% ▌Bainbridge Colby (Progressive) 0.99% ▌August Gillhaus (Socialist Labor) 0.26%
North Dakota	Porter J. McCumber	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Porter J. McCumber (Republican) 53.85% ▌John Burke (Democratic) 38.24% ▌E. R. Fry (Socialist) 7.91%[23]
Ohio	Atlee Pomerene	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 49.26% ▌Myron T. Herrick (Republican) 46.15% ▌C. E. Ruthenberg (Socialist) 3.29%[24] Others ▌Aaron S. Watkins (Prohibition) 1.04% ▌Jacob S. Coxey Sr. (Independent) 0.26%
Pennsylvania	George T. Oliver	Republican	1909 (special) 1911	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Philander C. Knox (Republican) 56.31% ▌Ellis Orvis (Democratic) 37.25% ▌Charles Ervin (Socialist) 3.76%[25] Others ▌Herbert T. Ames (Prohibition) 2.49% ▌Robert C. Macauley (Single Tax) 0.12%
Rhode Island	Henry F. Lippitt	Republican	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Peter G. Gerry (Democratic) 52.94% ▌Henry F. Lippitt (Republican) 44.12%[26] Others ▌Frederick Hurst (Socialist) 2.25% ▌Frank J. Sibley (Prohibition) 0.51% ▌Peter McDermott (Socialist Labor) 0.19%
Tennessee	Luke Lea	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected.[25] Democratic hold.	▌Y Kenneth McKellar (Democratic) 54.42% ▌Ben W. Hooper (Republican) 44.75% ▌H. H. Mangum (Socialist) 0.83%
Texas	Charles A. Culberson	Democratic	1899 1905 1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles A. Culberson (Democratic) 81.3% ▌Alex W. Atcheson (Republican) 13.09% ▌Thomas. A. Hickey (Socialist) 4.99% ▌Edward. H. Conibear (Prohibition) 0.62%[27]
Utah	George Sutherland	Republican	1905 1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y William H. King (Democratic) 56.92% ▌George Sutherland (Republican) 39.93% ▌Christian Poulson (Socialist) 3.16%[28]
Vermont	Carroll S. Page	Republican	1908 (special) 1910	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Carroll S. Page (Republican) 74.41% ▌Oscar C. Miller (Democratic) 23.5% ▌Norman Greenslet (Socialist) 2.1%[29]
Virginia	Claude A. Swanson	Democratic	1910 (appointed) 1911 (appointed) 1912 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Claude A. Swanson (Democratic) Unopposed[30]
Washington	Miles Poindexter	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Miles Poindexter (Republican) 55.39% ▌George Turner (Democratic) 37.06% ▌Bruce Rogers (Socialist) 5.95%[31] Others ▌Joseph Campbell (Prohibition) 1.21% ▌Walter J. Thompson (Progressive) 0.4%
West Virginia	William E. Chilton	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Howard Sutherland (Republican) 50.14% ▌William E. Chilton (Democratic) 48.17% ▌G. A. Gneiser (Socialist) 1.7%[32]
Wisconsin	Robert M. La Follette	Republican	1905 1911	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 59.23% ▌William F. Wolfe (Democratic) 31.9% ▌Richard Elsner (Socialist) 6.85% ▌Charles L. Hill (Prohibition) 2.02%[33]
Wyoming	Clarence D. Clark	Republican	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 51.47% ▌Clarence D. Clark (Republican) 45.47% ▌Paul Paulsen (Socialist) 2.61% ▌Arthur B. Campbell (Prohibition) 0.45%[34]

Eighteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State	Party of winner	Margin
Indiana (special)	Republican (flip)	1.37%
Indiana	Republican (flip)	1.63%
Maryland	Republican (flip)	1.7%
West Virginia	Republican (flip)	1.97%
Missouri	Democratic	3.12%
Ohio	Democratic	3.14%
Connecticut	Republican	3.93%
Nebraska	Democratic	4.1%
Delaware	Democratic (flip)	4.9%
New Mexico	Democratic (flip)	5.06%
Wyoming	Democratic (flip)	6.0%
Massachusetts	Republican	6.37%
Nevada	Democratic	6.53%[e]
Maine	Republican (flip)	6.63%
Montana	Democratic	7.66%
Maine (special)	Republican	8.79%
Rhode Island	Democratic (flip)	8.82%
Tennessee	Democratic	9.67%

