List of rulers of the pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran
The Elamites settlement was in southwestern Iran, where is modern Khuzestan, Ilam, Fars, Bushehr, Lorestan, Bakhtiari and Kohgiluyeh provinces. Their language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and they were the geographic ancestors of the Achaemenid/Persian empire. For a full list of Elamite major and minor kings see:
Western Kingdoms, c. 2550 – c. 700 BCE
[edit]Some scholars suggested that Marhasi were located in southeastern Iran.
- Migirenlil (c. 2550 BCE)
- Unnamed King (c. 2325 BCE)
- Abalgamash (c. 2316 – 2312 BCE), revolted against Rimush of Akkad
- Hubshumkibi (c. 2270 BCE contemporary with Naram-Sin king of Akkad)
- Unnamed King (c. 2080 BCE)
- Hashibatal (c. 2070 BCE contemporary with Shulgi king of Ur)
- Arvilukpi (c. 2050 BCE contemporary with Amar-Sin king of Ur)
- Pariashum (c. 2045 BCE contemporary with Amar-Sin king of Ur)
- Libanugshabash (2044–c. 2033 BCE)
- Mashhundahli (c. 2020 BCE contemporary with Ibbi-Sin king of Ur)
- Tishari (c. 2350 BCE)
- Inbir (c. 2290 BCE)
- Sadarmat (c. 2270 BCE)
- Arisen (c. 2260 BCE)
- Unknown Queen (c. 1764 BCE)
- Karziyabku (c. 1200 BCE)
- Ritti-Marduk (c. 1110 BCE)
- Marduk-Mudammiq (until 844/2 BCE)
- Ianzu (844/2–835/4 BCE)
- The unnamed prince of Zakhara (c. 2315 BCE)
- Ungapi (c. 2315 BCE). Regent of Zakhara
- The unnamed king of Zakhara (after 2254 BCE)
- Kisari (c. 2071–c. 2050 BCE)
- Warad-Nannar (c. 2035 BCE)
Northwestern Kingdoms, c. 2400 – 521 BCE
[edit]- Immashkush (c. 2400 BCE)
- Anubanini (c. 2350 BCE) he ordered to make an inscription on the rock near Sar-e Pol-e Zahab
- Satuni (c. 2270 BCE contemporary with Naram-Sin king of Akkad and Khita king of Awan)
- Irib (c. 2037 BCE)
- Darianam (c. 2000 BCE)
- Ikki (precise dates unknown)
- Tar ... duni (precise dates unknown) son of Ikki. his inscription is found near the inscription of Anubanini
- Nur-Adad (c. 881 – 880 BCE)
- Zabini (c. 881 BCE)
- Hubaia (c. 830 BCE) vassal of Assyrians
- Dada (c. 715 BCE)
- Larkutla (c. 675 BCE)
- Unknown king (c. 883–c. 880 BCE)
- Asau (c. mid-9th century BCE)
- Upu (c. 827 BCE)
- Nikdiara (c. 856/5–c. 827 BCE)
- Sharsina (c. 821–c. 820 BCE)
- Parnua (c. 713 BCE)
- Ianziburiash (c. 842 BCE)
- Artasari (c. 829 BCE)
- Bēl-apla-iddina (until 716 BCE)
- Itti (c. 711 BCE)
- Pirishati (until 820 BCE) (in Urash)
- Titamashka (c. 820 BCE) (in Sasiashu)
- Kiara (c. 820 BCE) (in Kar-Sibutu)
- Engur (c. 820 BCE) (in Sibaru)
- Zizi (c. 714 BCE) (in Appatar)
- Zala (c. 714 BCE) (in Kit-Patia)
- Barua (precise dates unknown)
- Munsuarta (c. 820 BCE)
- Unknown king (c. 775–c. 772 BCE)
- Ramatea (c. 744 BCE)
- Satareshu (c. 713 BCE)
- Unnamed king of Andia (c. 827 BCE) contemporary with Daian-Ashur military leader of Assyrian empire in western Iran
- Telusina (c. 719 – 715 BCE) who revolted against king of Manna and was defeated by Sargon II king of Assyria
Kishesu kingdom, c. 830–c. 710 BCE
[edit]Sagbitu kingdom, c. 820–c. 710 BCE
[edit]Abdadana kingdom, c. 810–c. 710 BCE
[edit]- The unnamed king of Zikartu (c. 744 BCE)
- Mettati (c. 719 – 714 BCE)
- Bagparna (from 714 BCE)
- Tritantaechmes (until July 15, 521 BCE)
Median dynasty, 726–521 BCE
[edit]The Medes were an Iranian people. The Persians, a closely related and subject people, revolted against the Median empire during the 6th century BCE.
Throne Name | Original Name | Portrait | Title | Born-Died | Entered office | Left office | Family Relations | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median dynasty,[3] 726–521 BCE | |||||||||
1 | Deioces | Dahyuka | ![]() | ? – 674 BCE | 726 BCE | 674 BCE | son of Phraortes | Deposed by Assyrians | |
2 | Phraortes | Fravartiš | ? – 652 BCE | 674 BCE | 652 BCE | son of Deioces | Killed in battle with Assyrians and Scythians. Domination of Scythian kingdom 652–625 BCE | ||
3 | Cyaxares | Huvaxšaθra | ![]() | ? – 585 BCE | 625 BCE | 585 BCE | son of Phraortes | Allied with Nabopolassar of Babylon and destroyed Assyria | |
4 | Astyages | Arštivaigah | ![]() | ? – 585 BCE | 585 BCE | 550 BCE | son of Cyaxares | Deposed and later killed | |
5 | Cyaxares II | Huvaxšaθra | ? – May 521 BCE | December 522 BCE | May 8, 521 BCE | descendant of Cyaxares | Killed by Darius I |
Uriaku kingdom, c. 720–c. 700 BCE
[edit]Karzinu kingdom, c. 720–c. 700 BCE
[edit]- Dusanni (r. c. 670 BCE)
- Išpakaia (unknown - c. 679 BCE)
- Partatua (c. 679 BCE - c. 658/9 BCE), possible son of Išpakaia
- Madea (c. 658/9 BCE – 625 BCE), son of Partatua
Southern Kingdoms, c. 710–550 BCE
[edit]Achaemenid Kings of Parsumash, c. 710–c. 635 BCE
[edit]- Achaemenes, founder of the dynasty.
- Teispes (I) son of Achaemenes c. 710–c. 685 BCE
- Cambyses (I) son of Teispes (I) c. 685–c. 660 BCE
- Cyrus (I) son of Cambyses (I) c. 660–c. 635 BCE
Achaemenid Kings of Anshan, c. 635 – 550 BCE
[edit]- Teispes of Anshan, or Teispes (II) son of Achaemenes or Cyrus (I), king of Persia, king of Anshan, c. 635–c. 610 BCE[4]
- Cyrus I of Anshan or Cyrus (II), son of Teispes (II), king of Anshan c. 610–c. 585 BCE[4]
- Cambyses I of Anshan or Cambyses (II), his son, king of Anshan c. 585 – 559 BCE[4]
- Cyrus II the Great or Cyrus (III), his son, king of Anshan 559–529. He conquered the Median Empire in 550 and established the Persian Empire.
- Line of Ariaramnes
- Ariaramnes of Persia, son of Teispes (II), king of Persia. His reign is doubtful.
- Arsames of Persia, son of Ariaramnes, king of Persia until 550, died after 520. His reign is doubtful.
- His son Hystaspes was Satrap of Parthia under Cambyses II, Smerdis and his son Darius.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Qashqai, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997.
- ^ Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran
- ^ a b c Miroschedji, 1985. [full citation needed]
Bibliography
[edit]- Cameron, George, "History of Early Iran", Chicago, 1936 (repr., Chicago, 1969; tr. E.-J. Levin, L’histoire de l’Iran antique, Paris, 1937; tr. H. Anusheh, ایران در سپیده دم تاریخ, Tehran, 1993)
- D’yakonov, I. M., "Istoriya Midii ot drevenĭshikh vremen do kontsa IV beka de e.E" (The history of Media from ancient times to the end of the 4th century BCE), Moscow and Leningrad, 1956; tr. Karim Kešāvarz as Tāriḵ-e Mād, Tehran, 1966.
- Hinz, W., "The Lost World of Elam", London, 1972 (tr. F. Firuznia, دنیای گمشده ایلام, Tehran, 1992)
- Legrain, Leon, "Historical Fragments", Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications of the Babylonian Section, vol. XIII, 1922.
- Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Elam", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1991.
- Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Mesopotamia", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1997, vol.1.
- Potts, D. T., The Archaeology of Elam, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
- Qashqai, Hamidreza, Chronicle of early Iran history, Tehran, Avegan press, 2011 (in Persian: گاهنمای سپیده دم تاریخ در ایران )
- Boardman, John; Edwards, I. E. S.; Sollberger, E.; Hammond, N. G. L., eds. (1992). The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume III, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-2717-9.
- Gershevitch, Ilya, ed. (1985). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 2: The Median and Achaemenian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20091-1.
- Vallat, Francois. Elam: The History of Elam. Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. VIII pp. 301-313. London/New York, 1998.