French
DeutschFanning Raid
| Fanning Raid | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of World War I | |||||||
 Dynamo-room at Fanning cable station destroyed during the raid | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 United Kingdom |  German Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Superintendent A. Smith [1] |  Maximilian von Spee | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Light cruiser Nürnberg | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Communications station destroyed 2,000 pounds in material damage | None | ||||||
The Fanning Raid was an action of the First World War involving a successful German attack on the Fanning island cable relay station. Vice Admiral Maximilian von Spee sent the light cruiser SMS Nürnberg along with the collier Titania to attack the station on 7 September 1914 while his East Asia Squadron was crossing the Pacific, en route to South America.
Background
[edit]Fanning island was annexed by Great Britain in 1888. The British communications company, Cable and Wireless, built a relay station for its central Pacific underwater telegraph cable on the island. The station was a part of the All Red Line, connecting Australia, New Zealand, and Canada to Great Britain.[2][unreliable source?]
At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the German East Asia Squadron, commanded by Vice Admiral Maximilian von Spee, departed from its base at Qingdao. Spee intended to take his ships to South America, where British merchant shipping might be easily raided.[3] While crossing the Pacific on 6 September, Spee detached the light cruiser SMS Nürnberg and the auxiliary cruiser Titania to investigate the British installation at Fanning and to destroy the wireless station there.[4]
Raid
[edit]
In the early morning of 7 September 1914, the German cruiser SMS Nürnberg, approached Fanning flying a French flag. Noticing the French flag the staff hoisted a British flag on the flagstaff. By the time the employees noticed the deception, German sailors already landed on the island. Shortly before being arrested operators managed to send a warning to Suva: "It's the Nürnberg; they are firing."[5]
The Germans then severely damaged the cable station, rendering it inoperable, and cut the island's undersea communications cables. They also smashed spare parts and instruments. The engine was completely destroyed with the use of small arms fire and explosives.[6] Documentation as well as a cache of rifles and ammunition was confiscated. The flagstaff was also cut down. Islanders remarked on the professionalism and courtesy of the German force. Material damage totaled $150,000.[7]
Communication was reestablished in two weeks.[2]
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Taltavall, J.B. (1 Nov 1914). "How the Fanning Island Cable Station Was Captured and Destroyed by the Germans". Telegraph and Telephone Age. Vol. 32 (21 ed.). New York, New York. p. 586.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b "Fanning Island History". Archived from the original on 30 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ Herwig, pp. 155–156
- ^ Halpern, p. 88
- ^ "Australian Newspaper Article". Sydney Morning Herald. 22 October 1914. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ "Cable War" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.[unreliable source?]
- ^ Taltavall, J.B. (1 Nov 1914). "How the Fanning Island Cable Station Was Captured and Destroyed by the Germans". Telegraph and Telephone Age. Vol. 32 (21 ed.). New York, New York. p. 587.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
References
[edit]- Halpern, Paul G. (1995). A Naval History of World War I. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-352-4.
- Herwig, Holger (1980). "Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918. Amherst, NY: Humanity Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-286-9.
Further reading
[edit]- Gray, J.A.C. Amerika Samoa, A History of American Samoa and its United States Naval Administration. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute. 1960.