1916 United States Senate elections in Arizona

← 1912 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Henry F. Ashurst Joseph Henry Kibbey Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 29,873 21,261 Percentage 55.4% 39.4%   Nominee W. S. Bradford Party Socialist Popular vote 2,827 Percentage 5.2%

Election results by county Ashurst:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Kibbey:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Henry F. Ashurst Democratic Elected U.S. senator Henry F. Ashurst Democratic

Arizona election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry F. Ashurst (incumbent)	29,873	55.36
	Republican	Joseph Henry Kibbey	21,261	39.40
	Socialist	W. S. Bradford	2,827	5.24
Majority			8,612	15.96
Total votes			53,961	100.00
	Democratic hold

1916 United States Senate special election in Arkansas

← 1914 November 7, 1916 1920 →

Nominee William F. Kirby Harmon L. Remmel Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 110,293 48,922 Percentage 69.27% 30.73%

County results Kirby:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Remmel:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election James Paul Clarke Democratic Elected U.S. senator William F. Kirby Democratic

Three-term Democratic Senate President pro tempore James Paul Clarke died October 1, 1916.

Democrat William F. Kirby was elected November 7, 1916, to finish the term. He served only the rest of this term, losing renomination in 1920.

Arkansas special election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William F. Kirby	110,293	69.27
	Republican	Harmon L. Remmel	48,922	30.73
Majority			61,371	38.55
Total votes			159,215	100.00
	Democratic hold

1916 United States Senate election in California

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Hiram Johnson George S. Patton Walter Thomas Mills Party Republican Democratic Socialist Alliance Progressive Popular vote 574,667 277,852 49,341 Percentage 61.09% 29.54% 5.25%

County results Johnson:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80% Patton:      40-50%      50-60%

U.S. senator before election John Downey Works Republican Elected U.S. Senator Hiram Johnson Republican

1916 United States Senate election in California^[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Hiram Johnson	574,667	61.09%
	Democratic	George S. Patton	277,852	29.54%
	Socialist	Walter Thomas Mills	49,341	5.25%
	Prohibition	Marshall W. Atwood	38,797	4.12%
Total votes			907,900	100.00%

1916 United States Senate election in Connecticut

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee George P. McLean Homer Stille Cummings Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 107,020 98,649 Percentage 50.17% 46.24%

County results Municipality results McLean:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90% Cummings:      40–50%      50–60%      60-70%

U.S. senator before election George P. McLean Republican Elected U.S. Senator George P. McLean Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Connecticut^[36]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George P. McLean (inc.)	107,020	50.17%
	Democratic	Homer Stille Cummings	98,649	46.24%
	Socialist	Martin F. Plunkett	5,279	2.48%
	Prohibition	Wilbur G. Manchester	1,768	0.83%
	Socialist Labor	Otto Ruckser	619	0.29%
Total votes			213,335	100.00%
	Republican hold

1916 United States Senate election in Delaware

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Josiah O. Wolcott Henry A. du Pont Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 25,434 22,925 Percentage 49.67% 44.77%

County results Wolcott:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Henry A. du Pont Republican Elected U.S. Senator Josiah O. Wolcott Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Delaware^[37][38]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Josiah O. Wolcott	25,434	49.67%
	Republican	Henry A. du Pont (incumbent)	22,925	44.77%
	Progressive	Hiram R. Burton	2,361	4.61%
	Socialist	William C. Ferris	490	0.96%
Total votes			51,210	100.00%
	Democratic gain from Republican

1916 United States Senate election in Florida

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Park Trammell William R. O'Neal Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 58,391 8,774 Percentage 82.86% 12.45%

County results Trammell:      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election Nathan Philemon Bryan Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Park Trammell Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Florida^[39][40]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Park Trammell	58,391	82.86%
	Republican	William R. O'Neal	8,774	12.45%
	Socialist	R. L. Goodwin	3,304	4.69%
Total votes			70,469	100.00%

There were two elections held November 7, 1916, due to a vacancy. The elections converted both seats from Democratic to Republican, thus marking the first time since the popular-election of Senators was mandated by the Seventeenth Amendment three years earlier that both Senate seats in a state flipped from one party to the other in a single election cycle.

1916 United States Senate special election in Indiana

← 1914 November 7, 1916 1920 →

Nominee James Eli Watson Thomas Taggart Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 335,193 325,577 Percentage 47.66% 46.29%

County results Watson:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Taggart:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Thomas Taggart Democratic Elected U.S. senator James Eli Watson Republican

Indiana election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James Eli Watson	335,193	47.66
	Democratic	Thomas Taggart (incumbent)	325,577	46.29
	Socialist	Edward Henry	21,626	3.08
	Prohibition	William H. Hickman	16,095	2.29
	Progressive	John F. Clifford	4,798	0.68
Total votes			703,289	100.00
	Republican gain from Democratic

Two-term Democrat Benjamin F. Shively was re-elected in 1914 and served until he died March 14, 1916. Democrat Thomas Taggart was appointed by Governor Samuel Ralston on March 20 to continue the term until a November 7, 1916, special election. Taggart lost the special election to Republican James Eli Watson.

Watson would finish out the term, be re-elected twice, and serve until his 1932 re-election loss.

1916 United States Senate election in Indiana

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Harry New John W. Kern Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 337,089 325,588 Percentage 47.77% 46.14%

County results New:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Kern:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election John W. Kern Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Harry New Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Indiana^[41][42]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Harry Stewart New	337,089	47.77%
	Democratic	John W. Kern (incumbent)	325,588	46.14%
	Socialist	Joseph Zimmerman	21,558	3.06%
	Prohibition	Elwood Haynes	15,598	2.21%
	Progressive	John N. Dyer	4,272	0.61%
	Socialist Labor	Ira J. Decker	1,562	0.22%
Total votes			705,667	100.00%
	Republican gain from Democratic

One-term Democrat John W. Kern was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Harry Stewart New.

New served only until losing renomination in 1922. Kern died on August 17, 1917, the same year he left the U.S. Senate.

There were two elections due to a vacancy. Both elections were held September 11, 1916, as Maine routinely held its annual elections in September at the time.

1916 United States Senate special election in Maine

← 1913 September 11, 1916 1918 →

Nominee Bert M. Fernald Kenneth C. Sills Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 81,369 68,201 Percentage 54.27% 45.49%

County results Fernald:      50–60%      60–70% Sillis:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Edwin C. Burleigh Republican Elected U.S. senator Bert M. Fernald Republican

Maine election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Bert M. Fernald	81,369	54.27%
	Democratic	Kenneth C. Sills	68,201	45.49%
	Prohibition	Frederick A. Shepherd	348	2.29%
		Others	11	0.01%
Total votes			149,929	100.00%
	Republican hold

One-term Republican Edwin C. Burleigh was elected in 1913, and died June 16, 1916. Republican Bert M. Fernald was elected September 12, 1916, to finish the term.

Fernand would later be re-elected twice and serve until his 1926 death.

1916 United States Senate election in Maine

← 1911 September 11, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Frederick Hale Charles F. Johnson Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 79,481 69,486 Percentage 52.72% 46.09%

County results Hale:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Johnson:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Charles F. Johnson Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Frederick Hale Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Maine^[43]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Frederick Hale	79,481	52.72%
	Democratic	Charles F. Johnson (incumbent)	69,486	46.09%
	Socialist	James F. Carey	1,510	1.00%
	Prohibition	Arthur C. Johnson	279	0.19%
	Write-in		7	0.01%
Total votes			150,763	100.00%

One-term Democrat Charles Fletcher Johnson was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Frederick Hale.

Hale would later be re-elected three times and serve until his 1935 retirement.

1916 United States Senate election in Maryland

← 1913 (special) November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Joseph I. France David John Lewis Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 113,662 109,740 Percentage 49.32% 47.62%

County results France:      40–50%      50–60% Lewis:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Blair Lee I Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Joseph I. France Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Maryland^[44][45]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Joseph I. France	113,662	49.32%	12.34
	Democratic	David John Lewis	109,740	47.62%	9.13
	Prohibition	James W. Frizzell	3,325	1.44%	0.23
	Socialist	Sylvester L. Young	2,590	1.12%	0.29
	Labor	Robert E. Long	1,143	0.50%	N/A
Total votes			230,460	100.00%

1916 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Henry Cabot Lodge John F. Fitzgerald Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 267,177 234,238 Percentage 51.68% 45.31%

County results Lodge:      50–60%      60–70% Fitzgerald:      50–60%

Senator before election Henry Cabot Lodge Republican Elected Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Republican

1916 United States Senate election in Massachusetts^[46]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Henry Cabot Lodge (incumbent)	267,177	51.68%
	Democratic	John F. Fitzgerald	234,238	45.31%
	Socialist	William N. McDonald	15,558	3.01%
	Write-in	All others	26	0.00%
Total votes			516,999	100.00%

1916 United States Senate election in Michigan

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Charles E. Townsend Lawrence Price Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 364,657 257,954 Percentage 56.34% 39.85%

County results Townsend:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Price:      40–50%

U.S. senator before election Charles E. Townsend Republican Elected U.S. Senator Charles E. Townsend Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Michigan^[47]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Charles E. Townsend (incumbent)	364,657	56.34%
	Democratic	Lawrence Price	257,954	39.85%
	Socialist	Edward O. Foss	15,614	2.41%
	Prohibition	John Y. Johnston	7,569	1.17%
	Socialist Labor	Herman Richter	924	0.14%
	Independent	Henry Ford (write-in)	566	0.09%
Total votes			677,284	100.00%
	Republican hold

1916 United States Senate election in Minnesota

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Frank B. Kellogg Daniel W. Lawler Willis G. Calderwood Party Republican Democratic Prohibition Popular vote 185,159 117,541 78,425 Percentage 48.58% 30.84% 20.58%

County results Kellogg:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Lawler:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Moses E. Clapp Republican Elected U.S. Senator Frank B. Kellogg Republican

General election results^[48]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Frank B. Kellogg	185,159	48.58%
	Democratic	Daniel W. Lawler	117,541	30.84%
	Prohibition	W. G. Calderwood	78,425	20.58%
Total votes			381,125	100.00%
Majority			67,618	17.74%
	Republican hold

1916 United States Senate election in Mississippi

← 1912 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee John Sharp Williams Party Democratic Popular vote 74,290 Percentage 100%

Results by county Williams:      100% No Data/Vote:

U.S. senator before election John Sharp Williams Democratic Elected U.S. senator John Sharp Williams Democratic

Mississippi Democratic primary

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Sharp Williams (incumbent)	74,290	100%
Total votes			74,290	100
	Democratic hold

1916 United States Senate election in Missouri

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee James A. Reed Walter S. Dickey Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 396,166 371,710 Percentage 50.56% 47.44%

Results by county Reed:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Dickey:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election James A. Reed Democratic Elected U.S. Senator James A. Reed Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Missouri^[49]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	James A. Reed (incumbent)	396,166	50.56%
	Republican	Walter S. Dickey	371,710	47.44%
	Socialist	Kate Richards O'Hare	14,654	1.87%
	Socialist Labor	Joseph Scheidler	962	0.12%
Total votes			783,492	100.00%

1916 United States Senate election in Montana

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Henry L. Myers Charles N. Pray Henry La Beau Party Democratic Republican Socialist Popular vote 85,585 72,753 9,292 Percentage 51.06% 43.40% 5.54%

Results by county Myers:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Pray:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Henry L. Myers Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Henry L. Myers Democratic

1916 United States Senate election in Montana^[50]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry L. Myers (incumbent)	85,585	51.06%
	Republican	Charles N. Pray	72,753	43.40%
	Socialist	Henry La Beau	9,292	5.54%
Total votes			167,630	100.00%
	Democratic hold

1916 United States Senate election in Nebraska

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Gilbert Hitchcock John L. Kennedy Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 143,082 131,359 Percentage 49.98% 45.88%

County results Hitchcock:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Kennedy:      40–50%      50–60% Tie:      40–50%

U.S. senator before election Gilbert Hitchcock Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Gilbert Hitchcock Democratic

General election results^[51]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Gilbert Hitchcock (incumbent)	143,082	49.98%
	Republican	John L. Kennedy	131,359	45.88%
	Socialist	E. E. Olmstead	7,425	2.59%
	Prohibition	D. B. Gilbert	4,429	1.55%
Total votes			286,295	100.00%
	Democratic hold

1916 United States Senate election in Nevada

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Key Pittman Samuel Platt Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 12,765 10,618 Percentage 38.81% 32.28%   Nominee Ashley Grant Miller Party Socialist Popular vote 9,507 Percentage 28.91%

County results Pittman:      30–40%      40–50% Platt:      30–40%      40–50% Miller:      30–40%      40–50%

U.S. senator before election Key Pittman Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Key Pittman Democratic

General election results^[52]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Key Pittman (incumbent)	12,765	38.81%
	Republican	Samuel Platt	10,618	32.28%
	Socialist	Ashley Grant Miller	9,507	28.91%
Total votes			32,890	100.00%
	Democratic hold

1916 United States Senate election in New Jersey

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr. James E. Martine Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 244,715 170,019 Percentage 55.99% 38.90%

