DIN 91379

The DIN standard DIN 91379: "Characters and defined character sequences in Unicode for the electronic processing of names and data exchange in Europe, with CD-ROM"[1] defines a normative subset of Unicode Latin characters, sequences of base characters and diacritic signs, and special characters for use in names of persons, legal entities, products, addresses etc. The standard defines a normative mapping of Latin letters to base letters A-Z as an extension of the recommendations of ICAO.[2]

In the informative part of the standard, a set of extended characters is defined, which includes Greek and Cyrillic letters as well as other special characters for names of legal entities and product names.

Languages and scripts supported

[edit]

The subset supports all official languages of European Union countries as well as the official languages of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and also the German minority languages.

To support other languages that do not use the Latin writing system, the set of normative letters contains all combinations of Latin letters with diacritical marks that are necessary for the transliteration of names into the Latin writing system according to the ISO standards relevant at the time of publication.[a]

The standard supports the necessary characters for entries in the civil status registers. According to the Law on the Convention of September 13, 1973 on the recording of surnames and forenames in civil status registers[3][4] information in Latin characters is to be taken over true to the letter with all diacritic marks and information in other characters is to be reproduced by transliteration, if possible in accordance with ISO standards.

This support is not complete; for non-European languages that use Latin script, for example Vietnamese is supported, but not, for example, the South African official language Tshivenda (ḓ, ḽ, ṋ, ṱ are missing), the Namibian national language Khoekhoegowab (the click sounds are missing) or Tongan (the fakauʻa is missing). Although the characters mentioned in brackets appear in personal names in the respective countries, the standard does not mention any transliteration rules or mapping rules for writing names in basic Latin letters.

In addition to the normative characters the standard defines subsets of extended characters that contain modern Greek letters for Greece and Cyprus, Cyrillic letters for Bulgaria and special characters for names of products and legal entities.

Conforming applications may support additional characters, however for interface agreements or registers it may be appropriate to support only a final subset of characters and sequences based on this standard.[5]

The text of the predecessor, DIN SPEC 91379,[6] explanations and lists of characters and sequences as Excel and XML files can be found in Koordinierungsstelle für IT-Standards (KoSIT).[5] This reference contains also an XML schema file with patterns to check conformance of text to subsets defined in this standard. Lists of characters and sequences of DIN SPEC 91379 and DIN 91379 as plain text files are available via GitHub in DIN 91379 Characters and Sequences.[7] The DIN contains few additional characters and sequences.[7][1]

Application of the standard

[edit]

The compliance to this standard will be mandatory for German authorities and organisations in the exchange of data between authorities or with citizens and business from Nov 1, 2024.[8]

The architecture guideline for German federal IT demands in the version from July 2022 the usage of the predecessor DIN SPEC 91379.[9]

Continuous text and historic letters are not in the scope of this norm.[1]

Structure of the standard

[edit]

The DIN standard consists of a normative[10] and an informative[10] part.

The requirements in the normative part are binding for all compliant systems. In the normative part, the letters for processing names with basic Latin letters and diacritics are specified. All compliant systems must support these letters. Furthermore, a mapping of the normative letters to the basic Latin letters A-Z is defined.

A compliant system may support additional letters in addition to the normative letters.

The recommendations in the informative part are not binding for compliant systems. The informative part determines a UNICODE subset of extended letters, e.g. for legal entities, product names and for data exchange in the EU. In addition the informative part defines data types that can be used for checking data fields.

Normative part

[edit]

Compliance

[edit]

To be compliant to this norm, it is required to

  • support all normative letters and sequences at all processing stages,
  • use the encoding UTF-8 at interfaces, and
  • normalize the characters according to Unicode normalization form C (NFC).[1]

Normative letters

[edit]

Any conforming IT system must be able to process the normative letters in all name fields. This includes the collection, storage, transmission, display, and printout.

The normative character groups are given below. The associated characters can also be found in DIN 91379 Characters and Sequences for machine processing.[7] The following tables of characters were generated from the XML file chars.xml in the DIN appendix.

Latin letters (bll)

[edit]

These letters must be supported to represent names, especially personal names.

