Alibaba Group

"Kaola" redirects here. For the animal, see koala.

Alibaba Group Holding Limited
Native name
阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司
Company typePublic
ISINUS01609W1027
Industry
Founded28 June 1999; 25 years ago (1999-06-28)[1]
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
FounderJack Ma
HeadquartersNo. 969 West Wen Yi Road[2],
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Services
RevenueIncrease CN¥941.168 billion[6] (US$130.35 billion, 2024)
Increase CN¥113.350 billion[6] (US$15.699 billion, 2024)
Increase CN¥71.332 billion[6] (US$9.879 billion, 2024)
Total assetsIncrease CN¥1.765 trillion[6] (US$244.43 billion, 2024)
Total equityDecrease CN¥1.101 trillion[6] (US$152.61 billion, 2024)
OwnerSoftBank Group (14.2%)[6]
Number of employees
204,891 (2024)[6]
SubsidiariesSee companies and affiliated entities
WebsiteOfficial website Edit this at Wikidata
Footnotes / references
[6][7]
Alibaba Group
"Alibaba" in Chinese characters.
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese阿里巴巴集团
Traditional Chinese阿里巴巴集團
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinĀlǐbābā Jítuán
Bopomofoㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄢˊ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhAliibaba Jyitwan
Wade–GilesA1-li3-pa1-pa1 Chi2-t'uan2
Tongyong PinyinA-lǐ-ba-ba Jí-tuán
IPA[á.lì.pá.pá tɕǐ.tʰwǎn]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationAléihbābā Jaahptyùhn
Jyutpingaa3 leoi5 baa1 baa1 zaap6 tyun4
IPA[a˧ lɵɥ˩˧ pa˥ pa˥ tsap̚˨ tʰyn˩]
Dunganese name
DunganАлибаба Җитуан

Alibaba Group Holding Limited, branded as Alibaba (/ˌæliˈbɑːbə, ˌɑː-/), is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in e-commerce, retail, Internet, and technology. Founded on 28 June 1999[1] in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, the company provides consumer-to-consumer (C2C), business-to-consumer (B2C), and business-to-business (B2B) sales services via Chinese and global marketplaces, as well as local consumer, digital media and entertainment, logistics, and cloud computing services. It owns and operates a diverse portfolio of companies around the world in numerous business sectors.

On 19 September 2014, Alibaba's initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange raised US$25 billion, giving the company a market value of US$231 billion and, by far, then the largest IPO in world history.[8] It is one of the top 10 most valuable corporations,[9] and is named the 31st-largest public company in the world on the Forbes Global 2000 2020 list.[10] In January 2018, Alibaba became the second Asian company to break the US$500 billion valuation mark, after its competitor Tencent.[11] As of 2022, Alibaba has the ninth-highest global brand valuation.[12]

Alibaba is one of the world's largest retailers and e-commerce companies. In 2020, it was also rated as the fifth-largest artificial intelligence company.[13] It is also one of the biggest venture capital firms and investment corporations in the world, as well as the second largest financial services group behind Visa via its fintech arm Ant Group. The company hosts the largest B2B (Alibaba.com), C2C (Taobao), and B2C (Tmall) marketplaces in the world.[14] It has been expanding into the media industry, with revenues rising by triple percentage points year after year.[15] It also set the record on the 2018 edition of China's Singles' Day, the world's biggest online and offline shopping day.[16]

Naming

[edit]

The company's name came from the character Ali Baba from the Middle Eastern folk-tale collection One Thousand and One Nights because of its universal appeal.[17] As Jack Ma, one of the founders, replied to Lorraine Hahn on TalkAsia:

One day I was in San Francisco in a coffee shop, and I was thinking Alibaba is a good name. And then a waitress came, and I said do you know about Alibaba? And she said yes. I said what do you know about Alibaba, and she said 'Open Sesame.' And I said yes, this is the name! Then I went onto the street and found 30 people and asked them, 'Do you know Alibaba'? People from India, people from Germany, people from Tokyo and China. ... They all knew about Alibaba. Alibaba—open sesame. Alibaba—40 thieves. Alibaba is not a thief. Alibaba is a kind, smart business person, and he helped the village. So ... easy to spell, and global know. Alibaba opens sesame for small- to medium-sized companies. We also registered the name AliMama, in case someone wants to marry us![18]

History

[edit]

Early years

[edit]

On 28 June 1999,[1] Jack Ma, with 17 friends and students founded Alibaba.com, a China-based B2B marketplace site, in his Hangzhou apartment. In October 1999, Alibaba received a US$25 million investment from Swedish Wallenberg family's Investor AB,[19] Goldman Sachs and SoftBank. In 1999, Wallenbergs Investor AB owned 6% of the shares.[19] Alibaba.com was expected to improve the domestic e-commerce market and perfect an e-commerce platform for Chinese enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to help export Chinese products to the global market as well as to address World Trade Organization (WTO) challenges. In 2002, Alibaba.com became profitable three years after launch. Ma wanted to improve the global e-commerce system, so from 2003 onward, Alibaba launched Taobao Marketplace, Alipay, Alimama.com, and Lynx.[20][21]

When eBay announced its expansion into China in 2003, Ma viewed the American company as a foreign competitor and rejected eBay's buyout of Alibaba's subsidiary Taobao. By applying existing technologies, gaining trust in the Chinese e-commerce market, and expanding through dominating the market at a loss before making a return on additional services, Alibaba's subsidiaries outperformed eBay in the Chinese e-commerce market, claiming a growing percentage of consumers from eBay. Alibaba subsidiary Taobao would later force eBay out of the Chinese market, with eBay closing its unprofitable China Web unit, though the two companies would break even six years later.[20][22][23]

Expansion

[edit]

In 2005, Yahoo! invested in Alibaba through a variable interest entity (VIE) structure, buying a 40% stake in the company for US$1 billion.[20][23] This would as a result net in US$10 billion in Alibaba's IPO alone to Yahoo!.[22][24] In 2012, China Investment Corporation led a group of Chinese investors in buying out Yahoo!'s 40% stake and in buying the Alibaba shares that had traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.[25]: 130 

According to Li Chuan, a senior executive at Alibaba, the company was planning in 2013 to open traditional brick and mortar retail outlets in partnership with Wanda Group, a Chinese real estate company.[26] Additionally, Alibaba purchased a 25% stake in Hong Kong-listed Chinese department store chain Intime Retail in early 2014.[27] In early 2017, Alibaba and Intime's founder Shen Guojun agreed to pay as much as HK$19.8 billion (US$2.6 billion) to take the store chain private. Alibaba's stake—28% from 2014's US$692 million investment—would rise to about 74% after the deal.[28]

In April 2014, Alibaba invested in Lyft, along with Coatue Management, and Andreessen Horowitz; they led a US$250 million Series D financing round.[23][29] On 5 June 2014, Alibaba bought a 50% stake of Guangzhou Evergrande F.C. from Evergrande Real Estate Group Ltd. in a deal that was worth 1.2 billion yuan (US$192 million).[23][30] On 5 September 2014, the group—in a regulatory filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)—set a US$60- to $66- per-share price range for its scheduled initial public offering (IPO), the final price of which would be determined after an international roadshow to gauge the investor interest in Alibaba shares to shareholders. On 18 September 2014, Alibaba's IPO priced at US$68, raising US$21.8 billion for the company and investors. Alibaba was the biggest US IPO in history, bigger than Google, Facebook, and Twitter combined.[31][32][33] On 19 September 2014, Alibaba's shares (BABA) began trading on the NYSE at an opening price of $92.70 at 11:55 am EST. On 22 September 2014, Alibaba's underwriters announced their confirmation that they had exercised a greenshoe option to sell 15% more shares than originally planned, boosting the total amount of the IPO to $25 billion.[34][35]

Alibaba and the underwriters of its IPO were sued in a California superior court in a consolidated class action lawsuit.[36] The lawsuit was filed in October 2015 on behalf of investors who purchased Alibaba's American depositary shares alleging violations of the Securities Act.[37] Alibaba reached a settlement agreement in December 2018, subject to court approval, in which it agreed to pay $75 million to settle the lawsuit.[36][38][39]

Alibaba is among the most prominent investors in Thailand's Eastern Economic Corridor, which was opened in 2018.[40]: 57  Alibaba committed approximately US$320 million for the development of an e-commerce digital hub in the EEC.[40]: 57 

In January 2017, Alibaba and the International Olympic Committee jointly announced an $800 million deal that would last until 2028 where the company would sponsor the Olympic Games.[23][41] In September 2018, Jack Ma, the main founder of Alibaba, announced that he would step down as chairman in a year's time so he could focus on philanthropy.[42] In response to the announcement, The Economist stated that Ma had a significant impact in China and worldwide via contributions and dedication to various businesses.[43]

Listing

[edit]

In May 2019, Bloomberg cited sources familiar with the matter as saying that Alibaba was considering raising $20 billion through a second listing in Hong Kong.[44] In November 2019, Alibaba raised 12.9 billion in its secondary listing in Hong Kong, which became the world's largest offering that year.[45] On Tuesday, 10 September 2019, Jack Ma officially stepped down as the chairman of Alibaba, Daniel Zhang succeeded him at the head of the company.

In November 2020, The Wall Street Journal reported that Chinese leader Xi Jinping personally scuttled Jack Ma's Ant Group IPO.[46] Bo Zhuang, chief China economist at TS Lombard said that the suspension "forms part of a wider political drive as the leadership seeks to widen and consolidate its control over finance and technology".[47] What followed was an unexpected Chinese government-released draft on 10 November 2020, which gives regulatory authorities a wider latitude to regulate their biggest tech enterprises.[48][49]

In December 2020, the shares of Alibaba Group suffered a historic stock price crash to the lowest close in around 6 months, following the antitrust investigation into the company by Chinese regulators.[50] In December 2020, China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) stated that it opened an investigation into Alibaba over monopolistic practices.[51][52] The country's central bank, as well as three other regulators, confirmed in a separate statement that the affiliated Ant Group would also be summoned for discussions over "competition and consumer rights", where regulators instructed the company to return its focus to digital-payments.[53] People's Daily, the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, endorsed the investigation shortly after the announcement, claiming the investigation to be "an important step in strengthening antimonopoly oversight in the internet sphere".[54][55] As a result, from the antitrust probe, Alibaba lost nearly all of its stock-market gains in 2020, from $859 billion to $586 billion, by the end of December.[56] Jack Ma, co-founder of both Alibaba and Ant Group, vanished from public view when Ant's IPO was suspended in early November,[57] but resurfaced in January 2021 in a 50-second video, appearing briefly via video link at the digitally facilitated Rural Teacher Initiative. As of February 2021, he has yet to be seen in public.[58] The video appearance caused Alibaba stock to jump more than 7%.[59] Jack Ma made a public appearance in Hangzhou, China in March 2023 where he met with students and teachers at the Alibaba partners-funded Yungu School.[60]

In February 2021, Alibaba sold $5 billion in bonds, the company's third large sale of dollar bonds, issuing four sets priced to yield between 2.143% and 3.251%. The four sets of bonds were $1.5 billion of both 10-year and 30-year debt along with $1 billion of bonds due in 20 and 40 years. The 20-year bonds were designated as sustainability notes.[61][62][63]

On 9 April 2021, as part of a Chinese crackdown on big tech, SAMR issued a $2.8 billion fine against Alibaba for anti-competitive practices and ordered Alibaba to file self-examination and compliance reports to the SAMR for three years. This amounted to 12% Archived 3 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine of its 2020 net profit. Critics say the move tightens the Chinese's governments control of tech companies.[64][65][66] Alibaba stated that it would dedicate itself to correct its errors and accepted the fine without making any appeal.[67]: 57 

On 11 November 2021, it was reported that over the course of its 11-day Singles' Day sales extravaganza, Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group Holding received a record 540.3 billion yuan (S$114.4 billion) in orders, a 14 percent increase over the previous year.[68]

In July 2022, the SEC added Alibaba to a list of companies facing delisting from U.S. stock exchanges if its auditors remain unable to examine Alibaba's books before 2024.[69]

In December 2022, a state-owned enterprise of the China Internet Investment Fund, established by the Cyberspace Administration of China, took a 1 percent golden share investment in two Alibaba subsidiaries that control Youku and UCWeb.[70]

Restructuring

[edit]

In March 2023, Alibaba announced their "1+6+N" restructuring plan, which reorganized its business structure into six independently run entities: Cloud Intelligence Group, Taobao and Tmall Group, Cainiao Smart Logistics Network, Local Services group, Alibaba International Digital Commerce, and the Digital Media and Entertainment group.[71][72] Each business unit would have their own CEO and board of directors and be able to seek their own fundraising and market listings.[73] Under the new "1+6+N" structure, Alibaba also established a Capital Management Committee and a Compliance and Risk Committee.[74] The Wall Street Journal reported on 30 March that Jack Ma engineered this in talks with company CEO Daniel Zhang while he was overseas.[75]

In September 2023, Cainiao Smart Logistics Network Ltd., the logistics arm of Alibaba Group, has filed for its Hong Kong initial public offering, potentially making it among the first of the Chinese e-commerce leader's units to go public.[76]

In December 2024, Alibaba announced it would sell Intime Department Store to Youngor Group.[77]

Corporate affairs

[edit]

The key trends for Alibaba are (as at the financial year ending March 31):[78]

Revenue (US$ bn) Net income (US$ bn) Employees (k)
2016 15.6 11.0 36.4
2017 22.9 6.3 50.0
2018 39.8 10.1 66.4
2019 56.1 13.0 101
2020 71.9 21.1 117
2021 109 22.9 251
2022 134 9.8 254
2023 126 10.5 235

Alibaba is viewed by the Chinese government as one of its national champion corporations.[79]: 156  Alibaba supplies a significant amount of technology for the Digital Silk Road.[67]: 272 

Companies and affiliated entities

[edit]

E-commerce and retail service platforms

[edit]
Alibaba group headquarters
Alibaba Binjiang Campus in Hangzhou, headquarters for Alibaba's B2B service[80]

In 1999, Jack Ma launched the primary business of Alibaba, Alibaba.com, while working as an English teacher in Hangzhou. Alibaba.com later became the world's largest online B2B trading platform for small businesses as of 2014.[81] Alibaba.com has three main services: the English language portal Alibaba.com, which handles sales between importers and exporters from more than 240 countries and regions,[82] the Chinese portal 1688.com, which manages domestic B2B trade in China, and AliExpress.com, a global consumer marketplace.[83] Alibaba.com went public at the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2007, and was delisted again in 2012.[84] In 2013, 1688.com launched a direct channel that was responsible for $30 million in daily transaction value.[85]

In 2003, Alibaba launched Taobao Marketplace (淘宝网), offering a variety of products for retail sales. Taobao grew to become China's largest C2C online shopping platform and later became the second most visited website in China, according to Alexa Internet.[86][87] Taobao's growth was attributed to offering free registration and commission-free transactions using a free third-party payment platform.[88] Advertising made up 75 percent of the company's total revenue, allowing it to break even in 2009. In 2010, Taobao's profit was estimated to be ¥1.5 billion (US$235.7 million), which was only about 0.4 percent of their total sales figure of ¥400 billion (US$62.9 billion) that year, way below the industry average of 2 percent, according to iResearch estimates.[88] According to Zhang Yu, the director of Taobao, between 2011 and 2013, the number of stores on Taobao with annual sales under ¥100 thousand increased by 60%; the number of stores with sales between ¥10 thousand and ¥1 million increased by 30%, and the number of stores with sales over ¥1 million increased by 33%.[89]

In April 2008, Taobao introduced a spin-off, Taobao Mall (淘宝商城, later Tmall.com), an online retail platform to complement the Taobao C2C portal, offering global brands to an increasingly affluent Chinese consumer base. It became the eighth most visited web site in China as of 2013.[90] In 2012, Tmall.com later changed its Chinese name to Tianmao (天猫, "sky cat"), reflecting Tmall's Chinese pronunciation.[91] In March 2010, Taobao launched the group shopping website Juhuasuan (聚划算), offering "flash sales", which are products that are available at a discount for only a fixed time period. In October 2010, Taobao beta-launched eTao, a comparison shopping website that offers search results from mostly Chinese online shopping platforms,[92] including product searches, sales and coupon searches. According to the Alibaba Group web site, eTao offers products from Amazon China, Dangdang, Gome, Yihaodian, Nike China, and Vancl, as well as Taobao and Tmall.[82] As part of a restructuring of Taobao by Alibaba, these spin-offs became separate companies in 2011, with Tmall and eTao becoming separate businesses in June and Juhuasuan becoming a separate business later in October.[93]

In 2010, Alibaba launched AliExpress.com, an online retail service made up of mostly small Chinese businesses offering products to international online buyers. It is the most visited e-commerce platform in Russia.[94] It allows small businesses in China to sell to customers all over the world, resulting in a wide variety of products. It might be more accurate to compare AliExpress to eBay, though, as sellers are independent; it simply serves as a host for other businesses to sell to consumers.[95] Similar to eBay, sellers on Aliexpress can be either companies or individuals. It connects Chinese businesses directly with buyers. The main difference from Taobao is that it's aimed primarily at international buyers, mainly the US, Russia, Brazil and Spain.[96]

In 2012, Alibaba instituted its Public Dispute Resolution Center, which crowdsources buyers and sellers to vote on transactional rules and decide the outcome of disputes on the platform.[67]: 215  This decentralized approach was popular and similar mechanisms were adopted or experimented with by other e-commerce platforms in China.[67]: 215–216 

On 11 June 2014, Alibaba launched US shopping site 11 Main. The 11 Main marketplace hosts more than 1,000 merchants in categories such as clothing, fashion accessories and jewelry as well as interior goods and arts and crafts and it plans to keep adding more, said the company.[97][98] On 23 June 2015, Alibaba announced that it is selling 11 Main to OpenSky, an online-marketplace operator based in New York.[99]

Lazada warehouse in Cabuyao, Laguna, Philippines during the company's 11.11 sale promotion in 2018. Lazada Group is a subsidiary of Alibaba Group and Alibaba co-founder Lucy Peng Lei is CEO of the company.

In February 2015, Alibaba invests US$590 million in Meizu, acquiring an undisclosed minority stake.[100]

In June 2015, Alibaba started a joint venture Koubei with its affiliate Ant Financial Group to tap China's fast-growing local services market, each investing approximately US$483 million into the business for an equal equity stake.

In 2016, Alibaba acquired control of Singapore-based e-commerce platform Lazada.[40]: 49  Lazada is the largest e-commerce platform in southeast Asia, with a major presence in Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.[40]: 49  This acquisition increased integration on Alibaba between Chinese merchants and their customers in southeast Asia.[40]: 50 

In October 2016, Alibaba launched Alitrip, later named Fliggy, an online travel platform that is designed as an online mall for brands such as airline companies and agencies.[101][102] Fliggy set the target audience as the younger generation and it strives to become a one-stop service when they plan their trips, particularly in overseas travel.[103] On 7 August 2017, Alibaba Group and Marriott International hotel group announced a comprehensive strategic co-operation. Two companies will set up a joint venture company. Through the docking technology system and the superiority resources, Fliggy has Marriott hotel flagship store. It has the same function with Marriott Chinese website and Marriott mobile app to create the best global travel experience for consumers.[104]

In 2016, the Office of the United States Trade Representative added Taobao back onto a list of notorious counterfeit platforms that includes the likes of torrent site The Pirate Bay.[105] Alibaba denied wrongdoing and filed two lawsuits against the counterfeiters as of 4 January 2017,[106] but brands whose sales have been affected by the counterfeit products accused Alibaba of not doing enough.[107]

In 2017, Alibaba started opening a chain of supermarkets, named Freshippo (or Hema; 盒马), as part of the company's "new retail strategy," where customers can either order in the store or online for delivery in under 30 minutes. It offers a mobile app that recommends customers products based on data analytics.[108] In addition, customers can have their groceries cooked to eat in the food court of the supermarket.[109]

In October 2018, it was reported that Alibaba's Koubei have merged with online food delivery service platform Ele.me into a new local life service subsidiary.[110][111] However, the newly formed Alibaba Local Life Service entity experienced major competition from local service giant Meituan, which is backed by Tencent, leading to rumours of planned layoffs in 2022.[112]

In September 2019, Alibaba announced it would acquire Chinese e-commerce platform Kaola from NetEase for around US$2 billion.[113] In October 2020, Alibaba agreed to pay US$3.6 billion to take control of China's biggest hypermarket operator Sun Art (SEHK: 6808) from French billionaire Mulliez family. The deal doubled the group's stake in the hypermarket chain with a tootles ownership of 72%.[114]

Gold Supplier membership

[edit]

Alibaba.com offers a paid Gold Supplier membership to try to ensure that each seller is genuine; sellers' Gold Supplier status and the number of years it has been held are displayed.[115] The supplier verification types and checks are listed on Alibaba.com's website, with more stringent checks for sellers outside China.[116] While the majority of suppliers are reported to be genuine,[citation needed] there have been many cases of sellers, some with Gold Supplier status, seeking to defraud unsuspecting buyers.[117] In February 2011, controversy ensued when Alibaba's corporate office admitted that it had granted the mark of integrity of its "China Gold Supplier" program to more than 2,000 dealers that had subsequently defrauded buyers; the firm's share price dropped "abruptly" after the announcement.[118] A statement from the firm reported that Yan Limin, the general manager of Alibaba.com at the time, had been dismissed in March for "misconduct"; Phil Muncaster of UK's The Register additionally reported that "a further 28 employees had been involved in dodgy dealings".[119]

As The Economist noted, the company's response has conflicting components: Alibaba's promulgated view that its corrective actions indicate its commitment to quality and integrity (where it contrasts itself with other scandal-associated Chinese business sectors), versus a damage control view suggesting that the subscription-driven, third-party verified "China Gold Supplier" program was endangered by diminished trust in its endorsement system, removing the incentive for global buyers to choose Alibaba as their business-to-business service, thus more broadly endangering Alibaba through impact on its brand and capabilities (the latter via the "defenestration of senior people").[118] The scandal was said to have placed the head of Alibaba Group, Jack Ma—who was described as having been furious over the scandal—in a position to personally fight to win back trust.[120]

Smart logistics

[edit]

In 2013, Alibaba and six large Chinese logistics companies (including SF Express) established a company called Cainiao for delivery of packages in China. This network gradually grew to 14 local logistics companies in 2014.[121] In 2016, Alibaba's Taobao and Tmall, two of the world's largest and most popular online retail marketplaces, achieved a total transaction volume of 3 trillion yuan (US$478.6 billion). The company aims to double the transaction volume to 6 trillion yuan by 2020. As of February 2018, Taobao reached 580 million monthly active users, while Tmall achieved 500 million monthly active users.[122][123][124] It is also rapidly expanding its e-commerce network abroad.[125] Alibaba has also announced that it will invest 100 billion yuan over five years to build a global logistics network, underpinning an aggressive overseas expansion, and demonstrating Alibaba's commitment to building the most efficient logistics network in China and around the world. It is investing a further 5.3 billion yuan in Cainiao Logistics to boost its stake to 51 percent from 47 percent.[126] The investment would value Cainiao, a joint venture of top Chinese logistics firms, at around US$20 billion.[127]

Alibaba uses Cainiao software at its Belgian-European sales hub. The software is able to access data about retailers, products, transport details and flows, a person familiar with the company's IT systems told the British newspaper Financial Times. Chinese companies are legally obliged to pass on their data to China's authorities and security services.[128] The Belgium State Security Service is monitoring the hub in Lütich because of this fact and possible espionage.[129][130] According to the Financial Times, Cainiao denied suggestions of wrongdoing, noting that the firm operates in compliance with relevant laws and regulations.[131]

According to the Reuters, Alibaba Group Holding Ltd has divested its logistics arm for $8.5 billion to a consortium led by investment firms Boyu Capital and Primavera Capital Group.[132]

Cloud computing and artificial intelligence technology

[edit]

In conjunction with the company's 10th anniversary, Alibaba launched Alibaba Cloud in September 2009, aiming to build a cloud computing service platform, including e-commerce data mining, e-commerce data processing, and data customization.[82] It has R&D centres and operators in Hangzhou, Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore, Silicon Valley[133] and Dubai.[134] In July 2014, Alibaba Cloud entered into a partnership deal with Inspur. Alibaba Cloud is the largest high-end cloud computing company in China.[135] In 2009, Alibaba acquired HiChina, the largest domain registration service and web hosting service company in China, and built it into Alibaba Cloud.[136] On 28 July 2011, Alibaba Cloud released AliOS (formerly Yun OS and Aliyun OS), a Linux distribution designed for mobile devices.[137] In the 2017 Computing Conference in Hangzhou, Alibaba launched AliGenie, a China-based open-platform intelligent personal assistant. It is currently used in the Tmall Genie smart speaker.[138]

In 2018, Alibaba's Wanli Min presented City Brain,[139] a technology geared towards urban solutions such as streamlining traffic, detecting accidents and improving transport efficiency.[140][141]

China's government designated Alibaba as one of its "AI champions" in 2018.[67]: 281 

On 27 July 2019, Alibaba unveiled a 64-bit RISC-V processor called the XuanTie-910 (Black Iron 910). It is a 12 nm 16-core with a clockrate of 2.5 GHz, and was designed by Alibaba's subsidiary T-Head (also known as Pingtouge). Alibaba claim the Xuantie-910 is faster than the ARM Cortex-A73 and is capable of 7.1 Coremark/MHz.[142][143][144][145]

On 25 September 2019, Alibaba announced an AI accelerator called the Hanguang 800. The Hanguang 800 contains 17 billion transistors built with a 12 nm process and was designed by T-Head and DAMO Academy (Alibaba's research team). Alibaba claim it is capable of 78,563 images per second (IPS) inference and 500 IPS/W in ResNet-50. The Hanguang 800 will be available to be rented on Alibaba Cloud.[146][147][148]

Main article: Qwen

In April 2023, Alibaba revealed its plans to release Tongyi Qianwen, a ChatGPT-like chatbot. Its name means "seeking an answer by asking a thousand questions". This AI product, which can support both English and Chinese languages, will be incorporated into the company's various business operations. It will initially be integrated into the messaging app, DingTalk, and the voice-activated smart speaker, Tmall Genie. According to Alibaba, drafting emails, creating business proposals, and converting meeting dialogues into written notes are among Tongyi Qianwen's capabilities. Media reported that the company has received more than 200,000 requests from businesses to join its beta testing program, from industries as varied as fintech, electronics, transport, fashion and dairy farming as of April 2023.[149] Alibaba is also integrating Tongyi Qianwen into a digital assistant called Tingwu. Tongyi Tingwu, the AI-powered assistant, can analyze multimedia content and generate a text summary from video and audio files.[150]

In November 2024, Alibaba unveiled QwQ-32B-Preview, a groundbreaking 32.5 billion parameter AI reasoning model that challenges OpenAI's o1 series by demonstrating superior performance on AIME and MATH benchmark.[citation needed] This innovative model, developed by Alibaba's Qwen team, can process prompts up to 32,000 words long and features a unique self-fact-checking mechanism that allows it to solve complex logic puzzles and mathematical problems.[citation needed] While impressive, the model is not without limitations, as it may unexpectedly switch languages, get stuck in reasoning loops, and struggle with common sense reasoning.[citation needed] Notably, the model is available under an Apache 2.0 license on Hugging Face, making it commercially accessible, though only certain components have been released.[citation needed] Its development comes amid growing skepticism about traditional AI scaling laws and represents a new approach to AI reasoning that involves giving models more processing time to complete tasks.[citation needed]

Surveillance of Uyghurs

[edit]
See also: Persecution of Uyghurs in China

In December 2020, The New York Times reported that Alibaba had developed and marketed facial recognition and surveillance software configured to detect Uyghur faces and those of other ethnic minorities in China.[151] Alibaba responded that they "do not and will not permit our technology to be used to target or identify specific ethnic groups" and that it was "dismayed to learn" that its Alibaba Cloud subsidiary had developed this feature,[152] defending that the technology was developed "in a testing environment" and that it "was not deployed by any customer."[153] However, IPVM reported in December 2020 that Alibaba refused to provide any proof the Uyghur recognition feature was just a "test" or "trial" and that Alibaba's own website showed Uyghur recognition as a live feature.[153]

Entertainment services

[edit]

In September 2017, Alibaba created a new live entertainment business unit under its Digital Media and Entertainment Group which focuses on ticketing, content creation and live experiences, bringing its entertainment ticketing platform Damai and its content creation and technology units MaiLive and Maizuo under one roof. It aims to provide a platform for live events (e.g. concerts, plays, esports and sports events), as well as supporting content partners and leveraging Alibaba's data capability for offline shows.[154] It also provides the online digital distribution service 9Apps, which hosts downloadable content and applications.[155]

In March 2014, Alibaba agreed to acquire a controlling stake in ChinaVision Media Group for $804 million. The two firms announced they would establish a strategic committee for potential future opportunities in online entertainment and other media areas.[156] The company was renamed Alibaba Pictures Group (SEHK: 1060).[157] In March 2015, Alibaba Group launched AliMusic as its music division. Xiami Music and Tiantian Music are two of music steaming APP owned by AliMusic. AliMusic named Gao Xiaosong as the chairman and Song Ke as chief executive officer in July 2015.[158] In 2017, Tencent Music has expected $10bn IPO by signing a rights deal with Alibaba, strengthening its position within the important Chinese market. Under the terms of the deal Alibaba will gain the right to stream music from international labels such as Sony Music, Universal Music Group and YG Entertainment, which already have exclusive deals with Tencent, in return for offering to its catalogue from Rock Records, HIM International Music and so on.[159] In April 2014, Alibaba and Yunfeng Capital, a private equity company controlled by Alibaba's founder, Jack Ma, agreed to acquire a combined 18.5 percent stake in Youku Tudou, which broadcasts a series of popular television programs and other videos over the Internet.[160]

Since restructuring in March 2023, the Digital Media and Entertainment Group has been led by Fan Luyuan as CEO.[161]

Internet services

[edit]

In 2004, the Alibaba Group released Aliwangwang, an instant messaging software service for interactions between customer and online sellers. By 2014, there are 50 million Aliwangwang users, making it the second-largest instant messaging tool in China.[162] In October 2013, the Alibaba's chairman Jack Ma announced that the Alibaba Group would no longer use Tencent's messaging application WeChat, and would henceforth promote its own messaging application and service, Laiwang.[163] In April 2014, Alibaba Group and UCWeb, a Chinese provider of mobile internet software technology and services, launched Shenma (神马), a mobile-only search engine, as part of a joint venture.[164][165] Later in June, the Alibaba Group acquired UCWeb, with an international product portfolio that includes a mobile browsing service (UC Browser), app and game distribution platforms (9Apps and 9Game), a mobile traffic platform (UC Union) and UC News that primarily caters to all types of news in the India market (as an aggregator) among others.[166][167][168] Alibaba's Y Projects Business Unit developed the Xuexi Qiangguo app, which is used to teach Xi Jinping Thought and other aspects of the history and ideology of the Chinese Communist Party.[169]

In October 2005, Alibaba Group formed a strategic partnership with Yahoo! and acquired Yahoo! China, a Chinese portal previously launched on 24 September 1999 that focuses on Internet services like news, email, and search.[170] In April 2013, Alibaba Group announced that, as part of the agreement to buy back the Yahoo! Mail stake, that they would suspend technological support for China Yahoo! Mail service and begin migration of Yahoo! China Mail accounts. Several options were offered to users to make the transition as smooth as possible, and Yahoo! China users had four months to migrate their accounts to the Aliyun mail service, the Yahoo! Mail service in the United States, or to another third-party e-mail provider of the user's choice.[171] Yahoo! China closed its mail service on 19 August 2013. E-mails sent to Yahoo! China accounts could be forwarded to an Alimail box until 31 December 2014. Users were also allowed to transfer e-mail accounts to yahoo.com or any other e-mail service. It is estimated there are no more than a million users with Yahoo! Mail for China and chances are they also own other e-mail accounts.[172]

In 2014, Alibaba Group founded DingTalk, an enterprise communication and collaboration platform. Also known as Ding Ding, the app was developed as part of efforts to compete with rival Tencent's WeChat.[173] DingTalk is managed by Alibaba's cloud computing division.[174][175]

FinTech and online payment platforms

[edit]
Food ordered with Alipay
Main article: Alipay

In 2004, the Alibaba Group launched Alipay, a third-party online payment platform. It also provides an escrow service, in which buyers can verify whether they are happy with goods they have bought before releasing money to the seller.[88] Prior to Alipay, third-party payment was a legal grey area in China.[67]: 32  As Alipay's popularity increased, it became accepted by Chinese regulators.[67]: 32–33  In 2010, the People's Bank of China issued administrative measures regarding non-financial payment services.[67]: 33  These measures retroactively recognized the legal status of online third-party payment platforms like Alipay.[67]: 33 

Alibaba Group spun off Alipay in 2010 in a controversial move.[176] In 2011, Alipay obtained a license to become one of the first licensed non-financial institutions to conduct payment operations.[67]: 33 

According to analyst research report, Alipay has the biggest market share in China with 300 million users and control of just under half of China's online payment market in February 2014.[177]

In 2013, Alipay launched a financial product platform called Yu'ebao (余额宝).[178] Alipay partnered with the Tianhong Asset Management to launch it to the general public.[178] Yu'ebao offers an online money market account in which Alipay customers can deposit money and receive a higher interest rate than that available from banks.[67]: 33  It soon became China's largest online money market fund and prompted competitors like Baidu and Tencent to introduce alternatives.[67]: 33  The People's Bank of China supported the growth of such funds with a permissive regulatory environment initially but began increasing regulation of such funds in 2017.[67]: 33 

On 16 October 2014, the Alipay company was re-branded as Ant Financial Services (now Ant Group).[179]

One of the factors for Alibaba's success in this platform is the company's quick and reliable payment system, where it offers several types of payment systems such as credit card, debit card, Alipay, Quick-pay, and online banking. These payment systems help to cope with simultaneous cash flow transactions with ease and convenience. Ant Financial was ranked sixth in Fortune's Change the World list, recognized for the positive green environmental impact of its Ant Forest, the world's largest platform for tracking individuals' carbon footprints. Ant Financial and its partners have achieved considerable success in the reduction of CO2 emissions.[180][181] Ant Financial is the highest valued fintech company in the world, and the world's most valuable unicorn (start-up) company, with a valuation of US$150 billion.[182][183][184]

In August 2020, Ant Financial, a subsidiary of Alibaba, launched the IPO program, valued at US$200 billion.[185]

Others

[edit]

In 2014, Alibaba and Yunfeng Capital, a private equity firm, launched Alibaba Health when the two companies bought a 54% stake in CITIC 21CN for HK$1.33 billion (US$171 million).[186][187] It is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as SEHK: 241. It positions itself as a pharmaceutical e-commerce business and medical services. In the same year, Alibaba acquired Chinese map supplier AutoNavi.[188] In April 2015, the group also reached an agreement to transfer its online B2C pharmacy, Tmall Medical (yao.Tmall.com), to AliHealth. The integration provides consumers a wide range of pharmaceutical and health products available in China.[189] In 2015, Alibaba later launched its Shanghai-based sports division, AliSports, after a consolidation of some of the parent company's existing business units.[190] The new company's operations encompass television and digital sports rights, event operation, venue commercialization, copyright, media, business development, gaming, and ticketing.[190] AliSports secured exclusive title sponsorship of the FIFA Club World Cup from 2015 to 2022.[191] The company announced a Champion of Champions rugby sevens tournament in 2017, to be played in Shanghai for the highest prize money ever offered in the sport.[192]

In December 2015, Alibaba agreed to acquire the South China Morning Post and other media assets belonging to the group for a consideration of $266 million. Although Alibaba promised editorial independence, vice-chairman Joseph Tsai said that Alibaba believes that "the world needs a plurality of views when it comes to China coverage. China's rise as an economic power and its importance to world stability is too important for there to be a singular thesis."[193] The acquisition attracted media concerns over what this would mean for the newspaper's coverage.[194]

Other subsidiaries of Alibaba include Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital and Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund. Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital (杭州阿里创业投资) is a company 80% owned by Jack Ma and another manager of Alibaba. For regulatory purpose, Alibaba Group did not own the company directly, but by pleading. It was considered as a subsidiary and/or consolidated entity of Alibaba Group.[195] Ali Venture Capital is a shareholder of Beijing Enlight Media[196] and a domestic shareholder of China Unicom.[197] The Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund is a non-profit making initiative launched by Alibaba Group in 2015.[198][199][200]

Alibaba also has invested in more than ten startups in Hong Kong including DayDayCook,[201] GoGoVan,[202] WeLend[203] and Qupital.[204][205] In 2019, Alibaba launched China-Russia flights in collaboration with Russian Post to assure fast shipping of products.[206]

Alibaba owns the app Feizhu, which is a platform on which companies can sell tourism services such as day trips or cultural activities to Chinese consumers.[40]: 121 

When Alibaba acquires shares in other businesses, it generally seeks to acquire a controlling stake and maintain control over the business operations.[67]: 92–93 

Corporate governance

[edit]
Jack Ma, founder and the former executive chairman of the Alibaba Group

Alibaba's main co-founder Jack Ma served as the executive chairman of the Alibaba Group from its founding until 10 September 2019. Daniel Zhang succeeded Ma and has also served as Alibaba's CEO since 2015.[207] J. Michael Evans has served as Alibaba's president since 2015.[208] Jack Ma had stepped down as CEO in 2013 and chose Jonathan Lu as his successor.[209][210] The Alibaba Group under Lu was performing well, though there were rumors that Ma was growing distrustful in Lu's ability to lead the company.[211][212] Daniel Zhang, who served as COO of Alibaba under Lu, succeeded Lu as CEO in 2015.[213] On 10 September 2018, Ma chose Zhang to succeed him as executive chairman of the Alibaba Group after his stepping down announcement, and this would go into effect in 1 year on 10 September 2019.[214]

Since 2012, when Xi Jinping succeeded the CCP general secretary, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has had a CCP Committee secretary in place in the company and has over 2,000 party members as Alibaba employees.[215] In September 2019, the municipal government of Hangzhou announced that it was assigning government officials to work with tech companies and manufacturers in Zhejiang province, including Alibaba, in what city officials stated was an effort “to facilitate communication and expedite projects”.[216][217]

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Alibaba faced criticism for continuing to do business in Russia.[218] In August 2023, Ukraine's National Agency on Corruption Prevention designated the company an 'international sponsor of war' owing to it providing a platform for the sale of copper goods sourced from the occupied territories of Ukraine.[219]

Alibaba Group Holding Ltd has announced Joseph Tsai as the new chairman and Eddie Wu as the CEO. This move comes as the company seeks to revive growth in the post-crackdown era, with Tsai providing strategic direction and Wu driving operational excellence.[220]

Ownership

[edit]

Around 44% of Alibaba shares are held by the general public and around 40% are held by institutions. Around 14% are hold by SoftBank Group. The largest shareholders in early 2024 were:[221]

Social responsibility

[edit]

In 2014, the Chinese government and Alibaba partnered to create the rural e-commerce expansion program Rural Taobao, which aimed to provide rural households with the same level of access to consumer goods that urban residents have and to facilitate the sale of agricultural goods through e-commerce.[222]: 129  As of 2017, the program covered 16,500 villages.[222]: 130 

Beginning in March 2016, Alibaba and the Communist Youth League began a collaboration to promote online entrepreneurship among rural Chinese youth.[222]: 129  Later that year, Alibaba signed other rural development agreements with the National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Agriculture.[222]: 129 

In May 2017, Alibaba signed a memorandum with the Supreme People's Procuratorate's Anti-Corruption Bureau "to create a clean, credible, rule-of-law market environment."[222]: 77  Pursuant to the memorandum, the Bureau provides Alibaba and Ant Group with access to criminal records from bribery cases and Alibaba and Ant Group query those records including during verification of Taobao sellers and in connection with anti-money laundering initiatives and financial risk controls.[222]: 77 

On 7 August 2021, Alibaba fired a manager who admitted to "indecent acts" with an inebriated employee.[223] The case highlighted issues of sexual harassment in the workplace.[224]

Alibaba actively promotes female employment, collaborating with the All-China Women's Federation for community e-commerce events. The company also donates to UN Women to support female employment initiatives.[225] Half of Alibaba's employees are women, with one-third of leadership roles, especially in departments like human resources, held by women.[226]

Alibaba collaborates with Hangzhou's smart city initiative and efforts to digitize the economy and build a cashless city.[222]: 122–123 

