Mykolaiv Oblast

Mykolaiv Oblast
Миколаївська область
Oblast
Mykolaivska oblast[1]
Flag of Mykolaiv Oblast
Flag
Coat of arms of Mykolaiv Oblast
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Миколаївщина (Mykolaivshchyna)
Pre-July 2020 boundary shown
Pre-July 2020 boundary shown
Coordinates: 47°26′N 31°48′E / 47.43°N 31.80°E / 47.43; 31.80
Country Ukraine
Administrative centerMykolaiv
Government
 • GovernorVitaliy Kim[2]
 • Oblast council64 seats
 • ChairpersonAnton Tabunshchyk (acting)
Area
 • Oblast
24,598 km2 (9,497 sq mi)
 • RankRanked 14th
Population
 (2022)[3]
 • Oblast
1,091,821
 • RankRanked 18th
 • Density44/km2 (110/sq mi)
 • Urban
750,698
 • Rural
341,123
GDP
[4]
 • Total₴ 124 billion
(€3.2 billion)
 • Per capita₴ 112,864
(€2,900)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
54000-56999
Area code+380-51
ISO 3166 codeUA-48
Raions4
Cities (total)10
• Regional cities5
Urban-type settlements17
Villages820
HDI (2022)0.740[5]
high
FIPS 10-4UP16
Websitewww.mk.gov.ua
www.mk-oblrada.gov.ua

Mykolaiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Миколаївська область, romanized: Mykolaivska oblast, IPA: [mɪkoˈlɑjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Mykolaivshchyna (Ukrainian: Миколаївщина, IPA: [mɪkoˈlɑjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Mykolaiv. At the most recent estimate, the population of the oblast stood at 1,091,821 (2022 estimate).[3]

History

[edit]
Ruins of Olbia

Historically, at various times, the territory was ruled either entirely or partly by Scythia, ancient Greeks, Old Great Bulgaria, Khazars, Kipchaks, the Mongol Empire, Lithuania, the Crimean Khanate, the Ottoman Empire, Poland, and Russia. Historic cities of greatest importance were ancient Olbia and the late medieval port city of Ochakiv. In the late 17th and 18th centuries the tripoint of three early modern great powers, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire and Russia, was located at the site of the current second-largest city of Mykolaiv Oblast, Pervomaisk, a city formed by the merger of the former Polish town of Bohopol, Russian town of Olviopol and Ottoman village of Holta.[6][7]

The oblast was established within Soviet Ukraine in 1937. During World War II, it was occupied by Germany in 1941–1944.

Further information: Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian army invaded the province from Kherson Oblast, attacking as far northwest as Voznesensk. They were repulsed at Voznesensk, and their attempt to take Mykolaiv failed. From April 2022, almost all of the province was under Ukrainian control, apart from the extreme south-east and the Kinburn peninsula. When Russia annexed Kherson Oblast in September 2022, it incorporated the occupied areas of Mykolaiv Oblast. A Ukrainian military official announced a Russian withdrawal from Mykolaiv Oblast on 10 November 2022.[8]

On 4–5 July 2022 during an international Ukraine Recovery Conference (URC 2022) in Lugano, Switzerland pledged to support the rebuilding of Mykolaiv region.[9]

Geography

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Mykolaiv Oblast is located in the southern half of Ukraine. Its area (24,600 km²) comprises about 4.07% of the total area of Ukraine.

Mykolaiv Oblast borders upon Odesa Oblast in the west-southwest, Kirovohrad Oblast in the north, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in the northeast, and Kherson Oblast on the southeast.

To the south, the oblast is also bordered by the Black Sea. To Mykolaiv Oblast belong Kinburn Peninsula, Berezan Island in Black Sea, Pervomaisky Island in Dnieper Estuary.

Historically, it is located in Yedisan (central and southern parts), Zaporizhzhia (northern part) and Podolia (north-western part). Pervomaisk, the second largest city of the province, is located at the tripoint of the three historic regions.

In regards to relief, Mykolaiv Oblast is a plain that gently slopes in southern direction.[10] Bigger portion of the territory lays within Black Sea Lowland.[10] To the north there are spurs of Podolian and Dnieper uplands.[10] Among major valuable deposits and minerals there are nickel, uranium ores, granite, gneiss, quartzites.[10]

The climate is moderately continental with a mild winter of small snow amount and hot arid summer.[10]

In the territory of the region are eighty-five rivers that belong to basin of the Black Sea.[10] Among main rivers there are the Southern Bug (Boh) which splits the oblast into eastern and western parts, Inhulets, and Berezan.[10]

Points of interest

[edit]

The following historic-cultural sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine or Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine.

