Kōwa (Heian period)

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Kowa (康和) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Jōtoku and before Chōji. This period spanned the years from August 1099 through February 1104.^[1] The reigning emperor was Horikawa-tennō (堀河天皇).^[2]

• January 24, 1099 Kōwa 1 (康和元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Jōtoku 3, on the 28th day of the 8th month of 1099.^[3]

• 1099 (Kōwa 1, 6th month): Kampaku Fujiwara no Moromichi died at age 38; and Moromichi's son, Fujiwara no Tadazane took over his father's responsibilities.^[4]
• 1100 (Kōwa 2): The dainagon, Fujiwara no Tadazane, is elevated to udaijin.^[5]
• 1101 (Kōwa 3, 2nd month): The former kampaku, Fujiwara no Morozane, died at age 60.^[5]

• Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
• Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
• Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
• Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764

• National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection