Tenna

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Tenna (天和) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Enpō and before Jōkyō. This period spanned the years from September 1681 through February 1684.^[1] The reigning emperor was Reigen-tennō (霊元天皇).^[2]

• ''Tenna gannen (天和元年): The new era name of Tenna (meaning "Heavenly Imperial Peace") was created to mark the 58th year of a cycle of the Chinese zodiac. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Enpō 9, on the 29th day of the 9th month.

• 1681 (Tenna 1): In Edo, the investiture of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi as the fifth shōgun of the Edo bakufu.^[3]
• February 5, 1681 (Tenna 1, 28th day of the 12th month): The Great Tenna Fire in Edo.^[4]
• 1681 (Tenna 2): A famine afflicts Heian-kyō and the nearby areas.^[4]
• March 3, 1683 (Tenna 3, 5th day of the 2nd month): Yaoya Oshichi was burned at the stake for arson.
• 1683 (Tenna 3): Tokugawa shogunate grants permission for Mitsui money exchanges (ryōgaeten) to be established in Edo.^[5]
• 1683 (Tenna 4): The assassination of Hotta Masatoshi signals the end of government characterized by financial sobriety and stringency, and the beginning of a swing towards extravagance and the expansive spending policies of Tsunayoshi's chamberlains.^[6]

• Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (2006). The Dog Shogun: The Personality and Policies of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824829780; ISBN 9780824830304; OCLC 470123491
• Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
• Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-203-09985-8; OCLC 65177072
• Shinjō, Hiroshi. (1962). History of the Yen: 100 Years of Japanese Money-economy. Kobe: Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kōbe University. OCLC 877519
• Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.

• National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" – historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection