Linglinghua
Lingling | |
---|---|
Linghua | |
Native to | China |
Region | Guangxi |
Ethnicity | Miao |
Native speakers | (20,000 cited 1991)[citation needed] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | None (mis ) |
Glottolog | None |
Lingling (Chinese: Linghua 伶话 Línghuà or Lingling hua; Lingling: liŋ55 va33) is an unclassified mixed Chinese dialect. It is spoken by 20,000 ethnic Miao in Longsheng County, Guangxi. It is only spoken within the community; with outsiders, Southwestern Mandarin is spoken.
He (2009) covers the Linghua dialect of Taiping (太平村), Pingdeng Township (平等乡), Longsheng County, Guangxi.
A description of the Taipingtang 太平塘村 dialect of Linghua can be found in Wang (2014).[1]
Phonology
[edit]Phonology:[1]
p | t | tɬ | tʂ | tɕ | k |
pʰ | tʰ | tɬʰ | tʂʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ |
b | d | dl | dʑ | g | |
m | n | ŋ | |||
f | s | ɕ | |||
ɬ | h | ||||
w | l |
Vowels: /i, a, ɔ, u, y, ə/
Tone category | Tone value |
---|---|
A1 | 55 |
A2 | 22 |
B1 | 33 |
B2 | 44 |
C | 44 |
D | 22 |
Vocabulary
[edit]This section lists sample vocabulary in Linghua from Wang (2014). Translated English glosses have also been provided.[1]
Pronouns
[edit]sg. | pl. | |
---|---|---|
1st person | ŋa³³ | ŋai³³ |
2nd person | ŋ̩³³ | ŋ̩³³liɛ⁵⁵ |
3rd person | tʰa⁵⁵, i⁵⁵ | i⁵⁵liɛ⁵⁵ |
Numerals
[edit]Numeral | Linghua |
---|---|
1 | i²² |
2 | ni⁴⁴ |
3 | ɬa⁵⁵ |
4 | ɬi⁴⁴ |
5 | ŋ̩³³ |
6 | liu²² |
7 | tɬʰi²² |
8 | pia²² |
9 | tɕiu³³ |
10 | dl̩²² |
Nature
[edit]Chinese gloss | English gloss | Linghua |
---|---|---|
天 | sky | tʰiɛ⁵⁵ |
太阳 | sun | ni²²dau²²/⁵⁵ |
月亮 | moon | wei²²liɔ⁴⁴ |
星星 | star | ɬiɛ⁵⁵liɛ³³ |
云 | cloud | uŋ²²wu⁴⁴ |
雨 | rain | u³³ |
风 | wind | puŋ⁵⁵ |
山 | mountain | ɬai⁵⁵ |
田 | field | diɛ²² |
Body parts
[edit]Chinese gloss | English gloss | Linghua |
---|---|---|
头 | head | dau²² |
头发 | hair (of head) | dau²²pei²²/⁵⁵ |
脸 | face | miɛ⁴⁴ |
耳朵 | ear | niɛ³³tɔ³³ |
眼睛 | eye | ŋai³³tɬiɛ⁵⁵ |
鼻子 | nose | bi²²haŋ³³ |
嘴 | mouth | hau³³ |
舌头 | tongue | iɛ²²liɛ³³ |
牙齿 | tooth | ŋa²²tɬʰl̩³³ |
脖子 | neck | tɕiɛ³³kuai³³ |
肩 | shoulder | kai⁵⁵dau²² |
脊背 | back | pei⁴⁴ |
手 | hand | ɕiu³³ |
脚 | leg, foot | tɕiɔ²² |
心 | heart | ɬiŋ⁵⁵ |
肉 | meat, flesh | nai⁴⁴ |
皮 | skin | bi²² |
骨头 | bone | gy³³ |
左 | left (side) | tɬɔ³³ |
右 | right (side) | iu⁴⁴ |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Wang, Fushi 王辅世 (2014). "Guangxi Longsheng Linghua jilüe 广西龙胜伶话记略". Wang Fushi yuyan yanjiu wenji 王辅世语言研究文集. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China). ISBN 978-7-5097-5966-0. (Originally published in Fangyan 方言 1979(2):137-141; 1979(3):231-240)
- He Danpeng [何丹鵬]. 2009. 廣西龍勝伶話語音的歷史層次研究 [Study of the Longsheng (Guangxi) Linghua phonology and its historical strata]. Ph.D. dissertation. City University of Hong Kong.
- Ming studies, 34–35:55, University of Minnesota, 1990