County results Martine:      40–50%      50–60% Frelinghuysen:      50–60%      60–70%

Senator before election James E. Martine Democratic Elected Senator Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr. Republican

1916 United States Senate election in New Jersey^[53][54]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr.	244,715	55.99%
	Democratic	James E. Martine (incumbent)	170,019	38.90%
	Socialist	William C. Doughty	13,358	3.06%
	Prohibition	Livingston Barbour	7,178	0.11%
	Socialist Labor	Rudolph Katz	1,826	0.42%

1916 United States Senate election in New Mexico

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Andrieus A. Jones Frank A. Hubbell Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 33,981 30,609 Percentage 51.01% 45.95%

County results Jones:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Hubbell:      40–50%      50–60%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Thomas B. Catron Republican Elected U.S. Senator Andrieus A. Jones Democratic

General election results^[55]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Andrieus A. Jones	33,981	51.01%
	Republican	Frank A. Hubbell	30,609	45.95%
	Socialist	W. P. Metcalf	2,028	3.04%
Total votes			66,618	100.00%
	Democratic gain from Republican

1916 United States Senate election in New York

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee William M. Calder William F. McCombs Party Republican Democratic Alliance American Popular vote 839,314 605,933 Percentage 54.32% 39.22%

County results Calder:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70% Patton:      40-50%      50-60%

Senator before election James O'Gorman Democratic Elected Senator William M. Calder Republican

1916 United States Senate election in New York^[56]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William M. Calder	839,314	54.32%
	Democratic	William F. McCombs	605,933	39.22%
	Socialist	Joseph D. Cannon	61,167	3.96%
	Prohibition	D. Leigh Colvin	19,302	1.25%
	Progressive	Bainbridge Colby	15,339	0.99%
	Socialist Labor	August Gillhaus	4,086	0.26%
Total votes			1,545,141	100.00%

1916 United States Senate election in North Dakota

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Porter J. McCumber John Burke Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 57,714 40,988 Percentage 53.85% 38.24%   Nominee E. R. Fry Party Socialist Popular vote 8,472 Percentage 7.91%

County results McCumber:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Burke:      40–50%

U.S. senator before election Porter J. McCumber Republican Elected U.S. Senator Porter J. McCumber Republican

1916 United States Senate election in North Dakota^[57]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Porter J. McCumber (inc.)	57,714	53.85%
	Democratic	John Burke	40,988	38.24%
	Socialist	E. R. Fry	8,472	7.90%
Majority			16,726	15.61%
Total votes			107,174	100.00%
	Republican hold

1916 United States Senate election in Ohio

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Atlee Pomerene Myron Herrick Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 571,488 535,391 Percentage 49.26% 46.15%

County results Pomerene:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Herrick:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Atlee Pomerene Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Atlee Pomerene Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Ohio^[58][59]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Atlee Pomerene (incumbent)	571,488	49.26%
	Republican	Myron Herrick	535,391	46.15%
	Socialist	C. E. Ruthenberg	38,186	3.29%
	Prohibition	Aaron S. Watkins	12,060	1.04%
	Independent	Jacob Coxey	2,965	0.26%
Total votes			1,160,091	100.00%
	Democratic hold

1916 United States Senate elections in Pennsylvania

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Philander C. Knox Ellis L. Orvis Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 680,451 450,112 Percentage 56.3% 37.3%

County results Knox:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Orvis:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election George T. Oliver Republican Elected U.S. Senator Philander C. Knox Republican

General election results^[60]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Philander C. Knox	680,451	56.31
	Democratic	Ellis L. Orvis	450,112	37.25
	Socialist	Charles W. Ervin	45,385	3.76
	Prohibition	Herbert T. Ames	30,089	2.49
	Single Tax	Robert Colvin Macauley, Jr.	1,387	0.12
	Socialist Labor	William H. Thomas	1,022	0.09
Total votes			1,208,446	100.00

1916 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Peter G. Gerry Henry F. Lippitt Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 47,048 39,211 Percentage 52.94% 44.12%

County results Gerry:      50–60% Lippitt:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Henry F. Lippitt Republican Elected U.S. Senator Peter G. Gerry Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Rhode Island^[61]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Peter G. Gerry	47,048	52.94%
	Republican	Henry F. Lippitt (incumbent)	39,211	44.12%
	Socialist	Frederick W. Hurst	1,996	2.25%
	Prohibition	Frank J. Sibley	454	0.51%
	Socialist Labor	Peter McDermott	168	0.19%
Total votes			88,877	100.00%
	Democratic gain from Republican

