State Police (Albania)

Albanian State Police Policia e Shtetit Shqiptar
Patch of the State Police
Flag of the State Police
Common name	Policia
Agency overview
Formed	13 January 1913
Preceding agency	Gendarmerie (1925–1939) People's Police (1945–1991)
Employees	~ 10,958[1][2]
Jurisdictional structure
National agency	Albania
Operations jurisdiction	Albania
Size	28,748 km2
Population	2,793,592
Governing body	Government of Albania
Constituting instrument	Law on "State Police"
General nature	Local civilian police
Operational structure
Overseen by	Ministry of Internal Affairs
Headquarters	Bajram Curri Boulevard, Tirana
Minister responsible	Ervin Hoxha, Minister
Agency executive	Ilir Proda[3], Director General
Website
asp.gov.al

The Albanian State Police (Albanian: Policia e Shtetit) is the national police and law enforcement agency which operates throughout the Republic of Albania. The collapse of the Communist system and the establishment of political pluralism post-1991 brought important changes to the structure of the Albanian Police. The Ministry of Public Order and the General Directorate of Police were established in April 1991, and the new law of July 1991 established the Public Order Police. Nearly 80% of police manpower, i.e. personnel who had served under the previous system, were replaced by new recruits. On 4 November 1991, the Albanian Police was accepted as a member of Interpol.

The original Albanian Police was founded on 13 January 1913 by the government of Ismail Qemali, Albania's first prime minister.^[4]

Following the collapse of the Albanian economy in January–February 1997 in the wake of the implosion of the Ponzi pyramid banking schemes promoted by the government,^[5] increasing insurgency in early March led to the Police and Republican Guard deserting en masse because it became clear they were unlikely to be paid, leaving their armouries unlocked,^[6] which were promptly looted by parties unknown, believed to mostly have been the local crime bodies and self-appointed militias: many of the weapons eventually surfaced in the ethnic fighting in Kosovo.

The resulting anarchy led a number of nations to use military forces to evacuate citizens,^[7][8] culminating in the UN authorising Operation Alba ("Daybreak"), a short-term military stabilisation force led by the Italian Army, tasked with facilitating the repatriation of foreigners and laying the foundations for another International Organisation to undertake the longer-term restabilisation. The political debate eventually settled in Europe within the body responsible for the defence diplomatic coordination of the Continent, the Council of the Western European Union. In a 2-hour meeting which convened at 1400 hrs on 2 May 1997,^[9] the WEU Council decided on the immediate establishment of the Multinational Advisory Police Element, sending a pathfinder officer, a Norwegian Police Colonel, the same evening. The Italian force in Operation Alba predicated the Command structure of MAPE passing into the Italian Carabinieri, General Pietro Pistolese, previously commanding the Genoa region, bringing his team with him. Four phases followed, assessment, reconstruction, support of the Albanian Police control during the Kosovo Crisis, and finally build-down and handback in early 2001, which was somewhat accelerated ahead of the transfer of the WEU's operational responsibilities to the Council of the EU on 30 June 2001. The reconstruction principally involved the reconstruction of the Judicial system and the training of Police, but the Finance section also accommodated economic specialists acting as the principal feedback into the correction of the Judicial system. The Command Team later formed the core of the European Union Border Assistance Mission Rafah from 2005 onwards.

According to a survey produced in 2009 for the United States Agency for International Development Albanian's perception of the police was as follows:^[10]

• On a scale of 0–100 with 0 being Very Honest and 100 being Very Corrupt, Policemen were given a score of 63.1 points
• When asked to what extent the police help to fight corruption, 0 being Not at All and 100 being Helps a Lot, the Police were given a score of 45.5
• When asked about trust in institutions, 0 being No Trust at All and 100 being Trust a Lot, the Police were given a score of 47.8
• When asked if during the previous year they had been asked for a bribe 7.8% said Yes
• "When asked how they were treated by the police, the proportion of respondents that replied "Poorly" or "Very poorly" was 26.6%, a decrease of 10.9 percentage points from 37.5% in 2005"

Given that this was within eight years of the departure of the MAPE rebuilding mission, great concern must be expressed about the capacity of the police force to maintain the legal norms required of an aspirant EU State.

