October 1936

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The following events occurred in October 1936:

October 1, 1936 (Thursday)

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October 2, 1936 (Friday)

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October 3, 1936 (Saturday)

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October 4, 1936 (Sunday)

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October 5, 1936 (Monday)

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October 6, 1936 (Tuesday)

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October 7, 1936 (Wednesday)

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October 8, 1936 (Thursday)

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  • Germany fired back at the Soviet Union, saying that it was "hardly sincere" that Russia would "accuse other states of doing what it itself has long been doing." Germany denied sending airplanes or other military supplies to Spain.[15]
  • The first episode of the British television programme Picture Page was broadcast.
  • Died: Red Ames, 54, American baseball player; Cheiro, 69, Irish astrologer; William Henry Stark, 85, American industrial leader

October 9, 1936 (Friday)

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October 10, 1936 (Saturday)

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October 11, 1936 (Sunday)

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October 12, 1936 (Monday)

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October 13, 1936 (Tuesday)

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  • Uruguay barred "common transgressors, rogues, drug fiends, vagabonds, customary drunks and persons expelled from other nations" from entering the country.[24]
  • The American general interest magazine Coronet was first published.
  • Died: John H. Hill, African-American attorney, military officer, and school administrator, President of West Virginia State University (1894-1898) (b. 1852)

October 14, 1936 (Wednesday)

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October 15, 1936 (Thursday)

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  • The Battle of Sigüenza ended in a Nationalist victory.
  • The British press observed an unofficial policy of self-censorship and refrained from publishing reports of Mrs. Simpson's divorce proceedings. In the United States the story was front-page news.[28][29] The story was also reported freely in France, but the news was completely suppressed in Germany, Italy, Russia, Greece and the British Colonies.[30]
  • Jewish teachers were banned from public schools in Nazi Germany.[31]
  • The city of Toyonaka, Osaka was founded in Japan.

October 16, 1936 (Friday)

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  • The Siege of Oviedo ended in Nationalist victory.
  • Newspaper proprietor Lord Beaverbrook called on King Edward VIII and declared he would help enforce a voluntary media blackout on the king's relationship with Mrs. Simpson.[32]
  • Rumors of King Edward's relationship with Mrs. Simpson spread throughout England as the odds of Edward actually marrying her began to be weighed in the foreign press.[33][34] American newspapers began disappearing from British newsstands without explanation.[35] However, foreign magazines delivered to subscribers through the mail were arriving untouched.[36]
  • Paris went dark for one hour starting at 9:30 p.m. so a mock bombing raid could be conducted.[37]
  • Born: Gerardo Gandini, pianist and composer, in Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 2013)

October 17, 1936 (Saturday)

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October 18, 1936 (Sunday)

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  • The Cansiglio earthquake in northeast Italy killed 19 people.
  • Nationalists captured Illescas, Toledo.[39]
  • The Sunday Referee somewhat broke the self-censorship policy of the British press by writing that "within the last day or so rumors from abroad have grown that the king is to marry before next May. If that were so, postponement (of his coronation) would be inevitable."[40]

October 19, 1936 (Monday)

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October 20, 1936 (Tuesday)

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  • Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano arrived in Berlin for official talks with Germany.[42]

October 21, 1936 (Wednesday)

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October 22, 1936 (Thursday)

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  • The Belgian Rexist Party announced its intention to march on Brussels in a conscious imitation of Mussolini's March on Rome in order to "sweep out the Paul van Zeeland government and its corruption" despite a government order banning the march. Van Zeeland made a national radio address that evening appealing for calm and announcing measures that amounted to martial law.[44][45]
  • General José Miaja was put in charge of the defence of Madrid.[46]
  • The British press continued to tiptoe around the Edward VIII abdication crisis. London publication The News Week wrote that "the effects of the unofficial censorship have been disastrous, giving the impression abroad that there is something to hide." The weekly publication Cavalcade, which had been running articles about the king and his friendship with Mrs. Simpson for weeks, ran a short notice of Simpson's divorce suit and mentioned that thousands of words had been published in the United States about it. The Guardian ran an article about the possibility of the king's coronation being postponed but avoided any direct explanation for why a postponement might take place.[47]
  • Dod Orsborne, captain of the Girl Pat was convicted and imprisoned of its theft, having caused a media sensation when it went missing.[48]
  • Died: James J. Couzens, 64, American politician

