Ma (Mongolic)

Ma
Ma
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

Ma is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^{: 13, 17, 24}^[3]^: 546^[4]^{: 212, 214}
m	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠮ‍	Initial
‍ᠮ‍	Medial (syllable-initial)
‍ᠮ‍	Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠮ	Final

C-V syllables^[6]^: 8
m‑a, m‑e	ma, me	mi	mo, mu	mö, mü	Transliteration
—	ᠮᠠ ^{[note 2]}	ᠮᠢ	ᠮᠣ᠋	ᠮᠥ᠋	Alone
	ᠮᠠ‍	ᠮᠢ‍	ᠮᠣ‍	ᠮᠥ‍	Initial
	‍ᠮᠠ‍	‍ᠮᠢ‍	‍ᠮᠣ‍		Medial
‍ᠮ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩	‍ᠮᠠ	‍ᠮᠢ	‍ᠮᠣ		Final

Transcribes Chakhar /m/;^[9]^[10] Khalkha /m/.^[11]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter м.^[6]^[5]
Derived from Old Uyghur mem (𐽹).^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[12]^{: 111, 113}^[13]^: 35
Produced with M using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[14]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, m comes after γ/g and before l.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[5]
^ As in the exclamation ᠮᠠ/ᠮᠠᠢ ma/mai (ма(й) ma(i)) 'here, take it'.^[8]^{: 519, 522}

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ ^a ^b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[7]
^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[6] Scholarly transliteration.^[5]

[10] As in the exclamation ᠮᠠ/ᠮᠠᠢ ma/mai (ма(й) ma(i)) 'here, take it'.^[8]^{: 519, 522}

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[Sanders2015-4] Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.

[EKIMn2006-5] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[Skorodumova2000-7] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[8] "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.

[Lessing1960-9] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[7]

[CJVLang2013-11] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-12] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-13] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[Clauson2005-14] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[Janhunen2006-15] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[16] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

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