Table: Latin Letters (bll)
Code Points Name Glyph
0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A A
0041 030B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B B
0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C C
0043 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0043 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING MACRON
0043 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING BREVE
0043 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS
0043 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
0043 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW
0043 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
0043 0328 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING OGONEK AND COMBINING BREVE C̨̆
0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D D
0044 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E E
0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F F
0046 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0046 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH COMBINING MACRON
0047 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G G
0047 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H H
0048 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH COMBINING MACRON
0048 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
0048 0331 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH COMBINING MACRON BELOW
0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I I
004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J J
004A 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
004A 030C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH COMBINING CARON
004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K K
004B 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
004B 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
004B 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING MACRON
004B 0307 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOT ABOVE
004B 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
004B 031B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING HORN
004B 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
004B 035F 0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW AND LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H K͟H
004B 035F 0068 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW AND LATIN SMALL LETTER H K͟h
004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L L
004C 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
004C 0325 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH COMBINING RING BELOW
004C 0325 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH COMBINING RING BELOW AND COMBINING MACRON L̥̄
004C 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M M
004D 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
004D 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
004D 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH COMBINING BREVE
004D 0310 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH COMBINING CANDRABINDU
004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N N
004E 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
004E 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH COMBINING MACRON
004E 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH COMBINING BREVE
004E 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O O
0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P P
0050 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0050 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH COMBINING MACRON
0050 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
0050 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW
0051 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q Q
0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R R
0052 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH COMBINING BREVE
0052 0325 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH COMBINING RING BELOW
0052 0325 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH COMBINING RING BELOW AND COMBINING MACRON R̥̄
0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S S
0053 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0053 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMBINING MACRON
0053 031B 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMBINING HORN AND COMBINING MACRON S̛̄
0053 0331 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMBINING MACRON BELOW
0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T T
0054 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0054 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING MACRON
0054 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS
0054 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
0054 031B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING HORN
0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U U
0055 0307 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH COMBINING DOT ABOVE
0056 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V V
0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W W
0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X X
0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y Y
005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z Z
005A 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
005A 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING MACRON
005A 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING BREVE
005A 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS
005A 0327 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING CEDILLA
0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A a
0061 030B LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
0062 LATIN SMALL LETTER B b
0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C c
0063 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0063 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING MACRON
0063 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING BREVE
0063 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS
0063 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
0063 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW
0063 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
0063 0328 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING OGONEK AND COMBINING BREVE c̨̆
0064 LATIN SMALL LETTER D d
0064 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E e
0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F f
0066 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0066 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH COMBINING MACRON
0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G g
0067 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H h
0068 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH COMBINING MACRON
0068 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I i
006A LATIN SMALL LETTER J j
006A 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
006B LATIN SMALL LETTER K k
006B 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
006B 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
006B 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING MACRON
006B 0307 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOT ABOVE
006B 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
006B 031B LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING HORN
006B 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
006B 035F 0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW AND LATIN SMALL LETTER H k͟h
006C LATIN SMALL LETTER L l
006C 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
006C 0325 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH COMBINING RING BELOW
006C 0325 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH COMBINING RING BELOW AND COMBINING MACRON l̥̄
006C 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M m
006D 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
006D 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
006D 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH COMBINING BREVE
006D 0310 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH COMBINING CANDRABINDU
006E LATIN SMALL LETTER N n
006E 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
006E 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH COMBINING MACRON
006E 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH COMBINING BREVE
006E 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW
006F LATIN SMALL LETTER O o
0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P p
0070 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0070 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH COMBINING MACRON
0070 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
0070 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW
0071 LATIN SMALL LETTER Q q
0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R r
0072 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH COMBINING BREVE
0072 0325 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH COMBINING RING BELOW
0072 0325 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH COMBINING RING BELOW AND COMBINING MACRON r̥̄
0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S s
0073 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0073 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMBINING MACRON
0073 031B 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMBINING HORN AND COMBINING MACRON s̛̄
0073 0331 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMBINING MACRON BELOW
0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T t
0074 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
0074 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMBINING MACRON
0074 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
0074 031B LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMBINING HORN
0075 LATIN SMALL LETTER U u
0075 0307 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH COMBINING DOT ABOVE
0076 LATIN SMALL LETTER V v
0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W w
0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X x
0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y y
007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z z
007A 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
007A 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING MACRON
007A 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING BREVE
007A 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS
007A 0327 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING CEDILLA
00C0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE À
00C1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE Á
00C2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX Â
00C3 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE Ã
00C4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS Ä
00C5 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE Å
00C6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE Æ
00C7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA Ç
00C7 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA WITH COMBINING BREVE Ç̆
00C8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE È
00C9 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE É
00CA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ê
00CB LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS Ë
00CC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE Ì
00CD LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE Í
00CE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX Î
00CF LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS Ï
00D0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH Ð
00D1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE Ñ
00D2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE Ò
00D3 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE Ó
00D4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ô
00D5 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE Õ
00D6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS Ö
00D8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE Ø
00D9 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE Ù
00DA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE Ú
00DB LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX Û
00DB 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX WITH COMBINING MACRON Û̄
00DC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS Ü
00DD LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE Ý
00DE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN Þ
00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S ß
00E0 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE à
00E1 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE á
00E2 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX â
00E3 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE ã
00E4 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS ä
00E5 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE å
00E6 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE æ
00E7 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA ç
00E7 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA WITH COMBINING BREVE ç̆
00E8 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE è
00E9 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE é
00EA LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX ê
00EB LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS ë
00EC LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE ì
00ED LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE í
00EE LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX î
00EF LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS ï
00F0 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH ð
00F1 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE ñ
00F2 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE ò
00F3 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE ó
00F4 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX ô
00F5 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE õ
00F6 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS ö
00F8 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE ø
00F9 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE ù
00FA LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE ú
00FB LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX û
00FB 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX WITH COMBINING MACRON û̄
00FC LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS ü
00FD LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE ý
00FE LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN þ
00FF LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS ÿ
00FF 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT ÿ́
0100 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON Ā
0101 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON ā
0102 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE Ă
0103 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE ă
0104 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH OGONEK Ą
0105 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK ą
0106 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH ACUTE Ć
0107 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE ć
0108 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ĉ
0109 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX ĉ
010A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE Ċ
010B LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE ċ
010C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON Č
010C 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT Č̕
010C 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW Č̣
010D LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON č
010D 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT č̕
010D 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW č̣
010E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON Ď
010F LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON ď
0110 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE Đ
0111 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE đ
0112 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON Ē
0113 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON ē
0113 030D LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ē̍
0114 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH BREVE Ĕ
0115 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH BREVE ĕ
0116 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE Ė
0117 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE ė
0118 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK Ę
0119 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK ę
011A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CARON Ě
011B LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON ě
011C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ĝ
011D LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX ĝ
011E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE Ğ
011F LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE ğ
0120 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE Ġ
0121 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE ġ
0122 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA Ģ
0123 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA ģ
0124 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ĥ
0125 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX ĥ
0126 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH STROKE Ħ
0127 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE ħ
0128 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE Ĩ
0129 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE ĩ
012A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON Ī
012A 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT Ī́
012B LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON ī
012B 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT ī́
012C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH BREVE Ĭ
012D LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH BREVE ĭ
012E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK Į
012F LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK į
0130 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE İ
0131 LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I ı
0132 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ IJ
0133 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ ij
0134 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ĵ
0135 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX ĵ
0136 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA Ķ
0137 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA ķ
0138 LATIN SMALL LETTER KRA ĸ
0139 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH ACUTE Ĺ
013A LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH ACUTE ĺ
013B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA Ļ
013C LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA ļ
013D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON Ľ
013E LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON ľ
013F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT Ŀ
0140 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT ŀ
0141 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH STROKE Ł
0142 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE ł
0143 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH ACUTE Ń
0144 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE ń
0145 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA Ņ
0146 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA ņ
0147 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CARON Ň
0148 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON ň
0149 LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE ʼn
014A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ENG Ŋ
014B LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG ŋ
014C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON Ō
014D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON ō
014D 030D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ō̍
014E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH BREVE Ŏ
014F LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH BREVE ŏ
0150 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE Ő
0151 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE ő
0152 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE Œ
0153 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE œ
0154 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH ACUTE Ŕ
0155 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE ŕ
0156 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA Ŗ
0157 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA ŗ
0158 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON Ř
0159 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON ř
015A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE Ś
015B LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE ś
015C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ŝ
015D LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX ŝ
015E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA Ş
015F LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA ş
0160 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON Š
0161 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON š
0162 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA Ţ
0163 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA ţ
0164 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CARON Ť
0165 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON ť
0166 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH STROKE Ŧ
0167 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE ŧ
0168 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE Ũ
0169 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE ũ
016A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON Ū
016B LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON ū
016C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH BREVE Ŭ
016D LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE ŭ
016E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE Ů
016F LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE ů
0170 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE Ű
0171 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE ű
0172 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK Ų
0173 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK ų
0174 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ŵ
0175 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX ŵ
0176 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ŷ
0177 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX ŷ
0178 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS Ÿ
0179 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE Ź
017A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE ź
017B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE Ż
017C LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE ż
017D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON Ž
017D 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW Ž̦
017D 0327 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON WITH COMBINING CEDILLA Ž̧
017E LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON ž
017E 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW ž̦
017E 0327 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON WITH COMBINING CEDILLA ž̧
0187 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH HOOK Ƈ
0188 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK ƈ
018F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA Ə
0197 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH STROKE Ɨ
01A0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN Ơ
01A1 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN ơ
01AF LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN Ư
01B0 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN ư
01B7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH Ʒ
01CD LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CARON Ǎ
01CE LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CARON ǎ
01CF LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CARON Ǐ
01D0 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CARON ǐ
01D1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CARON Ǒ
01D2 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CARON ǒ
01D3 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CARON Ǔ
01D4 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CARON ǔ
01D5 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON Ǖ
01D6 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON ǖ
01D7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE Ǘ
01D8 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE ǘ
01D9 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON Ǚ
01DA LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON ǚ
01DB LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE Ǜ
01DC LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE ǜ
01DE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON Ǟ
01DF LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON ǟ
01E2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON Ǣ
01E3 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON ǣ
01E4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH STROKE Ǥ
01E5 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE ǥ
01E6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CARON Ǧ
01E7 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON ǧ
01E8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CARON Ǩ
01E9 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON ǩ
01EA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK Ǫ
01EB LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK ǫ
01EC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON Ǭ
01ED LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON ǭ
01EE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH WITH CARON Ǯ
01EF LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON ǯ
01F0 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CARON ǰ
01F4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH ACUTE Ǵ
01F5 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH ACUTE ǵ
01F8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH GRAVE Ǹ
01F9 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE ǹ
01FA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE Ǻ
01FB LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE ǻ
01FC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE Ǽ
01FD LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE ǽ
01FE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE Ǿ
01FF LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE ǿ
0212 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE Ȓ
0213 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE ȓ
0218 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW Ș
0219 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW ș
021A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW Ț
021B LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW ț
021E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CARON Ȟ
021F LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CARON ȟ
0227 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE ȧ
0228 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA Ȩ
0229 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA ȩ
022A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON Ȫ
022B LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON ȫ
022C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON Ȭ
022D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON ȭ
022E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE Ȯ
022F LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE ȯ
0230 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON Ȱ
0231 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON ȱ
0232 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON Ȳ
0233 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON ȳ
0259 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA ə
0268 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE ɨ
0292 LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH ʒ
1E02 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE
1E03 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE
1E06 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH LINE BELOW
1E07 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH LINE BELOW
1E0A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH DOT ABOVE
1E0B LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT ABOVE
1E0C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW
1E0D LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW
1E0E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH LINE BELOW
1E0F LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH LINE BELOW
1E10 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA
1E11 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA
1E17 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE
1E1C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE
1E1D LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE
1E1E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE
1E1F LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE
1E20 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH MACRON
1E21 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH MACRON
1E22 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DOT ABOVE
1E23 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT ABOVE
1E24 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOW
1E25 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOW
1E26 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DIAERESIS
1E27 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DIAERESIS
1E28 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA
1E29 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA
1E2A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW
1E2B LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW
1E2F LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE
1E30 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH ACUTE
1E31 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH ACUTE
1E32 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW
1E32 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON Ḳ̄
1E33 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW
1E33 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON ḳ̄
1E34 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH LINE BELOW
1E35 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH LINE BELOW
1E36 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW
1E37 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW
1E3A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH LINE BELOW
1E3B LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH LINE BELOW
1E40 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH DOT ABOVE
1E41 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT ABOVE
1E42 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOW
1E43 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOW
1E44 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE
1E45 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE
1E46 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW
1E47 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW
1E48 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW
1E49 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW
1E52 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE
1E53 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE
1E54 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH ACUTE
1E55 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH ACUTE
1E56 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE
1E57 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE
1E58 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT ABOVE
1E59 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT ABOVE
1E5A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW
1E5B LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW
1E5E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW
1E5F LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW
1E60 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE
1E61 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE
1E62 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW
1E62 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON Ṣ̄
1E63 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW
1E63 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON ṣ̄
1E6A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE
1E6B LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE
1E6C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW
1E6C 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON Ṭ̄
1E6D LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW
1E6D 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON ṭ̄
1E6E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH LINE BELOW
1E6F LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH LINE BELOW
1E80 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH GRAVE
1E81 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH GRAVE
1E82 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH ACUTE
1E83 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH ACUTE
1E84 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS
1E85 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS
1E86 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DOT ABOVE
1E87 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DOT ABOVE
1E8C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X WITH DIAERESIS
1E8D LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH DIAERESIS
1E8E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE
1E8F LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE
1E90 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX
1E91 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX
1E92 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW
1E93 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW
1E94 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH LINE BELOW
1E95 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH LINE BELOW
1E96 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH LINE BELOW
1E97 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAERESIS
1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S
1EA0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW
1EA0 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS Ạ̈
1EA1 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW
1EA1 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS ạ̈
1EA2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH HOOK ABOVE
1EA3 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH HOOK ABOVE
1EA4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE
1EA5 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE
1EA6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE
1EA7 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE
1EA8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE
1EA9 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE
1EAA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE
1EAB LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE
1EAC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW
1EAD LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW
1EAE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE
1EAF LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE
1EB0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE
1EB1 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE
1EB2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND HOOK ABOVE
1EB3 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND HOOK ABOVE
1EB4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE
1EB5 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE
1EB6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOW
1EB7 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOW
1EB8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW
1EB9 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW
1EBA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH HOOK ABOVE
1EBB LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH HOOK ABOVE
1EBC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH TILDE
1EBD LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE
1EBE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE
1EBF LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE ế
1EC0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE
1EC1 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE
1EC2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE
1EC3 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE
1EC4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE
1EC5 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE
1EC6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW
1EC7 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW
1EC8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE
1EC9 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE
1ECA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOW
1ECB LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOW
1ECC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW
1ECC 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS Ọ̈
1ECD LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW
1ECD 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS ọ̈
1ECE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HOOK ABOVE
1ECF LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HOOK ABOVE
1ED0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE
1ED1 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE
1ED2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE
1ED3 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE
1ED4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE
1ED5 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE
1ED6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE
1ED7 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE
1ED8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW
1ED9 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW
1EDA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE
1EDB LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE
1EDC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE
1EDD LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE
1EDE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE
1EDF LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE
1EE0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE
1EE1 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE
1EE2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW
1EE3 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW
1EE4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW
1EE4 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON Ụ̄
1EE4 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS Ụ̈
1EE5 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW
1EE5 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON ụ̄
1EE5 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS ụ̈
1EE6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HOOK ABOVE
1EE7 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HOOK ABOVE
1EE8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE
1EE9 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE
1EEA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE
1EEB LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE
1EEC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE
1EED LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE
1EEE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE
1EEF LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE
1EF0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW
1EF1 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW
1EF2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE
1EF3 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE
1EF4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOW
1EF5 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOW
1EF6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK ABOVE
1EF7 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK ABOVE
1EF8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH TILDE
1EF9 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH TILDE

Non-letters N1 (bnlreq)

[edit]

These characters must be supported to represent names, especially personal names.

Table: Non-Letters N1 (bnlreq)
Code Points Name Glyph
0020 SPACE
0027 APOSTROPHE '
002C COMMA ,
002D HYPHEN-MINUS -
002E FULL STOP .
0060 GRAVE ACCENT '
007E TILDE ~
00A8 DIAERESIS ¨
00B4 ACUTE ACCENT '
00B7 MIDDLE DOT ·
02B9 MODIFIER LETTER PRIME ʹ
02BA MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME ʺ
02BE MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING ʾ
02BF MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING ʿ
02C8 MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE ˈ
02CC MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE ˌ
2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
2021 DOUBLE DAGGER

Non-letters N2 (bnl)

[edit]

These characters must be supported to represent names in a broader sense, e. g. place names, street names, house numbers, legal entity names, and product names. They are not suitable for personal names.

Table: Non-Letters N2 (bnl)
Code Points Name Glyph
0021 EXCLAMATION MARK !
0022 QUOTATION MARK "
0023 NUMBER SIGN #
0024 DOLLAR SIGN $
0025 PERCENT SIGN %
0026 AMPERSAND &
0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS (
0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS )
002A ASTERISK *
002B PLUS SIGN +
002F SOLIDUS /
0030 DIGIT ZERO 0
0031 DIGIT ONE 1
0032 DIGIT TWO 2
0033 DIGIT THREE 3
0034 DIGIT FOUR 4
0035 DIGIT FIVE 5
0036 DIGIT SIX 6
0037 DIGIT SEVEN 7
0038 DIGIT EIGHT 8
0039 DIGIT NINE 9
003A COLON :
003B SEMICOLON ;
003C LESS-THAN SIGN <
003D EQUALS SIGN =
003E GREATER-THAN SIGN >
003F QUESTION MARK ?
0040 COMMERCIAL AT @
005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET [
005C REVERSE SOLIDUS \
005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET ]
005E CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT ^
005F LOW LINE _
007B LEFT CURLY BRACKET {
007C VERTICAL LINE |
007D RIGHT CURLY BRACKET }
00A1 INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK ¡
00A2 CENT SIGN ¢
00A3 POUND SIGN £
00A5 YEN SIGN ¥
00A7 SECTION SIGN §
00A9 COPYRIGHT SIGN ©
00AA FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR ª
00AB LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK «
00AC NOT SIGN ¬
00AE REGISTERED SIGN ®
00AF MACRON ¯
00B0 DEGREE SIGN °
00B1 PLUS-MINUS SIGN ±
00B2 SUPERSCRIPT TWO ²
00B3 SUPERSCRIPT THREE ³
00B5 MICRO SIGN µ
00B6 PILCROW SIGN
00B9 SUPERSCRIPT ONE ¹
00BA MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR º
00BB RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK »
00BF INVERTED QUESTION MARK ¿
00D7 MULTIPLICATION SIGN ×
00F7 DIVISION SIGN ÷
20AC EURO SIGN

Non-letters N3 (bnlopt)

[edit]

These letters are included for backwards compatibility with the standard Latin characters in Unicode. Version 1.1.1.[11]

They are not relevant for personal names or other names, only for legal entity names and product names.

Table: Non-Letters N3 (bnlopt)
Code Points Name Glyph
00A4 CURRENCY SIGN ¤
00A6 BROKEN BAR ¦
00B8 CEDILLA ¸
00BC VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER 14
00BD VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF 12
00BE VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS 34

Non-letters N4 (bnlnot)

[edit]

These whitespace letters are unsuitable for representing names, but they must be processed.

The letter NO-BREAK SPACE is necessary to prevent a line break in special names that could change the meaning. The other letters are included for backwards compatibility with the standard Latin characters in Unicode. Version 1.1.1.[11]

Table: Non-Letters N4 (bnlnot)
Code Points Name
0009 CHARACTER TABULATION
000A LINE FEED (LF)
000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)
00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE

Deprecated letters

[edit]

Existing documents and register entries contain deprecated letters that are no longer used today. These letters must be supported by compliant IT systems. When creating new entries, deprecated letters should not be used.

Table: Deprecated Letters
Deprecated Replacement
Code Points Name Glyph Glyph Code Points Name
0113 030D LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ē̍ ī́ 012B 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
013F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT Ŀ 004C 00B7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L + MIDDLE DOT
0140 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT ŀ 006C 00B7 LATIN SMALL LETTER L + MIDDLE DOT
0149 LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE ʼn 'n 0027 006E APOSTROPHE + LATIN SMALL LETTER N
014D 030D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ō̍ 1E53 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE
1E17 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE ī́ 012B 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
030D COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ̍ ́ 0301 COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT

Normative mapping of Latin letters to basic letters (search form)

[edit]

A normative mapping of all normative letters to the basic Latin letters A–Z is given below. This mapping is required, for example, for the machine-readable zone of passports. Another application is the creation of search forms, so that names can be found even if they are spelled differently or without specifying the diacritics.

The following table is based on table 9 of DIN 91379 and chapter 6, table A of the ICAO specifications for machine-readable travel documents.[2] The table was created with the information from the XML file chars.xml in the DIN 91379 appendix.

Entries that appear in the ICAO specification and in table 9 of DIN are marked with ICAO in the Mapping column, additional entries in table 9 of the DIN are marked with EXT. In the Type column, ID is specified for entries that describe an identity mapping, and MAP for other mappings.