1916 United States Senate election in Tennessee

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Kenneth McKellar Ben W. Hooper Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 143,718 118,174 Percentage 54.42% 44.75%

County results McKellar:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Hooper:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election Luke Lea Democratic Elected U.S. senator Kenneth McKellar Democratic

1916 U.S. Senate election in Tennessee^[62]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Kenneth McKellar (incumbent)	143,718	54.42%
	Republican	Ben W. Hooper	118,174	44.75%
	Socialist	H. H. Magnum	2,193	0.83%
Total votes			264,085	100.00%
	Democratic hold

Incumbent Democrat Charles Culberson survived a challenge from former Governor Oscar Colquitt in the Democratic primary, then easily won the general election.

1916 United States Senate election in Texas

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Charles Culberson Alex W. Atcheson Thomas A. Hickey Party Democratic Republican Socialist Popular vote 303,035 48,788 18,616 Percentage 81.30% 13.09% 4.99%

County Results[63] Culberson:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Atcheson:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      80–90% No vote:

U.S. senator before election Charles Culberson Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Charles Culberson Democratic

1916 United States Senate election in Texas^[64][65]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charles A. Culberson (incumbent)	303,035	81.30%
	Republican	Alex W. Atcheson	48,788	13.09%
	Socialist	Thomas A. Hickey	18,616	4.99%
	Prohibition	Edward H. Conibear	2,319	0.62%
Total votes			372,758	100.00%
	Democratic hold

1916 United States Senate election in Utah

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee William H. King George Sutherland Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 81,057 56,862 Percentage 56.92% 39.93%

County results King:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Sutherland:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election George Sutherland Republican Elected U.S. Senator William H. King Democratic

General election results^[66]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William H. King	81,057	56.92%
	Republican	George Sutherland (incumbent)	56,862	39.93%
	Socialist	Christian Poulson	4,497	3.16%
	Democratic gain from Republican

1916 United States Senate election in Vermont

← 1910 November 7, 1916 (1916-11-07) 1922 →

Nominee Carroll S. Page Oscar C. Miller Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 47,362 14,956 Percentage 74.4% 23.5%

County results Municipality results Page:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90%      90-100% Miller:      50-60%

U.S. senator before election Carroll S. Page Republican Elected U.S. Senator Carroll S. Page Republican

United States Senate election in Vermont, 1916^[67]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Carroll S. Page (inc.)	47,362	74.4
	Democratic	Oscar C. Miller	14,956	23.5
	Socialist	Norman E. Greenslet	1,336	2.1
Total votes			63,654	100

The 1916 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1916.^[68] It was the second direct election for the U.S. Senate to take place in Vermont following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the first for Vermont's Class I seat. The incumbent, Republican Carroll S. Page successfully ran for re-election to a second full term.^[69]

In the primary election, which was held on September 11, Page gained re-nomination by winning 62 percent of the vote to defeat former governor Allen M. Fletcher (20.3) and current governor Charles W. Gates (17.7).^[70]

With the Republican Party dominant in Vermont, as it had been since its founding in the 1850s, Democratic candidate Oscar C. Miller was little more than a token opponent for Page.^[71] In the general election, Page defeated Miller 74.4 percent to 23.5.^[69]

1916 United States Senate election in Virginia

← 1912 (special) November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Claude A. Swanson Party Democratic Popular vote 133,061 Percentage 100.0%

U.S. senator before election Claude A. Swanson Democratic Elected U.S. senator Claude A. Swanson Democratic

Virginia election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Claude A. Swanson (incumbent)	133,061	100.00
Total votes			133,061	100.00
	Democratic hold

1916 United States Senate election in Washington

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Miles Poindexter George Turner Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 202,287 135,339 Percentage 55.4% 37.1%   Nominee Bruce Rogers Party Socialist Popular vote 21,709 Percentage 6.0%

County results Poindexter:      40–50%      50–60%     60–70% Turner:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Miles Poindexter Republican Elected U.S. senator Miles Poindexter Republican

Washington election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Miles Poindexter (incumbent)	202,287	55.39
	Democratic	George Turner	135,339	37.06
	Socialist	Bruce Rogers	21,709	5.95
	Prohibition	Joseph A. Campbell	4,411	1.21
	Progressive	Walter J. Thompson	1,442	0.40
Majority			66,948	18.33
Total votes			365,188	100.00
	Republican hold

1916 United S