O (Mongolic)

O
O
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

O is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^{: 17, 19–20}^[3]^: 546
o	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠣ ^{[note 2]}	Alone
ᠣ‍	Initial
‍ᠣ‍	Medial
‍ᠣ	Final

Ligatures^[2]^: 22–23^[3]^: 546
bo	po	Transliteration
ᠪᠣ	ᠫᠣ	Alone
ᠪᠣ‍	ᠫᠣ‍	Initial
‍ᠪᠣ‍	‍ᠫᠣ‍	Medial
‍ᠪᠣ	‍ᠫᠣ	Final

Transcribes Chakhar /ɔ/;^[7]^[8] Khalkha /ɔ/, /ə/, and /∅/.^[9]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter о.^[10]^[4]
Indistinguishable from u, except where o can be inferred from its context:
- o is found in medial or final syllables if it's also found syllable-initially (and occasionally after a syllable-initial i).^[2]^: 11, 19^[11]^: 9–10
‍ᠣ᠋ = the final form used in loanwords, as in ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ radio (радио radio).^[10]^: 48^[12]^: 36^[13]
‍ᠣ᠋‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.^[12]^: 44
Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[14]^{: 111, 113}^[12]^: 35
Produced with W using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[15]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, o comes after i and before u.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[4]
^ As in ᠣ о (оо oo) 'powder' in general; 'face powder'.^[6]^{: 598, 625}

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[5]
^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ ^a ^b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[5] Scholarly transliteration.^[4]

[8] As in ᠣ о (оо oo) 'powder' in general; 'face powder'.^[6]^{: 598, 625}

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[EKIMn2006-4] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[6] "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.

[Lessing1960-7] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[5]

[CJVLang2013-9] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-10] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-11] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[Skorodumova2000-12] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[Grønbech1993-13] Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.

[Janhunen2006-14] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[MnToli-15] "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Clauson2005-16] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[17] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

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