October 23, 1936 (Friday)

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  • The Soviet Union informed the European committee of non-intervention in Spain that Russia would no longer be bound by the neutrality agreement. The note repeated the previous charge that Germany, Italy and Portugal had already violated the pact.[49]
  • Hitler ordered the Condor Legion to Spain to fight for the Nationalists.[11]

October 24, 1936 (Saturday)

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October 25, 1936 (Sunday)

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  • The alliance soon to be known as the Rome-Berlin Axis was formed when Germany and Italy agreed on a pact.[9]
  • The Rexist "March on Brussels" ended up as an embarrassment due to low turnout and rowdiness by those who did show up. Several hundred arrests were made and Rexist leader Léon Degrelle was taken into custody when he tried to address his followers, though he was soon released.[45][51]
  • 510 tons of "Moscow gold" departed Cartagena for Odessa.[6]
  • Meeting of Okinawan martial arts masters hold a meeting in Showa Kaikan Hall, Naha, Okinawa, and officially renamed Te (or 'Tang Hand', 唐手道) the traditional systems of martial arts on the island, to Karate (or 'Empty Hand', 空手道), as well as introducing the Karategi and standardising rules and techniques in Karate.
  • Born: Martin Gilbert, historian, in London, England (d. 2015); Masako Nozawa, actress, in Tokyo, Japan
  • Died: Robert Temple Emmet, 81, U.S. Army Colonel

October 26, 1936 (Monday)

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Stalin
  • Joseph Stalin responded to rumors that he was dead by releasing a handwritten note that read: "I know from reports of the foreign press that I long ago abandoned this sinful world and moved into the other world. As one cannot doubt such foreign press dispatches unless he wants to be expelled from the list of civilized people, I request you to believe them and don't disturb me in the calm of the other world. With respect, J. Stalin."[52]
  • Born: Shelley Morrison, actress, in New York City (d. 2019)

October 27, 1936 (Tuesday)

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  • A judge in Ipswich granted Wallis Simpson a divorce from her husband Ernest, on the grounds that he had been unfaithful. She would be free to marry again after six months.[53] British newspaper The Guardian reported the story but buried it on page 10.[54]

October 28, 1936 (Wednesday)

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October 29, 1936 (Thursday)

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October 30, 1936 (Friday)

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October 31, 1936 (Saturday)

