Phytoprogestogen

Phytoprogestogens, also known as phytoprogestins, are phytochemicals (that is, naturally occurring, plant-derived chemicals) with progestogenic effects.^[1]^[2]

Relative to their phytoestrogen counterparts, phytoprogestogens are rare.^[1] However, a number have been identified, including kaempferol, diosgenin (found in yam), apigenin (found in chasteberry),^[1]^[3] naringenin, and syringic acid, among others.^[2] In addition, 3,8-dihydrodiligustilide from Ligusticum chuanxiong is a potent progestogen (EC₅₀ = 90 nM), whereas riligustilide is a weak progestogen (EC₅₀ ≈ 81 μM).^[4]^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Hajirahimkhan, Atieh; Dietz, Birgit; Bolton, Judy (2013). "Botanical Modulation of Menopausal Symptoms: Mechanisms of Action?". Planta Medica. 79 (7): 538–553. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1328187. ISSN 0032-0943. PMC 3800090. PMID 23408273.
^ ^a ^b Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M (1998). "Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices". Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 217 (3): 369–78. doi:10.3181/00379727-217-44247. PMID 9492350. S2CID 20673587.
^ Toh, M.F.; Sohn, J.; Chen, S.N.; Yao, P.; Bolton, J.L.; Burdette, J.E. (2012). "Biological characterization of non-steroidal progestins from botanicals used for women's health". Steroids. 77 (7): 765–773. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2012.03.013. ISSN 0039-128X. PMC 3601661. PMID 22484153.
^ Lim LS, Shen P, Gong YH, Yong EL (2006). "Dimeric progestins from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong". Phytochemistry. 67 (7): 728–34. Bibcode:2006PChem..67..728L. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.024. PMID 16516938.
^ Ahmed, H.M.M.; Yeh, J.Y.; Lin, W.J.; Forsberg, N.E.; Cheng, W.T.K.; Ou, B.R (2014). "Validation of a luciferase bioassay to detect the progestative activity in gilts whose estrus was induced by an uterotonic herb (Ligusticum chuanxiong)". Livestock Science. 163: 159–164. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.02.012. ISSN 1871-1413.

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[HajirahimkhanDietz2013-1] Hajirahimkhan, Atieh; Dietz, Birgit; Bolton, Judy (2013). "Botanical Modulation of Menopausal Symptoms: Mechanisms of Action?". Planta Medica. 79 (7): 538–553. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1328187. ISSN 0032-0943. PMC 3800090. PMID 23408273.

[pmid9492350-2] Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M (1998). "Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices". Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 217 (3): 369–78. doi:10.3181/00379727-217-44247. PMID 9492350. S2CID 20673587.

[TohSohn2012-3] Toh, M.F.; Sohn, J.; Chen, S.N.; Yao, P.; Bolton, J.L.; Burdette, J.E. (2012). "Biological characterization of non-steroidal progestins from botanicals used for women's health". Steroids. 77 (7): 765–773. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2012.03.013. ISSN 0039-128X. PMC 3601661. PMID 22484153.

[pmid16516938-4] Lim LS, Shen P, Gong YH, Yong EL (2006). "Dimeric progestins from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong". Phytochemistry. 67 (7): 728–34. Bibcode:2006PChem..67..728L. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.024. PMID 16516938.

[AhmedYeh2014-5] Ahmed, H.M.M.; Yeh, J.Y.; Lin, W.J.; Forsberg, N.E.; Cheng, W.T.K.; Ou, B.R (2014). "Validation of a luciferase bioassay to detect the progestative activity in gilts whose estrus was induced by an uterotonic herb (Ligusticum chuanxiong)". Livestock Science. 163: 159–164. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.02.012. ISSN 1871-1413.

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