Verviers

Verviers
Vervî (Walloon)
Municipality
Palais de Justice (courthouse)
Palais de Justice (courthouse)
Flag of Verviers
Flag
Coat of arms of Verviers
Coat of arms
Location of Verviers
Map
Verviers is located in Belgium
Verviers
Verviers
Location in Belgium
Location of Verviers in the province of Liège
Coordinates: 50°35′N 05°51′E / 50.583°N 5.850°E / 50.583; 5.850
Country Belgium
CommunityFrench Community
RegionWallonia
ProvinceLiège
ArrondissementVerviers
Government
 • MayorMuriel Targnion (PS)
 • Governing party/iesPS-MR-Nouveau Verviers
Area
 • Total
33.01 km2 (12.75 sq mi)
Population
 (2018-01-01)[1]
 • Total
55,198
 • Density1,700/km2 (4,300/sq mi)
Postal codes
4800, 4801, 4802
NIS code
63079
Area codes087
Websitewww.verviers.be

Verviers (French pronunciation: [vɛʁvje] ⓘ; Walloon: Vervî) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Ensival, Heusy, Lambermont, Petit-Rechain, Stembert, and Verviers. It is also the center of an agglomeration that includes Dison and Pepinster, making it the second biggest in the province and an important regional center, located roughly halfway between Liège and the German border.

Water has played an important role in the town's economy, notably in the development first of its textile and later its tourist industries. As a result, many fountains have been built in Verviers, leading it to be named Wallonia's "Water Capital".[2] The seats of the two Walloon public institutions for water distribution and water treatment are located in the town.[2][3]

History

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Early history

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Various flint and bone fragments, as well as Roman coins, were found in this area, attesting to the early settlements in the region. In the 4th century, the Romans had to deal with a constant push of Germanic tribes coming from the east. Successful at first at containing them, they finally had to concede defeat, allowing Clovis's Salian Franks to occupy the region at the end of the 5th century. The Verviers area was covered with forests and became a hunting ground for the Merovingian kings, who maintained a vicus in neighbouring Theux. It was also slowly Christianized by the monks of the nearby Abbey of Stavelot.

Late in the 10th century, Charles the Simple ceded the Marquisate of Franchimont to Notker of Liège, one of Notker's final steps in consolidating the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. Liège took direct control of the marquisate in 1014, an act which was confirmed by emperor Frederick Barbarossa and by Pope Adrian IV in 1155.

15th century to the present

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View of Verviers in the mid-19th century. Watercolor by Joseph Fussell.

The first mention of a textile industry in this area dates from the 15th century. One century later, the cloth industry took the place of the older metallurgical works, thanks in part to the Eighty Years War raging in the neighbouring Netherlands. The size of the town, however, remained relatively modest. It was only in 1651 that the expansion of the fulleries led to Verviers being recognized as one of the prince-bishopric's bonnes villes (main cities).

The end of the 18th century was troubled by the French Revolution. The annexation of Liège to France in 1795 caused a steep economic decline and unprecedented poverty. The city's fortunes rose again after the Battle of Waterloo (1815). Verviers was at the eastern end of the sillon industriel, the industrial backbone of Wallonia. Although the Napoleonic wars brought economic uncertainty, the textile industry continued to grow throughout this period. Industrialist William Cockerill brought his knowledge of the machines already in British industry and introduced mechanization to the factories of Iwan Simonis starting a new era in the Verviers textile industry.[4] Thereafter, roads were paved, gas lighting was installed, and the city doubled in size thanks to the Industrial Revolution. After World War I, Verviers could share with Bradford the title of "Wool Capital of the World".

Film of US First Army headquarters with George Patton on 3 November 1944 in Verviers

2021 floods

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On the night of 14-15 July, the Vesdre burst its banks and caused massive water damage. There was an exceptionally heavy rainfall that night and the dam of the reservoir at Eupen was opened. The human and material damage was incalculable. People spoke of greater damage than during World War II.[citation needed]

Economy

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Verviers was home to a thriving wool and textile industry that was renowned for its quality and contributed greatly to the growth of the town. However, as of the 1950s, the local factories could not face international competition and started closing one after the other which prompted the economic decline of the town. The economy has been slowly recovering since the mid-1990s but remains fragile. Several commercial complexes have opened in recent years in an attempt to revitalize the most affected areas.