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References

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  1. ^ Payne, Stanley G. (1987). The Franco Regime, 1936–1975. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-0-299-11070-3.
  2. ^ Buckley, Henry (October 2, 1936). "Madrid Grants Home Rule to Basque Country". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
  3. ^ "Al Smith Out for Landon". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 2, 1936. p. 1.
  4. ^ "Foe of Austrian Prince Cast Out of Private Army". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 3, 1936. p. 12.
  5. ^ "Japan Typhoon Toll Put at 70". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 3, 1936. p. 1.
  6. ^ a b c Cortada, James W., ed. (1982). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 503. ISBN 0-313-22054-9.
  7. ^ Ruiz, Julius (2014). The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War. Cambridge University Press. pp. 185–186. ISBN 978-1-107-05454-7.
  8. ^ "Mobs of Reds Riot in Paris". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 5, 1936. p. 1.
  9. ^ a b c "Chronology 1936". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d "1936". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on June 10, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 473. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  12. ^ Gottlieb, Julie V. (2003). Feminine Fascism: Women in Britain's Fascist Movement, 1923–45. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-86064-918-9.
  13. ^ "Russia Warns 3 Nations, Hands Off Spain's War". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 8, 1936. p. 1.
  14. ^ a b Jurado, Carlos Caballero (2006). The Condor Legion: German Troops in the Spanish Civil War. Osprey Publishing. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-1-84176-899-1.
  15. ^ "Germany Looses Counterblast on Soviet Threat". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 9, 1936. p. 15.
  16. ^ "Nations Clash, Dodge Action in Row Over Spain". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 10, 1936. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Duce Orders War Industries to Speed Up Arms Production". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 11, 1936. p. 20.
  18. ^ "Typhoon Lashes Philippines; 109 Die; 400 Missing". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 12, 1936. p. 5.
  19. ^ "Philippine Death Toll in typhoon Climbs to 310". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 13, 1936. p. 17.
  20. ^ "British Women Make Bombs Again; 1st Time Since War". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 10, 1936. p. 12.
  21. ^ "Arabs Call Off General Strike in Holy Land; Country Rejoices". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 12, 1936. p. 12.
  22. ^ a b "Fascist Youths Beat Jews in London Rioting". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 12, 1936. p. 12.
  23. ^ Zaloga, Steven J. (2010). Spanish Civil War Tanks: The Proving Ground for Blitzkrieg. Osprey Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-84603-512-8.
  24. ^ "Uruguay Bars 'Rogues, Dope Fiends, Vagabonds, Drunks'". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 14, 1936. p. 21.
  25. ^ "Mrs. Simpson, Friend of King, Seeks Divorce". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 15, 1936. p. 1.
  26. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 1868. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5.
  27. ^ "King Ends Tradition Of Xmas Message". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 14, 1936. p. 1.
  28. ^ "London Hushes Divorce Suit of King's Friend". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 16, 1936. p. 1.
  29. ^ "Mrs. Simpson Charges Misconduct in Suit; Action Uncontested". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 15, 1936. p. 1.
  30. ^ "All Save Three Nations At Last Read of King". Chicago Daily Tribune. December 4, 1936. p. 1.
  31. ^ "Antisemitic Legislation 1933–1939". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  32. ^ Sale, Jonathan (October 14, 2002). "Edward VIII news blackout". theguardian.com. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  33. ^ "Only Mrs. Simpson Dares Address King As 'David' in Public". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 16, 1936. p. 1.
  34. ^ "Weigh Chance of Mrs. Simpson Marrying King". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 17, 1936. p. 1.
  35. ^ "American Newspapers Kept From Londoners". Milwaukee Journal. Milwaukee. October 30, 1936. p. 11.
  36. ^ Brewer, Sam (November 18, 1936). "King and Wally Cause Questions in British House". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  37. ^ "Paris Dark Tonight For Air Fleet 'Raid'". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 16, 1936. p. 2.
  38. ^ Colodny, Robert Garland (2010). The Struggle for Madrid: The Central Epic of the Spanish Conflict, 1936–37. Transaction Publishers. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-4128-3924-2.
  39. ^ "Rebels Capture Illescas, 22 Mi. So. of Madrid". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 19, 1936. p. 5.
  40. ^ "London Paper Says King May Wed by Spring". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 18, 1936. p. 2.
  41. ^ a b article about 1936 global race in online publication Air & Space issued by the Smithsonian
  42. ^ "Nazis Welcome Son-in-Law of Duce to Berlin". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 21, 1936. p. 2.
  43. ^ Schmitt, Robert C.; Ronck, Ronn (1995). Firsts and Almost Firsts in Hawai'i. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8248-1282-9.
  44. ^ "Belgian Fascists Plan March on Capital; Defy Cabinet Ban". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 23, 1936. p. 17.
  45. ^ a b Epstein, Jonathan A. (2014). Belgium's Dilemma: The Formation of the Belgian Defense Policy, 1932–1940. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 168. ISBN 978-90-04-26973-6.
  46. ^ Simkin, John (2014). "Spanish Civil War: Chronology". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  47. ^ Darrah, David (October 23, 1936). "Reveals Threat to British Press in Simpson Suit". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
  48. ^ "Both Orsbornes Sent to Gaol". The Manchester Guardian. 23 October 1936. p. 11. ProQuest 484065518. (subscription required)
  49. ^ "Russia Declares Itself Free to Assist Madrid". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 24, 1936. p. 2.
  50. ^ Darrah, David (October 24, 1936). "Portugal and Spain Clash". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  51. ^ "Belgium Tense as Police Beat Fascist Heads". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 26, 1936. p. 2.
  52. ^ "Mark Twain Outdone by Dictator Stalin on Report of Death". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 27, 1936. p. 1.
  53. ^ Darrah, David (October 28, 1936). "Wally Tells Story; Judge Grants Divorce". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  54. ^ Rodrigues, Jason (December 9, 2011). "1936: British press finally break silence on Wallis Simpson affair". theguardian.com. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  55. ^ "Landon Leading in 32 States by Last Test Poll". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 30, 1936. p. 1.
  56. ^ "France Orders Warplane Fleet Raised to 4,000". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 31, 1936. p. 2.