In 2014, the Ministry of Internal Affairs started a modernization process of the Albanian police, to modernize its equipment and methods. The first step was the acquisition of new police vans and cruisers, the next one was the installment of body cameras on police officers to improve their service and to be analysed after an operation. Uniforms of the every uniformed department of the Albanian police were overhauled and the logo was also changed.^{[citation needed]}

Several operations were held from the years 2014 to 2016, in various criminally active regions of Albania (i.e. Lazarat) to restore confidence and belief of the Albanian public to support the actions of police. Body cameras are becoming an integral part of the Albanian police, used on various drug busts and high-profile operations, released afterwards to the public.^{[citation needed]}

In 2015, the State Police underwent reorganizational reforms which were expected to continue for several years.^[11] It implemented a new hierarchical structure composed of nine hierarchic ranks.^[12][13]

	Director				Commissioner
Albanian Police[12][13]
	Chief director Drejtues Madhor	Senior director Drejtues i Lartë	First director Drejtues i Parë	Director Drejtues	Chief commissioner Kryekomisar	Commissioner Komisar	Sub- commissioner Nënkomisar	Inspector Inspektor	Cadet Kursantë

Patch	Branch unit
	Policia e Rendit The Order Police is tasked to deal with issues of Public Order, assist and help local population.
	Policia Kufitare dhe Migracionit The Border Police is in charge of migration and border control.
	Policia Rrugore The Road Police administers road safety and Enforces Traffic Regulations.
	FNSH The Rapid Intervention Force is the quick intervention unit dealing mostly with cases of violent riots, special operations, etc.
	Shqiponjat The Eagles are a rapid intervention unit that handles domestic criminal activities.
	RENEA The Department of Neutralization of Armed Elements is the main counter-terrorism and critical incident response unit.
	DFPO Directorate of the Special Operational Force is the main Criminal Police Special Force similar to RENEA.

Albanian State Police has much Communist era equipment left in its storage, still in use today. However, since 2014 ASP (Albanian State Police) has been modernizing its uniforms, vehicles and weapons, introducing newer Western equipment to replace their Soviet era equipment.

The Albanian State Police uniforms have undergone several changes since 1991. Some visible changes are:

Since 2017 Government of Albania has been contracting with multiple countries, purchasing brand new weapons to replace their old Communist era weapons.

Weapon	Origin	Status
TT-33	Soviet Union	Semi-Retired from Service
Makarov PM	Soviet Union	Semi-Retired from Service
Glock 17	Austria
Beretta 92	Italy
Beretta PX4 Storm	Italy
Beretta APX	Italy
Heckler & Koch MP5	Germany
Heckler & Koch UMP	Germany
Heckler & Koch MP7	Germany
AKM	Soviet Union
ASh-82	Albania	Semi-Retired from Service
Beretta ARX 160	Italy
HS Produkt VHS	Croatia
Heckler & Koch HK417	Germany
Sako TRG M10	Finland
Sako TRG-42	Finland
RPK machine gun	Soviet Union
RPD machine gun	Soviet Union

Plenty of vehicles have been bought from the Albanian Government, what is most surprising is the diversity when purchasing vehicles. While many police forces around the world, usually tend to stick with 2-3 car brands in their fleets, Albania has been known to have numerous car brands in their police fleets, with the most popular car brand being Hyundai. Here is a full list of the vehicles used and currently used by Albanian State Police since 2010:

• Aprilia RS660
• Ford Focus
• Ford Transit Custom
• Chevrolet Aveo (retired from service)
• Volkswagen e-Golf
• Volkswagen Transporter
• Hyundai Accent (semi-retired from service)
• Hyundai Santa Fe
• Hyundai i800 (semi-retired from service)
• Hyundai Kona
• Hyundai Tucson
• Dacia Sandero
• BMW 5 Series
• BMW R 1250 RT
• Mercedes-Benz GLC 63 Coupe
• Mercedes-Benz E-Class
• Mercedes-Benz GLA
• Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
• Audi A6
• Škoda Octavia
• Iveco VM 90
• Land Rover Defender 4x4
• Land Rover Discovery
• Mil Mi-8 (air support)
• Zodiac Nautic (Sea Patrol, in use by Special Police Forces)

• Law enforcement in Albania
• General Directorate of Civil Emergencies
• Sigurimi
• Albanian police raids MEK camps