2023 Maldivian presidential election

2023 Maldivian presidential election
← 2018 9 September 2023 (first round)
30 September 2023 (second round)		 2028 →
Turnout79.85% (first round)
87.31% (second round)
 
Nominee Mohamed Muizzu Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Party PNC MDP
Running mate Hussain Mohamed Latheef Mohamed Aslam
Popular vote 129,159 109,868
Percentage 54.04% 45.96%
Second round results by atoll
President before election

Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
MDP

Elected President

Mohamed Muizzu
PNC

Presidential elections were held in the Maldives on Saturday, 9 September 2023, with a second round held on 30 September.[1] Incumbent president Ibrahim Mohamed Solih was seeking re-election, after defeating the-then Speaker of the People's Majlis Mohamed Nasheed in the Maldivian Democratic Party primaries.[2] People's National Congress candidate and Malé mayor Mohamed Muizzu won the election with 54% of the votes, defeating Ibrahim Mohamed Solih and becoming President-elect of the Maldives.[3][4] It was the fourth consecutive election in which a Maldivian president failed to win reelection, the last to do so having been Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who ran unopposed, in 2003.[5]

Background

[edit]

Former president Abdulla Yameen of the Progressive Party of Maldives (PPM) had announced his candidacy for president, but due to his sentencing in 2018 to 11 years in prison for corruption and money laundering due to his connection to the Maldives Marketing and Public Relations Corporation scandal he is ineligible to appear on the ballot. PPM's vice president Mohamed Muizzu purportedly ran on his behalf as a nominee of the PNC, which he also joined before the election. Abdulla Yameen opted to support Muizzu's candidacy after previously calling for a boycott of the election.[6]

Former Minister of Defence and National Security, Mohamed Nazim of the Maldives National Party announced his candidacy for president. The Jumhooree Party announced that they will put forth candidates as well. Ilyas Labeeb of the newly formed The Democrats nominated himself as a candidate for president. Independents Ahmed Faris Maumoon, son of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, Umar Naseer and Hassan Zameel also announced their candidacies for president. This presidential election had the most recorded candidates since the first direct contested election in 2008, where six candidates participated.[7]

As no candidate received over 50% of the vote in the first round, the top two finishers, Muizzu and incumbent Solih, moved on to a runoff.

Electoral system

[edit]

The Maldives has a presidential system of government where the president is both the head of state and government. The president is elected via direct-vote every five years and can only be elected for a maximum of two terms, which is the limit allowed by the constitution.[8][9] The law and constitution of the Maldives grants its citizens the right to vote and run for public office at the age of 18.[10]

In the elections, the candidate who receives a majority (more than 50%) of the valid votes cast is elected president. If no candidate receives an outright majority, the election then proceeds to a runoff (or second round), which are mandated to be held no less than 21 days following the initial election day between the two front runners. The candidate who receives the majority of the vote is then elected president.[9][11] The official results are announced by the Elections Commission and published in the government gazette within seven days of the voting day of the presidential elections.[12]

Candidates

[edit]

Maldivian Democratic Party

[edit]

The Maldivian Democratic Party held primary elections to choose its presidential candidate on 28 January 2023.[13] Nasheed accused Solih of trying to rig the presidential primary.[14] The Chairperson of Maldivian Democratic Party, Fayyaz Ismail, defended the primaries, reiterating that they will be held in accordance with the party constitution.[15]

CandidateVotes%
Ibrahim Mohamed Solih19,09661.40
Mohamed Nasheed12,00538.60
Total31,101100.00
Source: ThePrint[18]

Progressive Congress Coalition

[edit]

Nominated by the Progressive Party of Maldives and People's National Congress.[19]

However, since the Maldivian Criminal Court sentenced former president Yameen to 11 years in prison,[21] Yameen was disqualified from running the presidential election.[22]

Nominated by People's National Congress's as a 'Backup' candidacy.[23]

PNC's president Abdul Raheem said that he would withdraw the candidacy if the Maldivian Supreme Court allowed Yameen to compete in the upcoming elections,[26] which ended up not happening.[27]

The Democrats

[edit]

Nominated by The Democrats, a newly formed political party from the rapidly unfolding power struggle between two pivotal figures in the Maldivian Democratic Party — incumbent president Ibrahim Mohamed Solih and former president Mohamed Nasheed.[28]

Jumhooree Party

[edit]

Finalized by Jumhooree Party's council meeting.[31]

Maldives National Party

[edit]

Nominated by Maldives National Party.[33]

Ahmed Faris Maumoon (independent candidate)

[edit]

Nominated by himself as an independent candidate.[35]

Umar Naseer (independent candidate)

[edit]

Nominated himself as an independent candidate.[37]

Hassan Zameel (independent candidate)

[edit]

Nominated himself as an independent candidate.[39]

Campaign

[edit]

A key campaign topic was the Maldives' position with respect to China and India. The incumbent Ibrahim Mohamed Solih campaigned on an "India-first" policy, aiming to strengthen ties with the Maldives' geographical and cultural neighbour. On the opposite side, Mohamed Muizzu, adopting the slogan "India out", called for Indian military personnel stationed on the archipelago to leave, while campaigning for closer relations with China. This kept in line with the policies of former president Abdulla Yameen, founder of the People's National Congress, under whom the Maldives joined China's Belt and Road Initiative.[40]

Muizzu also campaigned on freeing Yameen, at the time serving an 11-year prison sentence for bribery and money laundering, pushing for the former president to be transferred to house arrest. Jailed on the same island where he arrested several of his political opponents, Yameen had requested to be moved home for health reasons two weeks prior to the election's second round.[41][42]

Second round

[edit]

Muizzu won 46% of the votes in the first round, compared to 39% for Solih. Media sources attributed this result to rivalry between President Solih and former President Mohamed Nasheed, whose chosen candidate Ilyas Labeeb won 7%. As neither Muizzu nor Solih received an absolute majority of the votes cast, a second round was scheduled for 30 September.[43]

Umar Naseer and Ahmed Faris Maumoon did not endorse either candidate for the runoff.[44][45] Mohamed Nazim endorsed Muizzu.[46] While Qasim Ibrahim asked his supporters to vote as they pleased,[47] his running mate Ameen Ibrahim and his party secretariat endorsed Solih.[48]

Results

[edit]
CandidateRunning matePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Mohamed MuizzuHussain Mohamed LatheefPeople's National Congress101,63546.06129,15954.04
Ibrahim Mohamed SolihMohamed AslamMaldivian Democratic Party86,16139.05109,86845.96
Ilyas LabeebHussain AmrThe Democrats15,8397.18
Umar NaseerMaaz SaleemIndependent6,3432.87
Qasim IbrahimAmeen IbrahimJumhooree Party5,4602.47
Ahmed Faris MaumoonAbdul Sattar YoosufIndependent2,9791.35
Mohamed NazimAhmed Adheel NaseerMaldives National Party1,9070.86
Hassan ZameelMariyam AleemIndependent3270.15
Total220,651100.00239,027100.00
Valid votes220,65197.86239,02796.81
Invalid/blank votes4,8352.147,8883.19
Total votes225,486100.00246,915100.00
Registered voters/turnout282,39579.85282,80487.31
Source: Elections Commission, Elections Commission

Reactions

[edit]

Aftermath

[edit]

On the day following the election, Mohamed Muizzu's demands for the liberation of Abdulla Yameen were successful, with the former president being transferred to house arrest.[42]

References

[edit]
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  3. ^ Sharuhan, Mohamed (1 October 2023). "Maldives opposition candidate Mohamed Muiz wins the presidential runoff, local media say". AP News. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
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