Table: Mapping of Latin letters to basic letters (search form)
Source Destination Information
Code Points Name Glyph Code Points Glyph Mapping Type
0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A A 0041 A EXT ID
0041 030B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 0041 A EXT MAP
0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B B 0042 B EXT ID
0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C C 0043 C EXT ID
0043 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0043 C EXT MAP
0043 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING MACRON 0043 C EXT MAP
0043 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING BREVE 0043 C EXT MAP
0043 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS 0043 C EXT MAP
0043 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT 0043 C EXT MAP
0043 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW 0043 C EXT MAP
0043 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 0043 C EXT MAP
0043 0328 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH COMBINING OGONEK AND COMBINING BREVE C̨̆ 0043 C EXT MAP
0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D D 0044 D EXT ID
0044 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 0044 D EXT MAP
0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E E 0045 E EXT ID
0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F F 0046 F EXT ID
0046 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0046 F EXT MAP
0046 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH COMBINING MACRON 0046 F EXT MAP
0047 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G G 0047 G EXT ID
0047 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0047 G EXT MAP
0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H H 0048 H EXT ID
0048 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH COMBINING MACRON 0048 H EXT MAP
0048 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 0048 H EXT MAP
0048 0331 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH COMBINING MACRON BELOW 0048 H EXT MAP
0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I I 0049 I EXT ID
004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J J 004A J EXT ID
004A 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 004A J EXT MAP
004A 030C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH COMBINING CARON 004A J EXT MAP
004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K K 004B K EXT ID
004B 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 004B K EXT MAP
004B 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 004B K EXT MAP
004B 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING MACRON 004B K EXT MAP
004B 0307 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOT ABOVE 004B K EXT MAP
004B 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT 004B K EXT MAP
004B 031B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING HORN 004B K EXT MAP
004B 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 004B K EXT MAP
004B 035F 0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW AND LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H K͟H 004B 0048 KH EXT MAP
004B 035F 0068 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW AND LATIN SMALL LETTER H K͟h 004B 0048 KH EXT MAP
004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L L 004C L EXT ID
004C 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 004C L EXT MAP
004C 0325 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH COMBINING RING BELOW 004C L EXT MAP
004C 0325 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH COMBINING RING BELOW AND COMBINING MACRON L̥̄ 004C L EXT MAP
004C 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 004C L EXT MAP
004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M M 004D M EXT ID
004D 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 004D M EXT MAP
004D 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 004D M EXT MAP
004D 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH COMBINING BREVE 004D M EXT MAP
004D 0310 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH COMBINING CANDRABINDU 004D M EXT MAP
004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N N 004E N EXT ID
004E 0302 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 004E N EXT MAP
004E 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH COMBINING MACRON 004E N EXT MAP
004E 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH COMBINING BREVE 004E N EXT MAP
004E 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 004E N EXT MAP
004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O O 004F O EXT ID
0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P P 0050 P EXT ID
0050 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0050 P EXT MAP
0050 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH COMBINING MACRON 0050 P EXT MAP
0050 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT 0050 P EXT MAP
0050 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW 0050 P EXT MAP
0051 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q Q 0051 Q EXT ID
0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R R 0052 R EXT ID
0052 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH COMBINING BREVE 0052 R EXT MAP
0052 0325 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH COMBINING RING BELOW 0052 R EXT MAP
0052 0325 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH COMBINING RING BELOW AND COMBINING MACRON R̥̄ 0052 R EXT MAP
0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S S 0053 S EXT ID
0053 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0053 S EXT MAP
0053 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMBINING MACRON 0053 S EXT MAP
0053 031B 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMBINING HORN AND COMBINING MACRON S̛̄ 0053 S EXT MAP
0053 0331 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMBINING MACRON BELOW 0053 S EXT MAP
0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T T 0054 T EXT ID
0054 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0054 T EXT MAP
0054 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING MACRON 0054 T EXT MAP
0054 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS 0054 T EXT MAP
0054 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT 0054 T EXT MAP
0054 031B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMBINING HORN 0054 T EXT MAP
0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U U 0055 U EXT ID
0055 0307 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH COMBINING DOT ABOVE 0055 U EXT MAP
0056 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V V 0056 V EXT ID
0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W W 0057 W EXT ID
0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X X 0058 X EXT ID
0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y Y 0059 Y EXT ID
005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z Z 005A Z EXT ID
005A 0300 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 005A Z EXT MAP
005A 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING MACRON 005A Z EXT MAP
005A 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING BREVE 005A Z EXT MAP
005A 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS 005A Z EXT MAP
005A 0327 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING CEDILLA 005A Z EXT MAP
0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A a 0041 A EXT MAP
0061 030B LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 0041 A EXT MAP
0062 LATIN SMALL LETTER B b 0042 B EXT MAP
0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C c 0043 C EXT MAP
0063 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0043 C EXT MAP
0063 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING MACRON 0043 C EXT MAP
0063 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING BREVE 0043 C EXT MAP
0063 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS 0043 C EXT MAP
0063 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT 0043 C EXT MAP
0063 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW 0043 C EXT MAP
0063 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 0043 C EXT MAP
0063 0328 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH COMBINING OGONEK AND COMBINING BREVE c̨̆ 0043 C EXT MAP
0064 LATIN SMALL LETTER D d 0044 D EXT MAP
0064 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 0044 D EXT MAP
0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E e 0045 E EXT MAP
0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F f 0046 F EXT MAP
0066 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0046 F EXT MAP
0066 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH COMBINING MACRON 0046 F EXT MAP
0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G g 0047 G EXT MAP
0067 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0047 G EXT MAP
0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H h 0048 H EXT MAP
0068 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH COMBINING MACRON 0048 H EXT MAP
0068 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 0048 H EXT MAP
0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I i 0049 I EXT MAP
006A LATIN SMALL LETTER J j 004A J EXT MAP
006A 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 004A J EXT MAP
006B LATIN SMALL LETTER K k 004B K EXT MAP
006B 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 004B K EXT MAP
006B 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 004B K EXT MAP
006B 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING MACRON 004B K EXT MAP
006B 0307 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOT ABOVE 004B K EXT MAP
006B 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT 004B K EXT MAP
006B 031B LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING HORN 004B K EXT MAP
006B 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 004B K EXT MAP
006B 035F 0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW AND LATIN SMALL LETTER H k͟h 004B 0048 KH EXT MAP
006C LATIN SMALL LETTER L l 004C L EXT MAP
006C 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 004C L EXT MAP
006C 0325 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH COMBINING RING BELOW 004C L EXT MAP
006C 0325 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH COMBINING RING BELOW AND COMBINING MACRON l̥̄ 004C L EXT MAP
006C 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 004C L EXT MAP
006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M m 004D M EXT MAP
006D 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 004D M EXT MAP
006D 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 004D M EXT MAP
006D 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH COMBINING BREVE 004D M EXT MAP
006D 0310 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH COMBINING CANDRABINDU 004D M EXT MAP
006E LATIN SMALL LETTER N n 004E N EXT MAP
006E 0302 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 004E N EXT MAP
006E 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH COMBINING MACRON 004E N EXT MAP
006E 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH COMBINING BREVE 004E N EXT MAP
006E 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW 004E N EXT MAP
006F LATIN SMALL LETTER O o 004F O EXT MAP
0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P p 0050 P EXT MAP
0070 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0050 P EXT MAP
0070 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH COMBINING MACRON 0050 P EXT MAP
0070 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT 0050 P EXT MAP
0070 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW 0050 P EXT MAP
0071 LATIN SMALL LETTER Q q 0051 Q EXT MAP
0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R r 0052 R EXT MAP
0072 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH COMBINING BREVE 0052 R EXT MAP
0072 0325 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH COMBINING RING BELOW 0052 R EXT MAP
0072 0325 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH COMBINING RING BELOW AND COMBINING MACRON r̥̄ 0052 R EXT MAP
0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S s 0053 S EXT MAP
0073 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0053 S EXT MAP
0073 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMBINING MACRON 0053 S EXT MAP
0073 031B 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMBINING HORN AND COMBINING MACRON s̛̄ 0053 S EXT MAP
0073 0331 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMBINING MACRON BELOW 0053 S EXT MAP
0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T t 0054 T EXT MAP
0074 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 0054 T EXT MAP
0074 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMBINING MACRON 0054 T EXT MAP
0074 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT 0054 T EXT MAP
0074 031B LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMBINING HORN 0054 T EXT MAP
0075 LATIN SMALL LETTER U u 0055 U EXT MAP
0075 0307 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH COMBINING DOT ABOVE 0055 U EXT MAP
0076 LATIN SMALL LETTER V v 0056 V EXT MAP
0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W w 0057 W EXT MAP
0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X x 0058 X EXT MAP
0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y y 0059 Y EXT MAP
007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z z 005A Z EXT MAP
007A 0300 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT 005A Z EXT MAP
007A 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING MACRON 005A Z EXT MAP
007A 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING BREVE 005A Z EXT MAP
007A 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS 005A Z EXT MAP
007A 0327 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH COMBINING CEDILLA 005A Z EXT MAP
00C0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE À 0041 A ICAO MAP
00C1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE Á 0041 A ICAO MAP
00C2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX Â 0041 A ICAO MAP
00C3 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE Ã 0041 A ICAO MAP
00C4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS Ä 0041 0045 AE ICAO MAP
00C5 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE Å 0041 0041 AA ICAO MAP
00C6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE Æ 0041 0045 AE ICAO MAP
00C7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA Ç 0043 C ICAO MAP
00C7 0306 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA WITH COMBINING BREVE Ç̆ 0043 C EXT MAP
00C8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE È 0045 E ICAO MAP
00C9 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE É 0045 E ICAO MAP
00CA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ê 0045 E ICAO MAP
00CB LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS Ë 0045 E ICAO MAP
00CC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE Ì 0049 I ICAO MAP
00CD LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE Í 0049 I ICAO MAP
00CE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX Î 0049 I ICAO MAP
00CF LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS Ï 0049 I ICAO MAP
00D0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH Ð 0044 D EXT MAP
00D1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE Ñ 004E N ICAO MAP
00D2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE Ò 004F O ICAO MAP
00D3 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE Ó 004F O ICAO MAP
00D4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ô 004F O ICAO MAP
00D5 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE Õ 004F O ICAO MAP
00D6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS Ö 004F 0045 OE ICAO MAP
00D8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE Ø 004F 0045 OE ICAO MAP
00D9 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE Ù 0055 U ICAO MAP
00DA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE Ú 0055 U ICAO MAP
00DB LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX Û 0055 U ICAO MAP
00DB 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX WITH COMBINING MACRON Û̄ 0055 U EXT MAP
00DC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS Ü 0055 0045 UE ICAO MAP
00DD LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE Ý 0059 Y ICAO MAP
00DE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN Þ 0054 0048 TH EXT MAP
00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S ß 0053 0053 SS ICAO MAP
00E0 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE à 0041 A EXT MAP
00E1 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE á 0041 A EXT MAP
00E2 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX â 0041 A EXT MAP
00E3 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE ã 0041 A EXT MAP
00E4 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS ä 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
00E5 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE å 0041 0041 AA EXT MAP
00E6 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE æ 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
00E7 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA ç 0043 C EXT MAP
00E7 0306 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA WITH COMBINING BREVE ç̆ 0043 C EXT MAP
00E8 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE è 0045 E EXT MAP
00E9 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE é 0045 E EXT MAP
00EA LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX ê 0045 E EXT MAP
00EB LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS ë 0045 E EXT MAP
00EC LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE ì 0049 I EXT MAP
00ED LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE í 0049 I EXT MAP
00EE LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX î 0049 I EXT MAP
00EF LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS ï 0049 I EXT MAP
00F0 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH ð 0044 D EXT MAP
00F1 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE ñ 004E N EXT MAP
00F2 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE ò 004F O EXT MAP
00F3 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE ó 004F O EXT MAP
00F4 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX ô 004F O EXT MAP
00F5 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE õ 004F O EXT MAP
00F6 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS ö 004F 0045 OE EXT MAP
00F8 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE ø 004F 0045 OE EXT MAP
00F9 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE ù 0055 U EXT MAP
00FA LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE ú 0055 U EXT MAP
00FB LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX û 0055 U EXT MAP
00FB 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX WITH COMBINING MACRON û̄ 0055 U EXT MAP
00FC LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS ü 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
00FD LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE ý 0059 Y EXT MAP
00FE LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN þ 0054 0048 TH ICAO MAP
00FF LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS ÿ 0059 Y EXT MAP
00FF 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT ÿ́ 0059 Y EXT MAP
0100 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON Ā 0041 A ICAO MAP
0101 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON ā 0041 A EXT MAP
0102 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE Ă 0041 A ICAO MAP
0103 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE ă 0041 A EXT MAP
0104 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH OGONEK Ą 0041 A ICAO MAP
0105 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK ą 0041 A EXT MAP
0106 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH ACUTE Ć 0043 C ICAO MAP
0107 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE ć 0043 C EXT MAP
0108 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ĉ 0043 C ICAO MAP
0109 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX ĉ 0043 C EXT MAP
010A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE Ċ 0043 C ICAO MAP
010B LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE ċ 0043 C EXT MAP
010C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON Č 0043 C ICAO MAP
010C 0315 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT Č̕ 0043 C EXT MAP
010C 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW Č̣ 0043 C EXT MAP
010D LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON č 0043 C EXT MAP
010D 0315 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON WITH COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT č̕ 0043 C EXT MAP
010D 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON WITH COMBINING DOT BELOW č̣ 0043 C EXT MAP
010E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON Ď 0044 D ICAO MAP
010F LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON ď 0044 D EXT MAP
0110 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE Đ 0044 D ICAO MAP
0111 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE đ 0044 D EXT MAP
0112 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON Ē 0045 E ICAO MAP
0113 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON ē 0045 E EXT MAP
0113 030D LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ē̍ 0045 E EXT MAP
0114 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH BREVE Ĕ 0045 E ICAO MAP
0115 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH BREVE ĕ 0045 E EXT MAP
0116 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE Ė 0045 E ICAO MAP
0117 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE ė 0045 E EXT MAP
0118 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK Ę 0045 E ICAO MAP
0119 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK ę 0045 E EXT MAP
011A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CARON Ě 0045 E ICAO MAP
011B LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON ě 0045 E EXT MAP
011C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ĝ 0047 G ICAO MAP
011D LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX ĝ 0047 G EXT MAP
011E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE Ğ 0047 G ICAO MAP
011F LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE ğ 0047 G EXT MAP
0120 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE Ġ 0047 G ICAO MAP
0121 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE ġ 0047 G EXT MAP
0122 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA Ģ 0047 G ICAO MAP
0123 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA ģ 0047 G EXT MAP
0124 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ĥ 0048 H ICAO MAP
0125 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX ĥ 0048 H EXT MAP
0126 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH STROKE Ħ 0048 H ICAO MAP
0127 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE ħ 0048 H EXT MAP
0128 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE Ĩ 0049 I ICAO MAP
0129 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE ĩ 0049 I EXT MAP
012A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON Ī 0049 I ICAO MAP
012A 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT Ī́ 0049 I EXT MAP
012B LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON ī 0049 I EXT MAP
012B 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT ī́ 0049 I EXT MAP
012C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH BREVE Ĭ 0049 I ICAO MAP
012D LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH BREVE ĭ 0049 I EXT MAP
012E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK Į 0049 I ICAO MAP
012F LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK į 0049 I EXT MAP
0130 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE İ 0049 I ICAO MAP
0131 LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I ı 0049 I EXT MAP
0132 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ IJ 0049 004A IJ ICAO MAP
0133 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ ij 0049 004A IJ EXT MAP
0134 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ĵ 004A J ICAO MAP
0135 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX ĵ 004A J EXT MAP
0136 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA Ķ 004B K ICAO MAP
0137 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA ķ 004B K EXT MAP
0138 LATIN SMALL LETTER KRA ĸ 004B K EXT MAP
0139 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH ACUTE Ĺ 004C L ICAO MAP
013A LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH ACUTE ĺ 004C L EXT MAP
013B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA Ļ 004C L ICAO MAP
013C LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA ļ 004C L EXT MAP
013D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON Ľ 004C L ICAO MAP
013E LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON ľ 004C L EXT MAP
013F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT Ŀ 004C L ICAO MAP
0140 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT ŀ 004C L EXT MAP
0141 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH STROKE Ł 004C L ICAO MAP
0142 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE ł 004C L EXT MAP
0143 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH ACUTE Ń 004E N ICAO MAP
0144 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE ń 004E N EXT MAP
0145 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA Ņ 004E N ICAO MAP
0146 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA ņ 004E N EXT MAP
0147 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CARON Ň 004E N ICAO MAP
0148 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON ň 004E N EXT MAP
0149 LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE ʼn 004E N EXT MAP
014A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ENG Ŋ 004E N EXT MAP
014B LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG ŋ 004E N ICAO MAP
014C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON Ō 004F O ICAO MAP
014D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON ō 004F O EXT MAP
014D 030D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ō̍ 004F O EXT MAP
014E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH BREVE Ŏ 004F O ICAO MAP
014F LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH BREVE ŏ 004F O EXT MAP
0150 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE Ő 004F O ICAO MAP
0151 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE ő 004F O EXT MAP
0152 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE Œ 004F 0045 OE ICAO MAP
0153 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE œ 004F 0045 OE EXT MAP
0154 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH ACUTE Ŕ 0052 R ICAO MAP
0155 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE ŕ 0052 R EXT MAP
0156 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA Ŗ 0052 R ICAO MAP
0157 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA ŗ 0052 R EXT MAP
0158 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON Ř 0052 R ICAO MAP
0159 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON ř 0052 R EXT MAP
015A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE Ś 0053 S ICAO MAP
015B LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE ś 0053 S EXT MAP
015C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ŝ 0053 S ICAO MAP
015D LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX ŝ 0053 S EXT MAP
015E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA Ş 0053 S ICAO MAP
015F LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA ş 0053 S EXT MAP
0160 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON Š 0053 S ICAO MAP
0161 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON š 0053 S EXT MAP
0162 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA Ţ 0054 T ICAO MAP
0163 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA ţ 0054 T EXT MAP
0164 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CARON Ť 0054 T ICAO MAP
0165 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON ť 0054 T EXT MAP
0166 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH STROKE Ŧ 0054 T ICAO MAP
0167 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE ŧ 0054 T EXT MAP
0168 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE Ũ 0055 U ICAO MAP
0169 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE ũ 0055 U EXT MAP
016A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON Ū 0055 U ICAO MAP
016B LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON ū 0055 U EXT MAP
016C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH BREVE Ŭ 0055 U ICAO MAP
016D LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE ŭ 0055 U EXT MAP
016E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE Ů 0055 U ICAO MAP
016F LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE ů 0055 U EXT MAP
0170 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE Ű 0055 U ICAO MAP
0171 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE ű 0055 U EXT MAP
0172 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK Ų 0055 U ICAO MAP
0173 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK ų 0055 U EXT MAP
0174 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ŵ 0057 W ICAO MAP
0175 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX ŵ 0057 W EXT MAP
0176 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX Ŷ 0059 Y ICAO MAP
0177 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX ŷ 0059 Y EXT MAP
0178 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS Ÿ 0059 Y ICAO MAP
0179 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE Ź 005A Z ICAO MAP
017A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE ź 005A Z EXT MAP
017B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE Ż 005A Z ICAO MAP
017C LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE ż 005A Z EXT MAP
017D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON Ž 005A Z ICAO MAP
017D 0326 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW Ž̦ 005A Z EXT MAP
017D 0327 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON WITH COMBINING CEDILLA Ž̧ 005A Z EXT MAP
017E LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON ž 005A Z EXT MAP
017E 0326 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON WITH COMBINING COMMA BELOW ž̦ 005A Z EXT MAP
017E 0327 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON WITH COMBINING CEDILLA ž̧ 005A Z EXT MAP
0187 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH HOOK Ƈ 0043 C EXT MAP
0188 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK ƈ 0043 C EXT MAP
018F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA Ə 0045 E EXT MAP
0197 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH STROKE Ɨ 0049 I EXT MAP
01A0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN Ơ 004F O EXT MAP
01A1 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN ơ 004F O EXT MAP
01AF LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN Ư 0055 U EXT MAP
01B0 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN ư 0055 U EXT MAP
01B7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH Ʒ 005A Z EXT MAP
01CD LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CARON Ǎ 0041 A EXT MAP
01CE LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CARON ǎ 0041 A EXT MAP
01CF LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CARON Ǐ 0049 I EXT MAP
01D0 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CARON ǐ 0049 I EXT MAP
01D1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CARON Ǒ 004F O EXT MAP
01D2 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CARON ǒ 004F O EXT MAP
01D3 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CARON Ǔ 0055 U EXT MAP
01D4 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CARON ǔ 0055 U EXT MAP
01D5 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON Ǖ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
01D6 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON ǖ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
01D7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE Ǘ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
01D8 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE ǘ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
01D9 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON Ǚ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
01DA LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON ǚ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
01DB LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE Ǜ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
01DC LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE ǜ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
01DE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON Ǟ 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
01DF LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON ǟ 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
01E2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON Ǣ 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
01E3 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON ǣ 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
01E4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH STROKE Ǥ 0047 G EXT MAP
01E5 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE ǥ 0047 G EXT MAP
01E6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CARON Ǧ 0047 G EXT MAP
01E7 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON ǧ 0047 G EXT MAP
01E8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CARON Ǩ 004B K EXT MAP
01E9 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON ǩ 004B K EXT MAP
01EA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK Ǫ 004F O EXT MAP
01EB LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK ǫ 004F O EXT MAP
01EC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON Ǭ 004F O EXT MAP
01ED LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON ǭ 004F O EXT MAP
01EE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH WITH CARON Ǯ 005A Z EXT MAP
01EF LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON ǯ 005A Z EXT MAP
01F0 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CARON ǰ 004A J EXT MAP
01F4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH ACUTE Ǵ 0047 G EXT MAP
01F5 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH ACUTE ǵ 0047 G EXT MAP
01F8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH GRAVE Ǹ 004E N EXT MAP
01F9 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE ǹ 004E N EXT MAP
01FA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE Ǻ 0041 0041 AA EXT MAP
01FB LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE ǻ 0041 0041 AA EXT MAP
01FC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE Ǽ 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