Sights

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  • Verviers counts several museums, including the Wool and Fashion Tourist Centre, housed in a former factory with a Neoclassical-style façade.
  • The Grand Theatre, also known as La Bonbonnière, was built in the same style at the end of the 19th century, while the Grand Poste was built in the Neogothic style.
  • The city has a number of interesting fountains and thematic strolling paths.

Notable people

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Education

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Tertiary education

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Tertiary educational institutions include:[5]

  • Haute Ecole de la Province de Liège (Construction)
  • Haute Ecole de la Province de Liège - Bachelier en soins infirmiers
  • Haute Ecole CHarlemagne Verviers
  • HELMO Verviers

Primary and secondary schools

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Secondary schools include:[6]

  • Athénée royal Thil Lorrain Verviers 1
  • Athénée royal Verdi
  • Centre scolaire Saint-François-Xavier
  • Ecole Polytechnique - Enseignement de la Province de Liège
  • Institut Notre Dame
  • Institut Provincial d'Enseignement Secondaire (IPES)
  • Institut Provincial d'Enseignement Secondaire Paramédical de Liège - Huy - Verviers
  • Institut Sainte-Claire
  • Institut Saint-François-Xavier 2
  • Institut Saint-Michel
  • Institut Technique Don Bosco

Demographics

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Verviers has a significant Muslim population, with the proportion estimated to be approximately 25% as of 2020. Much of Verviers' Muslim community is impoverished, and suffers from resentment, causing those disillusioned to become attracted to Islamic extremism as seen notably during the 2015 Verviers police raid on Islamists.[7][8][9]

The migrant communities also suffer from significant unemployment, and are of mainly Turkish and Moroccan origin. Verviers also has Kurdish, Congolese, Chechen, Somali and Sub-Saharan African communities.[10] Like its sister city of Roubaix in France, and Bradford in Britain, with similarly high Muslim populations, migrants from Africa and Asia moved in the 1960s to Verviers to work in industrial mills, and has suffered from subsequent poverty after its manufacturing was outsourced overseas.[11] Many migrants live in the Hodimont section of the town, where there are several Turkish restaurants, African shops, halal butcheries, and mosques.[12]

Group of origin Year
2023[13]
Number %
Belgians with Belgian background 30,135 54.64%
Belgians with foreign background 18,286 33.15%
Neighboring country 1,430 2.59%
EU27 (excluding neighboring country) 3,602 6.53%
Outside EU 27 13,254 24.03%
Non-Belgians 6,735 12.21%
Neighboring country 570 1.03%
EU27 (excluding neighboring country) 1,694 3.07%
Outside EU 27 4,471 8.11%
Total 55,156 100%

Twin cities

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[edit]
  • City Hall
    City Hall
  • Church
    Church
  • Church: Notre Dame des Récollets
    Church: Notre Dame des Récollets
  • Roundabout with monumental houses
    Roundabout with monumental houses
  • The Ortmans fountain
    The Ortmans fountain
  • The Grand Poste
    The Grand Poste

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Wettelijke Bevolking per gemeente op 1 januari 2018". Statbel. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  2. ^ a b "Verviers". 8 January 2016.
  3. ^ "Verviers, capitale de l'eau – Portail de la Wallonie". wallonie.be.
  4. ^ Gutmann, Myron P. (1988). Toward the Modern Economy: Early Industry in Europe, 1500-1800 (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. pp. 194–206. ISBN 0-394-34312-3.
  5. ^ "Ecoles supérieures ." Verviers. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  6. ^ "Ecoles secondaires ." Verviers. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  7. ^ "Deaths in Verviers". POLITICO. 10 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  8. ^ "Belgian radical Islamists on margins among hometown Muslims". Reuters. 18 January 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  9. ^ Traynor, Ian (16 January 2015). "The Belgian connections to Islamic radicalism". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  10. ^ "Quiet Belgian town shocked by Islamist battle". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  11. ^ Conroy, Erin (25 January 2015). "Social exclusion leaves Belgium ripe for extremism". The National. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  12. ^ "Deaths in Verviers". POLITICO. 10 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  13. ^ "Origin | Statbel". statbel.fgov.be. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
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