Demographics

[edit]
Mykolaiv, capital and largest city of the oblast and a major port city
Pervomaisk, second largest city of the oblast, created by merger of the towns of Bohopil, Holta and Olviopol
Pivdennoukrainsk, third largest city of the oblast, home to the South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant

The estimated population was 1.2 million people in 2005. The greater part of the oblast's population resided in urban type settlements (66%), with the remainder residing in agricultural areas. Also, almost 60% of the urban population resided in Mykolaiv, the industrial, cultural and administrative center of Mykolaiv Oblast.

As of 2021, the total population of the oblast was estimated at 1,108,394 inhabitants, with 761,278 (68.7%) residing in urban areas and the remaining 347,116 (31.3%) living in rural areas. The city of Mykolaiv, home to 341,123 residents, constituted 68.8% of the urban population of Mykolaiv Oblast.[3]

The oblast's population density is one of the lowest in Ukraine – 45 inhabitants per square kilometre (120/sq mi). Mykolaiv Oblast contains 2.7% of the population of Ukraine, by percentage share ranking 19th among Ukrainian oblasts and territories.

Age structure

[edit]
0-14 years: 14.7% Increase (male 88,668/female 83,434)
15-64 years: 70.7% Decrease (male 396,342/female 432,808)
65 years and over: 14.6% Steady (male 56,527/female 114,987) (2013 official)

Median age

[edit]
total: 39.7 years Increase
male: 36.3 years Increase
female: 42.9 years Increase (2013 official)

Ethnicity, language and citizenship

[edit]

The oblast has a multi-ethnic composition; people of more than 100 ethnicities (national groups) live in the oblast.[11] The most common language in the oblast is Ukrainian; the second most common language is Russian.[12] In the city of Mykolaiv the most common language is Russian.[13]

At the time of the 2001 census, the oblast had 1,269,900 permanent residents.[14] Of these:

  • 1,251,100 (99.1%) had Ukrainian citizenship.[14]
  • 6,400 had citizenship of CIS countries.[14]
  • 10,200 had citizenship of other countries.[14]
  • 4,200 were without citizenship.[14]
  • 1,000 who did not specify their citizenship.[14]
Ethnicity
("Nationality") 		Permanent residents 2001 Mother Tongue 2001 [12] Permanent residents 1989 Mother Tongue 1989 [12]
Number [11] % [11] Ukrainian Russian % [11] Ukrainian Russian
All ethnicities [14] 1,269,900 100.0% 69.2% 29.3% 100.0% 64.2% 33.8%
Ukrainian 1,034,400 81.9% 82.4% 17.5% 75.6%
Russian 177,500 14.1% 6.2% 93.7% 19.4%
Moldovan 13,200 1.0% 28.5% 16.8% 1.3%
Belarusian 8,400 0.7% 21.8% 58.5% 1.1%
Bulgarian 5,600 0.4% 16.9% 53.2% 0.5%
Armenian 4,300 0.3% 7.1% 35.8% 0.1%
Jewish 3,300 0.3% 10.1% 87.4% 0.9%
Korean 1,800 0.1% 6.3% 70.8% 0.0%
Azerbaijani 1,500 0.1% 8.1% 33.3% 0.1%
Gypsy (Roma) 1,400 0.1% 38.7% 15.2% 0.1%
Polish 1,300 0.1% 47.4% 44.1% 0.2%
Tatar 1,300 0.1% 7.3% 73.5% 0.1%
German 1,200 0.1% 26.8% 67.7% 0.1%
Other 7,700 0.7% 13.8% 37.3% 0.5%

Administrative divisions

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Main article: Administrative divisions of Mykolaiv Oblast

Mykolaiv Oblast formed in September 1937. it is subdivided into various areas, mostly raions. The subdivisions changed in 2020.

Administrative divisions (18 July 2020 to present)

[edit]
Current raions of Mykolaiv Oblast as of August 2020.

On 18 July 2020, the number of Mykolaiv Oblast subdivisions was reduced to four raions.[15][16] These are:

  1. Bashtanka (Баштанський район), the center is in the town of Bashtanka;
  2. Mykolaiv (Миколаївський район), the center is in the city of Mykolaiv;
  3. Pervomaisk (Первомайський район), the center is in the town of Pervomaisk;
  4. Voznesensk (Вознесенський район), the center is in the town of Voznesensk.

Administrative divisions (to 17 July 2020)

[edit]
Former raions of Mykolaiv Oblast as of June 2020. The city of Mykolaiv is shown in dark blue.

Before July 2020, Mykolaiv Oblast was subdivided into 24 regions: 19 raions (administrative districts) and 5 city municipalities (mis'krada or misto), officially known as territories governed by city councils[17] which are directly subordinate to the oblast government.

Name Ukrainian Name Area
(km2)		 Population
census 2015[18]		 Admin.center Urban Population Only
Mykolaiv Миколаїв (місто) 260 493,860 Mykolaiv (city) 493,860
Pervomaisk Первомайськ (місто) 25 66,677 Pervomaisk (city) 66,677
Voznesensk Вознесенськ (місто) 23 35,520 Voznesensk (city) 35,520
Yuzhnoukrainsk Южноукраїнськ (місто) 24 40,353 Yuzhnoukrainsk (city) 40,353
Arbuzynka Raion Арбузинський (район) 969 20,198 Arbuzynka 8,543
Bashtanka Raion Баштанський (район) 1,706 37,721 Bashtanka 12,640
Berezanka Raion Березанський (район) 1,378 23,409 Berezanka 4,120
Bereznehuvate Raion Березнегуватський (район) 1,264 20,387 Bereznehuvate 7,742
Bratske Raion Братський (район) 1,129 18,037 Bratske 5,325
Domanivka Raion Доманівський (район) 1,458 25,500 Domanivka 6,137
Kazanka Raion Казанківський (район) 1,349 19,745 Kazanka 7,207
Kryve Ozero Raion Кривоозерський (район) 814 24,905 Kryve Ozero 7,823
Mykolaiv Raion Миколаївський (район) 1,430 30,448 Mykolaiv (city) N/A *
Novyi Buh Raion Новобузький (район) 1,243 31,199 Novyi Buh 15,566
Nova Odesa Raion Новоодеський (район) 1,428 33,602 Nova Odesa 12,108
Ochakiv Raion Очаківський (район) 1,500 29,949 Ochakiv 14,489
Pervomaisk Raion Первомайський (район) 1,319 30,275 Pervomaisk (city) N/A *
Snihurivka Raion Снігурівський (район) 1,350 40,420 Snihurivka 12,870
Veselynove Raion Веселинівський (район) 1,245 23,161 Veselynove 8,060
Vitovka Raion Вітовській (район) 1,460 50,565 Mykolaiv (city) N/A *
Voznesensk Raion Вознесенський (район) 1,392 30,562 Voznesensk (city) N/A *
Vradiivka Raion Врадіївський (район) 801 17,611 Vradiivka 8,391
Yelanets Raion Єланецький (район) 1,018 15,530 Yelanets 4,912
Total Oblast Миколаївська (Область) 24,585 1,159,634 791,227

Note: Asterisks (*) Though the administrative center of the rayon is housed in the city/town that it is named after, cities do not answer to the rayon authorities only towns do; instead they are directly subordinated to the oblast government and therefore are not counted as part of rayon statistics.

At a lower level of administration, these district-level administrations are subdivided into:

  • Settlements — 922, including:
    • Villages — 896;
    • Cities/Towns — 21, including:
      • Cities of raion subordinance — 4 (Bashtanka, Novyi Buh, Nova Odesa and Snihurivka);
      • Urban-type settlement — 17;
  • Selsovets — 287.

The local administration of the oblast is controlled by the Mykolaiv Oblast Rada. The governor of the oblast is the Mykolaiv Oblast Rada speaker, appointed by the President of Ukraine.

Further information: List of cities in Mykolaiv Oblast

Infrastructure and economy

[edit]

Public opinion

[edit]

During the 1991 referendum, 89.45% of votes in Mykolaiv Oblast were in favor of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine. A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 2.1% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 95.5% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond.[19]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Syvak, Nina; Ponomarenko, Valerii; Khodzinska, Olha; Lakeichuk, Iryna (2011). Veklych, Lesia (ed.). Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use (PDF). scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska. Kyiv: DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia. p. 20. ISBN 978-966-475-839-7. Retrieved 2020-10-06. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Zelensky appoints new head of Mykolaiv Regional State Administration, Ukrinform (26 November 2020)
  3. ^ a b c Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Валовии регіональнии продукт".
  5. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
  6. ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III (in Polish). Warszawa. 1882. p. 113.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ "Pervomaisk". encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  8. ^ Ukraine war: Kyiv claims major gains as Russia exits Kherson, BBC News
  9. ^ "Rebuilding Ukraine will cost $750 billion". www.brusselstimes.com. The Brussels Times. Retrieved 2022-07-11.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Vermenych, Ya. Mykolaiv Oblast (МИКОЛАЇВСЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2009
  11. ^ a b c d National composition of population. About number and composition population of Mykolaiv Region by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001, State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, 2003–2004
  12. ^ a b c Linguistic composition of the population. About number and composition population of Mykolaiv Region by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001, State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, 2003–2004
  13. ^ In a survey in 2017, 63% of the population of the city of Mykolaiv spoke Russian at home, 7% Ukrainian, and 28% spoke both Ukrainian and Russian equally.
    "Public Opinion Survey of Residents of Ukraine June 9 – July 7, 2017" (PDF). iri.org. August 2017. p. 89. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Permanent population. About number and composition population of Mykolaiv Region by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001, State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, 2003–2004
  15. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  16. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  17. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  18. ^ "Population Quantity". UkrStat (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  19. ^ Лише 3% українців хочуть приєднання їх області до Росії [Only 3% of Ukrainians want their region to become part of Russia]. Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (in Ukrainian). 3 January 2015.
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