01FD LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE ǽ 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
01FE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE Ǿ 004F 0045 OE EXT MAP
01FF LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE ǿ 004F 0045 OE EXT MAP
0212 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE Ȓ 0052 R EXT MAP
0213 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE ȓ 0052 R EXT MAP
0218 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW Ș 0053 S EXT MAP
0219 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW ș 0053 S EXT MAP
021A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW Ț 0054 T EXT MAP
021B LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW ț 0054 T EXT MAP
021E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CARON Ȟ 0048 H EXT MAP
021F LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CARON ȟ 0048 H EXT MAP
0227 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE ȧ 0041 A EXT MAP
0228 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA Ȩ 0045 E EXT MAP
0229 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA ȩ 0045 E EXT MAP
022A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON Ȫ 004F 0045 OE EXT MAP
022B LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON ȫ 004F 0045 OE EXT MAP
022C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON Ȭ 004F O EXT MAP
022D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON ȭ 004F O EXT MAP
022E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE Ȯ 004F O EXT MAP
022F LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE ȯ 004F O EXT MAP
0230 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON Ȱ 004F O EXT MAP
0231 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON ȱ 004F O EXT MAP
0232 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON Ȳ 0059 Y EXT MAP
0233 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON ȳ 0059 Y EXT MAP
0259 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA ə 0045 E EXT MAP
0268 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE ɨ 0049 I EXT MAP
0292 LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH ʒ 005A Z EXT MAP
1E02 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE 0042 B EXT MAP
1E03 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE 0042 B EXT MAP
1E06 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH LINE BELOW 0042 B EXT MAP
1E07 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH LINE BELOW 0042 B EXT MAP
1E0A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH DOT ABOVE 0044 D EXT MAP
1E0B LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT ABOVE 0044 D EXT MAP
1E0C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW 0044 D EXT MAP
1E0D LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW 0044 D EXT MAP
1E0E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH LINE BELOW 0044 D EXT MAP
1E0F LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH LINE BELOW 0044 D EXT MAP
1E10 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA 0044 D EXT MAP
1E11 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA 0044 D EXT MAP
1E17 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE 0045 E EXT MAP
1E1C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE 0045 E EXT MAP
1E1D LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE 0045 E EXT MAP
1E1E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE 0046 F EXT MAP
1E1F LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE 0046 F EXT MAP
1E20 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH MACRON 0047 G EXT MAP
1E21 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH MACRON 0047 G EXT MAP
1E22 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DOT ABOVE 0048 H EXT MAP
1E23 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT ABOVE 0048 H EXT MAP
1E24 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOW 0048 H EXT MAP
1E25 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOW 0048 H EXT MAP
1E26 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DIAERESIS 0048 H EXT MAP
1E27 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DIAERESIS 0048 H EXT MAP
1E28 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA 0048 H EXT MAP
1E29 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA 0048 H EXT MAP
1E2A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW 0048 H EXT MAP
1E2B LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW 0048 H EXT MAP
1E2F LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE 0049 I EXT MAP
1E30 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH ACUTE 004B K EXT MAP
1E31 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH ACUTE 004B K EXT MAP
1E32 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW 004B K EXT MAP
1E32 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON Ḳ̄ 004B K EXT MAP
1E33 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW 004B K EXT MAP
1E33 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON ḳ̄ 004B K EXT MAP
1E34 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH LINE BELOW 004B K EXT MAP
1E35 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH LINE BELOW 004B K EXT MAP
1E36 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW 004C L EXT MAP
1E37 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW 004C L EXT MAP
1E3A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH LINE BELOW 004C L EXT MAP
1E3B LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH LINE BELOW 004C L EXT MAP
1E40 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH DOT ABOVE 004D M EXT MAP
1E41 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT ABOVE 004D M EXT MAP
1E42 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOW 004D M EXT MAP
1E43 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOW 004D M EXT MAP
1E44 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE 004E N EXT MAP
1E45 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE 004E N EXT MAP
1E46 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW 004E N EXT MAP
1E47 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW 004E N EXT MAP
1E48 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW 004E N EXT MAP
1E49 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW 004E N EXT MAP
1E52 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE 004F O EXT MAP
1E53 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE 004F O EXT MAP
1E54 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH ACUTE 0050 P EXT MAP
1E55 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH ACUTE 0050 P EXT MAP
1E56 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE 0050 P EXT MAP
1E57 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE 0050 P EXT MAP
1E58 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT ABOVE 0052 R EXT MAP
1E59 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT ABOVE 0052 R EXT MAP
1E5A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW 0052 R EXT MAP
1E5B LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW 0052 R EXT MAP
1E5E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW 0052 R EXT MAP
1E5F LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW 0052 R EXT MAP
1E60 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE 0053 S EXT MAP
1E61 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE 0053 S EXT MAP
1E62 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW 0053 S EXT MAP
1E62 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON Ṣ̄ 0053 S EXT MAP
1E63 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW 0053 S EXT MAP
1E63 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON ṣ̄ 0053 S EXT MAP
1E6A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE 0054 T EXT MAP
1E6B LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE 0054 T EXT MAP
1E6C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW 0054 T EXT MAP
1E6C 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON Ṭ̄ 0054 T EXT MAP
1E6D LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW 0054 T EXT MAP
1E6D 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON ṭ̄ 0054 T EXT MAP
1E6E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH LINE BELOW 0054 T EXT MAP
1E6F LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH LINE BELOW 0054 T EXT MAP
1E80 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH GRAVE 0057 W EXT MAP
1E81 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH GRAVE 0057 W EXT MAP
1E82 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH ACUTE 0057 W EXT MAP
1E83 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH ACUTE 0057 W EXT MAP
1E84 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS 0057 W EXT MAP
1E85 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS 0057 W EXT MAP
1E86 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DOT ABOVE 0057 W EXT MAP
1E87 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DOT ABOVE 0057 W EXT MAP
1E8C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X WITH DIAERESIS 0058 X EXT MAP
1E8D LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH DIAERESIS 0058 X EXT MAP
1E8E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE 0059 Y EXT MAP
1E8F LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE 0059 Y EXT MAP
1E90 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX 005A Z EXT MAP
1E91 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX 005A Z EXT MAP
1E92 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW 005A Z EXT MAP
1E93 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW 005A Z EXT MAP
1E94 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH LINE BELOW 005A Z EXT MAP
1E95 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH LINE BELOW 005A Z EXT MAP
1E96 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH LINE BELOW 0048 H EXT MAP
1E97 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAERESIS 0054 T EXT MAP
1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S 0053 0053 SS EXT MAP
1EA0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW 0041 A EXT MAP
1EA0 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS Ạ̈ 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
1EA1 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW 0041 A EXT MAP
1EA1 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS ạ̈ 0041 0045 AE EXT MAP
1EA2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH HOOK ABOVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EA3 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH HOOK ABOVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EA4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EA5 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EA6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EA7 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EA8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EA9 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EAA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EAB LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EAC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW 0041 A EXT MAP
1EAD LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW 0041 A EXT MAP
1EAE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EAF LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EB0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EB1 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EB2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND HOOK ABOVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EB3 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND HOOK ABOVE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EB4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EB5 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE 0041 A EXT MAP
1EB6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOW 0041 A EXT MAP
1EB7 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOW 0041 A EXT MAP
1EB8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW 0045 E EXT MAP
1EB9 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW 0045 E EXT MAP
1EBA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH HOOK ABOVE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EBB LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH HOOK ABOVE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EBC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH TILDE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EBD LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EBE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EBF LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE ế 0045 E EXT MAP
1EC0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EC1 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EC2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EC3 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EC4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EC5 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE 0045 E EXT MAP
1EC6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW 0045 E EXT MAP
1EC7 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW 0045 E EXT MAP
1EC8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE 0049 I EXT MAP
1EC9 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE 0049 I EXT MAP
1ECA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOW 0049 I EXT MAP
1ECB LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOW 0049 I EXT MAP
1ECC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW 004F O EXT MAP
1ECC 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS Ọ̈ 004F 0045 OE EXT MAP
1ECD LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW 004F O EXT MAP
1ECD 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS ọ̈ 004F 0045 OE EXT MAP
1ECE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HOOK ABOVE 004F O EXT MAP
1ECF LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HOOK ABOVE 004F O EXT MAP
1ED0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE 004F O EXT MAP
1ED1 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE 004F O EXT MAP
1ED2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE 004F O EXT MAP
1ED3 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE 004F O EXT MAP
1ED4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE 004F O EXT MAP
1ED5 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE 004F O EXT MAP
1ED6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE 004F O EXT MAP
1ED7 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE 004F O EXT MAP
1ED8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW 004F O EXT MAP
1ED9 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW 004F O EXT MAP
1EDA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE 004F O EXT MAP
1EDB LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE 004F O EXT MAP
1EDC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE 004F O EXT MAP
1EDD LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE 004F O EXT MAP
1EDE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE 004F O EXT MAP
1EDF LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE 004F O EXT MAP
1EE0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE 004F O EXT MAP
1EE1 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE 004F O EXT MAP
1EE2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW 004F O EXT MAP
1EE3 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW 004F O EXT MAP
1EE4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW 0055 U EXT MAP
1EE4 0304 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON Ụ̄ 0055 U EXT MAP
1EE4 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS Ụ̈ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
1EE5 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW 0055 U EXT MAP
1EE5 0304 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING MACRON ụ̄ 0055 U EXT MAP
1EE5 0308 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW WITH COMBINING DIAERESIS ụ̈ 0055 0045 UE EXT MAP
1EE6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HOOK ABOVE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EE7 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HOOK ABOVE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EE8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EE9 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EEA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EEB LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EEC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EED LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EEE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EEF LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE 0055 U EXT MAP
1EF0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW 0055 U EXT MAP
1EF1 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW 0055 U EXT MAP
1EF2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE 0059 Y EXT MAP
1EF3 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE 0059 Y EXT MAP
1EF4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOW 0059 Y EXT MAP
1EF5 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOW 0059 Y EXT MAP
1EF6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK ABOVE 0059 Y EXT MAP
1EF7 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK ABOVE 0059 Y EXT MAP
1EF8 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH TILDE 0059 Y EXT MAP
1EF9 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH TILDE 0059 Y EXT MAP

Informative part

[edit]

Extended letters

[edit]

Each conforming IT system should be able to handle the extended letters for all name fields. This includes the collection, storage, transmission, display, and printout.

Greek letters (gl)

[edit]

For cross-border data exchange, every IT system should support Greek letters in name fields.

Table: Greek Letters (gl)
Code Points Name Glyph
0386 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS Ά
0388 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS Έ
0389 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS Ή
038A GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS Ί
038C GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS Ό
038E GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS Ύ
038F GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS Ώ
0390 GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS ΐ
0391 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA Α
0392 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA Β
0393 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA Γ
0394 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA Δ
0395 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON Ε
0396 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA Ζ
0397 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA Η
0398 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA Θ
0399 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA Ι
039A GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA Κ
039B GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA Λ
039C GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU Μ
039D GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU Ν
039E GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI Ξ
039F GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON Ο
03A0 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI Π
03A1 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO Ρ
03A3 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA Σ
03A4 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU Τ
03A5 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON Υ
03A6 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI Φ
03A7 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI Χ
03A8 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI Ψ
03A9 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA Ω
03AA GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA Ϊ
03AB GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA Ϋ
03AC GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS ά
03AD GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS έ
03AE GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS ή
03AF GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS ί
03B0 GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS ΰ
03B1 GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA α
03B2 GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA β
03B3 GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA γ
03B4 GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA δ
03B5 GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON ε
03B6 GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA ζ
03B7 GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA η
03B8 GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA θ
03B9 GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA ι
03BA GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA κ
03BB GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA λ
03BC GREEK SMALL LETTER MU μ
03BD GREEK SMALL LETTER NU ν
03BE GREEK SMALL LETTER XI ξ
03BF GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON ο
03C0 GREEK SMALL LETTER PI π
03C1 GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO ρ
03C2 GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA ς
03C3 GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA σ
03C4 GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU τ
03C5 GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON υ
03C6 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI φ
03C7 GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI χ
03C8 GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI ψ
03C9 GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA ω
03CA GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA ϊ
03CB GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA ϋ
03CC GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS ό
03CD GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS ύ
03CE GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS ώ

Cyrillic letters (cl)

[edit]

For cross-border data exchange, every IT system should support Cyrillic letters in name fields for Bulgarian names.

