Iranian Jews in Israel

Iranian Jews in Israel
Total population
200,000 - 250,000[1]
Regions with significant populations
Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Netanya, Kfar Saba
Languages
Hebrew, Iranian languages (Persian, Kurdish)
Religion
Judaism
Related ethnic groups
Israeli Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Sephardi Jews, Ashkenazi Jews, other Jewish groups, Other Persians

Iranian Jews in Israel refers to the community of Iranian Jews who immigrated to Ottoman Palestine, Mandatory Palestine, and later the State of Israel. Iranian Jews in Israel number more than 200,000 and most of them are Israeli born.[2]

History

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Further information: Babylonian Captivity

The first Iranian Jews to settle in Ottoman Palestine were from Shiraz. They left in 1815 in a caravan, making their way to the port of Bushehr and from there boarded a ship to Basra in southern Iraq. From there, they traveled by land to Baghdad and Damascus. Those who survived the difficult journey settled in Tzfat and Jerusalem, establishing the nucleus of the Iranian Jewish community in these cities.[3]

After the establishment of the State of Israel, immigration increased significantly. In 1952, approximately 30,000 Iranian Jews immigrated to Israel under the Israeli mission Operation Cyrus.[4] In the 1950s, the Israeli treatment of Iranian Jews was similar to the Israeli treatment of other Jews from the Middle Eastern and North African region.[5] Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, over 200,000 Iranians have settled in Israel.[6]

Many Iranian Jews immigrated to Israel after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.[7] Following the revolution, an additional 10,000 to 15,000 Iranian Jews immigrated directly to Israel. Many others migrated first to the United States or Europe and then to Israel, mainly out of fear of the Ayatollah's regime but also from lack of familiarity with Israel.[8] Some fled after Habib Elghanian was murdered after being accused of "Zionism."[9]

Israel continues to encourage the remaining Jews in Iran (less than 9,000) to immigrate, since Israel sees them as hostages of the Iranian regime. In 2007, Israel offered monetary incentives to Jews in Iran to encourage Iranian Jewish immigration to Israel.[10] Jews of Iranian descent in Israel are considered Mizrahim.[11] A Mizrahi Jew, broadly construed, is a Jewish person from North Africa and Asia.

Kol Israel transmits daily radio broadcasts to Iran in the Persian language and Menashe Amir, an Iranian Jew, hosts a talk show that draws callers from Iran.[7]

Notable Israelis of Iranian descent

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Rita Kleinstein, an Israeli pop-star, of Persian descent

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Iranian Jews in Israel. fpri.org 2022-12-06.
  2. ^ Jews, by country of origin and age
  3. ^ Jadīd Al-Islām: The Jewish "new Muslims" of Meshhed, Raphael Patai
  4. ^ Ram, Haggai (2008). "Caught Between Orientalism and Aryanism, Exile and Homeland: The Jews of Iran in Zionist/Israeli Imagination". Studies in Culture, Polity, and Identities. 8 (1): 86.
  5. ^ Goldstein, Judith (1998). Iranian Ethnicity in Israel: The Performance of Identity. New Jersey: Rutgers University. p. 388.
  6. ^ "Jews, by country of origin and age". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2009. Archived from the original on 2018-12-24. Retrieved 2015-01-20.
  7. ^ a b Bell, Bethany (2007-01-12). "Torn loyalties of Israel's Iranian Jews". BBC News. Jerusalem. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  8. ^ Ram, Haggai (2008). "Caught Between Orientalism and Aryanism, Exile and Homeland: The Jews of Iran in Zionist/Israeli Imagination". Studies in Culture, Polity, and Identities. 8 (1): 95.
  9. ^ "A Reminder of How Iran Treats Its Jewish Citizens".
  10. ^ Tait, Robert (7 Dec 2007). "Iran's Jews Reject Cash Offer to Move to Israel". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 Apr 2013.
  11. ^ "Table 2.24 – Jews, by country of origin and age" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
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