Table: Cyrillic Letters (cl)
Code Points Name Glyph
040D CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE Ѝ
0410 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A А
0411 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE Б
0412 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE В
0413 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE Г
0414 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE Д
0415 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE Е
0416 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE Ж
0417 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE З
0418 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I И
0419 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I Й
041A CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA К
041B CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL Л
041C CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM М
041D CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN Н
041E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O О
041F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE П
0420 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER Р
0421 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES С
0422 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE Т
0423 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U У
0424 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF Ф
0425 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA Х
0426 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE Ц
0427 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE Ч
0428 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA Ш
0429 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA Щ
042A CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN Ъ
042C CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN Ь
042E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU Ю
042F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA Я
0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A а
0431 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE б
0432 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE в
0433 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE г
0434 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE д
0435 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE е
0436 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE ж
0437 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE з
0438 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I и
0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I й
043A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA к
043B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL л
043C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM м
043D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN н
043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O о
043F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE п
0440 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER р
0441 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES с
0442 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE т
0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U у
0444 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF ф
0445 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA х
0446 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE ц
0447 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE ч
0448 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA ш
0449 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA щ
044A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN ъ
044C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN ь
044E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU ю
044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA я
045D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE ѝ

Non-letters E1 (enl)

[edit]

These letters should be supported for legal entity names and product names.

Table: Non-Letters E1 (enl)
Code Points Name Glyph
0192 LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK ƒ
02B0 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H ʰ
02B3 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R ʳ
02C6 MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT ˆ
02DC SMALL TILDE ˜
02E2 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S ˢ
1D48 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D
1D57 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL T
2018 LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
201A SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
201C LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
201D RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
201E DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
2020 DAGGER
2026 HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS
2030 PER MILLE SIGN
2032 PRIME
2033 DOUBLE PRIME
2039 SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
203A SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
2070 SUPERSCRIPT ZERO
2074 SUPERSCRIPT FOUR
2075 SUPERSCRIPT FIVE
2076 SUPERSCRIPT SIX
2077 SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN
2078 SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT
2079 SUPERSCRIPT NINE
207F SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N
2080 SUBSCRIPT ZERO
2081 SUBSCRIPT ONE
2082 SUBSCRIPT TWO
2083 SUBSCRIPT THREE
2084 SUBSCRIPT FOUR
2085 SUBSCRIPT FIVE
2086 SUBSCRIPT SIX
2087 SUBSCRIPT SEVEN
2088 SUBSCRIPT EIGHT
2089 SUBSCRIPT NINE
2122 TRADE MARK SIGN
221E INFINITY
2264 LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO
2265 GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO

Technical data types (informative)

[edit]

For information, technical data types are defined as subsets of the letters defined in the standard. These can be used for interface agreements, for technical checks or as a basis for creating your own data types. An implementation as an XML schema type is included in the din-91379-datatypes.xsd file attached to the standard. This implementation is also freely available under the CC BY-ND license as part of the XOEV library.[12]

Table: Technical data types (informative)
Data type Latin Letters (blla) Non-Letters N1 (bnlreq) Non-Letters N2 (bnl) Non-Letters N3 (bnlopt) Non-Letters N4 (bnlnot) Greek Letters (gl) Cyrillic Letters (cl) Non-Letters E1 (enl) Remark
A + + Names of natural persons
B + + + Other names
C + + + + + All normative letters, and only these
D + + + + + + Legal entity names and product names
E + + + + + + + + All normative and extended letters, and only these

Added letters

[edit]

Compared to DIN SPEC 91379, some additional letters have been included, only two of these letters are not deprecated.

Table: Added Letters
Code Points Name Glyph State
0113 030D LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ē̍ deprecated
014D 030D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON WITH COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ō̍ deprecated
1E17 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE deprecated
030D COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ̍ deprecated
2032 PRIME current
2033 DOUBLE PRIME current

Current state

[edit]

Current results of the standardization process include the specification DIN SPEC 91379 in March 2019 and final DIN standard in August 2022. Efforts are being made to further develop it into a European CEN standard.[5]

Open-source software supporting DIN 91379

[edit]
  • Free Java library for creating and editing PDF supporting DIN 91379:
  • Free converter from XSL formatting objects to PDF
  • Free Fonts for DIN 91379
    • Arimo[17][18]
    • Noto Latin, Greek, Cyrillic,[19] see also issue "Combining comma above right" at wrong position[20]
    • Sudo coding font[21]
[edit]

Keyboard standard DIN 2137

[edit]

The German keyboard layouts E1 and E2 standardized in the DIN 2137-1 standard enable the entry of all characters listed in DIN 91379 except Cyrillic letters without recourse to their Unicode value or their decimal code. Achieving this was one of the main reasons for revising these keyboard layouts compared to the previous version DIN 2137-1:2018-12.[22][23]

Character naming and spelling standard DIN 5009

[edit]

The version of DIN 5009:2022-06 “Word and information processing for office applications — Announcing and dictating of text and characters” published in May 2022 together with its supplement "Announcing, naming and keyboard input of special letters and characters" contains German-language names, spelling rules and spelling announcement words for all characters listed in DIN 91379 (except some outdated characters and the Greek and Cyrillic letters). This ensures that the characters can be reproduced correctly in oral communication (e.g. on the telephone).

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The ISO 233-3, newly published in 2023, changed the transliteration of the Arabic character ض from ż (z with dot above for Persian ) to z̤ (Z with combining diaresis below). The necessary character combinations <U+005A,U+0324> (Z̤) or <U+007A,U+0324> (z̤) are not listed in the 2022 version of DIN 91379.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "DIN 91379:2022-08: Characters and defined character sequences in Unicode for the electronic processing of names and data exchange in Europe, with CD-ROM" (in German). Beuth Verlag (now DIN Media GmbH). August 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Doc 9303, Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 3 — Specifications Common to all MRTDs" (PDF). ICAO. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
  3. ^ "Gesetz zu dem Übereinkommen vom 13. September 1973 über die Angabe von Familiennamen und Vornamen in den Personenstandsbüchern" [Law on the Convention of September 13, 1973 on the recording of surnames and forenames in civil status registers] (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt 1976 No. 48 (in German). Bundesanzeiger Verlag. 1976-09-03. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  4. ^ "Convention (No.14) on the recording of surnames and forenames in civil status registers". www.ciec1.org. Berne: CIEC Commission Internationale de l'État Civil / ICCS International Commission on Civil Status. 1973-09-13. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  5. ^ a b c Koordinierungsstelle für IT-Standards (KoSIT). "String.Latin+ 1.2: eine kommentierte und erweiterte Fassung der DIN SPEC 91379. Inklusive einer umfangreichen Liste häufig gestellter Fragen. Herausgegeben von der Fachgruppe String.Latin. (zip, 1.7 MB)" [String.Latin+ 1.2: Commented and extended version of DIN SPEC 91379.] (in German). Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  6. ^ "DIN SPEC 91379:2019-03: Characters in Unicode for the electronic processing of names and data exchange in Europe; with digital attachment" (in German). Beuth Verlag (now DIN Media GmbH). March 2019. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  7. ^ a b c "DIN 91379 Characters and Sequences". 19 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-19 – via GitHub.
  8. ^ IT-Planungsrat (2022-11-10). "Beschluss 2022/51 – String.Latin" [Decision 2022/51 – String.Latin] (in German). Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  9. ^ Der Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Informationstechnik. "Architekturrichtlinie für die IT des Bundes – Technische Spezifikationen zur Architekturrichtlinie –" [Architecture guideline for federal IT – Technical specifications for the architecture guideline –] (PDF) (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  10. ^ a b "Internal Regulations, Part 3: Principles and rules for the structure and drafting of CEN and CENELEC documents" (PDF). CEN-CENELEC. 2022. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
  11. ^ a b "Lateinische Zeichen in Unicode. Version 1.1.1" (PDF). Koordinierungsstelle für IT-Standards (KoSIT). 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  12. ^ "din-norm-91379-datatypes.xsd". XOEV-Bibliothek. Koordinierungsstelle für IT-Standards (KoSIT). 2022-10-14. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  13. ^ "OpenPDF is an open source Java library for PDF files". March 19, 2022 – via GitHub.
  14. ^ "Accents, DIN 91379, non Latin scripts". May 10, 2022 – via GitHub.
  15. ^ "The Apache FOP Project". Feb 9, 2023.
  16. ^ "Mirror of Apache FOP". Feb 9, 2023 – via GitHub.
  17. ^ "Noto Arimo". GitHub.
  18. ^ "Arimo". Google Fonts.
  19. ^ "Noto Latin, Greek, Cyrillic". Feb 9, 2023 – via GitHub.
  20. ^ "Combining comma above right at wrong position · Issue #33 · notofonts/latin-greek-cyrillic". GitHub.
  21. ^ "Sudo Coding Font". Aug 30, 2023.
  22. ^ DIN 2137-1:2023-08, section “Vorwort”, subsection “Änderungen”, page 4
  23. ^ "DIN 2137-1:2023-08 | Tastaturen für die Daten- und Texteingabe - Teil 1: Deutsche Tastaturbelegung" [DIN 2137-1:2023-08 | Keyboards for the Data and text input - Part 1: German keyboard layout]. Beuth Verlag (now DIN Media GmbH). August 2023. Retrieved 2024-07-05. (full text subject to charge)
[edit]