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Sec Form F-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT Alibaba Group Holding Limited". Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Our offices". Alibaba Group. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  3. ^ "Alibaba Group Holding Limited". Alibaba Group. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  4. ^ "Beware: Alibaba IPO isn't really selling Alibaba". Alibaba Group. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  5. ^ Bejerano, Pablo G. (11 November 2023). "Temu, Shein, Miravia: Amazon's aggressive Chinese e-commerce rivals". El País.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "Alibaba Group FY 2024 Annual Report (Form 20-F)". US Securities and Exchange Commission. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  7. ^ "Alibaba Group Fiscal Year 2023 Annual Report" (PDF). alibabagroup.com. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  8. ^ Baker, Lianna B.; Toonkel, Jessica; Vlastelica, Ryan (19 September 2014). Orlofsky, Steve; Adler, Leslie (eds.). "Alibaba surges 38 percent on massive demand in market debut". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  9. ^ "Beijing's battle to control its homegrown tech giants". Today. 24 September 2017. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  10. ^ Murphy, Andrea (13 May 2020). "Global 2000". Forbes. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  11. ^ JAO, NICOLE (25 January 2018). "Alibaba market value hits the $500 billion valuation mark". TechNode. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  12. ^ "Revealed: the Kantar BrandZ Most Valuable Global Brands 2022". www.kantar.com. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  13. ^ Patrizio and James Maguire, Andy (2 July 2020). "Top 100 Artificial Intelligence Companies 2020". datamation.com. TechnologyAdvice. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  14. ^ "Alibaba's Nine Biggest Competitors in Asia". Global From Asia. 23 August 2018. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  15. ^ "Alibaba Becomes World's Most Valuable Retail Brand | News | Apparel Magazine(AM)". apparelmag.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  16. ^ Pham, Sherisse (10 November 2018). "Alibaba Singles Day sales top $30 billion". CNN. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  17. ^ Grocer, Stephen (7 May 2014). "Alibaba's IPO Filing: Everything You Need to Know". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  18. ^ Hahn, Lorraine (24 April 2006). "Jack Ma Talkasia Transcript". TalkAsia. CNN. Archived from the original on 10 May 2006. LH - Now Alibaba. ... Fancy name, catchy too! But it conjures up, at least to me, something to do with thieves, not legitimate business. Why Alibaba? JM - One day I was in San Francisco in a coffee shop, and I was thinking Alibaba is a good name. And then a waitress came, and I said do you know about Alibaba? And she said yes. I said what do you know about Alibaba, and she said 'Open Sesame.' And I said yes, this is the name! Then I went onto the street and found 30 people and asked them, 'Do you know Alilbaba'? People from India, people from Germany, people from Tokyo and China. ... They all knew about Alibaba. Alibaba—open sesame. Alibaba—40 thieves. Alibaba is not a thief. Alibaba is a kind, smart business person, and he helped the village. So ... easy to spell, and global know. Alibaba opens sesame for small- to medium-sized companies. We also registered the name AliMama, in case someone wants to marry us!
  19. ^ a b Andersson, Klas (9 May 2014). "Investors mäktiga miljardmiss i kinesiskt megabolag". Svenska Dagbladet.
  20. ^ a b c Popovic, Stevan (4 May 2014). "Jack Ma: The man leading the Chinese e-commerce market". Hot Topics. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  21. ^ "Alibaba Group". www.alibabagroup.com. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  22. ^ a b "The Rags-to-Riches Life Story of Alibaba Founder Jack Ma". Inc.com. 2 March 2017. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  23. ^ a b c d e Chen, Lilu Yilun (19 November 2017). "Quicktake - Alibaba". www.bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  24. ^ "Yahoo Could Make Nearly $10 Billion On Alibaba IPO". businessinsider.com. 19 September 2014. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  25. ^ Liu, Zongyuan Zoe (2023). Sovereign Funds: How the Communist Party of China Finances its Global Ambitions. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. doi:10.2307/jj.2915805. ISBN 9780674271913. JSTOR jj.2915805. S2CID 259402050.
  26. ^ Hsu, Alex (3 July 2013). "Alibaba to Open Brick and Mortar Stores in Wanda Plazas Across China". BrightWire News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013.
  27. ^ Mozur, Paul; Fung, Esther (31 March 2014). "Alibaba to Pay $692 Million for Stake in Intime Retail". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  28. ^ Lin, Liza; Becker, Nathan (10 January 2017). "Alibaba Bags Chinese Retailer Intime in $2.6 Billion Deal". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  29. ^ "Lyft Raises $250 Million From Coatue, Alibaba, And Third Point To Expand Internationally". TechCrunch. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  30. ^ "Alibaba Buys Into Soccer Team After Billionaires' Drinks". www.bloomberg.com. 5 June 2014. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  31. ^ Zhang, Yuejiao (2017). "Assessing Attitudes Toward Content and Design in Alibaba's Dry Goods Business Infographics". Journal of Business and Technical Communication. 31 (1): 30–62. doi:10.1177/1050651916667530. S2CID 64309912.
  32. ^ Demos, Telis; Jarzemsky, Matt (18 September 2014). "Alibaba's IPO Priced at $68 a Share". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  33. ^ "Alibaba prices at $68, becomes top U.S. IPO". USA Today. 18 September 2014. Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  34. ^ Picker, Leslie; Chen, Lulu Yilun (22 September 2014). "Alibaba's Banks Boost IPO Size to Record of $25 Billion". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 15 January 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  35. ^ Barreto, Elzio (21 September 2014). "Alibaba IPO ranks as world's biggest after additional shares sold". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  36. ^ a b "Alibaba Enters into a $75 Million Settlement Deal; Shares Climbed 2% in Pre-market". capitalwatch.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  37. ^ Schacknow, Peter (31 December 2018). "Stocks making the biggest moves premarket: AMZN, DB, VZ, GOOGL & more". CNBC. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  38. ^ "Alibaba Group Enters into Settlement of Securities Act Class Action Initiated in October 2015". Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  39. ^ "Alibaba settlement" (PDF). 11 January 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  40. ^ a b c d e f Han, Enze (2024). The Ripple Effect: China's Complex Presence in Southeast Asia. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-769659-0.
  41. ^ "Alibaba Olympics Sponsorship Deal Said to Be Worth $800 Million". www.bloomberg.com. 19 January 2017. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  42. ^ "China will struggle to produce another Jack Ma". The Economist. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  43. ^ "China will struggle to produce another Jack Ma". The Economist. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  44. ^ "Alibaba Weighs Raising $20 Billion Through A Second Listing". Bloomberg.com. 27 May 2019. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  45. ^ "Alibaba shares surge in Hong Kong debut, world's largest listing so far in 2019". CNBC. 25 November 2019.
  46. ^ Jing Yang and Lingling Wei (12 November 2020). "China's President Xi Jinping Personally Scuttled Jack Ma's Ant IPO". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  47. ^ "Jack Ma vs. the Party: Inside the collapse of the world's biggest IPO". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  48. ^ "市场监管总局关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南(征求意见稿)公开征求意见的公告" (in Chinese). 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  49. ^ Cheng, Evelyn (23 December 2020). "Alibaba shares fall after reports of anti-monopoly probe by China". CNBC. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  50. ^ "Alibaba stock suffers record fall after antitrust probe in China". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  51. ^ "市场监管总局依法对阿里巴巴集团涉嫌垄断行为立案调查". www.samr.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  52. ^ Ping, Liza Lin and Chong Koh (24 December 2020). "Chinese Regulators Launch Antitrust Investigation Into Alibaba". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  53. ^ Yu, Xie (27 December 2020). "China Tells Ant Group to Refocus on Its Payments Business". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 28 December 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  54. ^ "人民日报：加强反垄断监管是为了更好发展". wap.peopleapp.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  55. ^ Zhong, Raymond (24 December 2020). "China Opens Antitrust Investigation Into Alibaba, the E-Commerce Giant". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  56. ^ Yu, Chong Koh Ping and Xie (28 December 2020). "Alibaba Shares Tumble Again After Beijing Tightens Screws on Ant Group". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 28 December 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  57. ^ Chen, Lulu Yilun; Liu, Coco (23 December 2020). "China Targets Jack Ma's Alibaba Empire in Monopoly Probe". Bloomberg News. Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  58. ^ "Jack Ma gives video speech to rural teachers after three months of silence". South China Morning Post. 20 January 2021. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  59. ^ "Alibaba stock spikes after Jack Ma resurfaces". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  60. ^ [1]South China Morning Post
  61. ^ Webb, Quentin (4 February 2021). "Alibaba Plans Up to $5 Billion Bond Sale". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  62. ^ Yoon, Frances (5 February 2021). "Alibaba Sells $5 Billion of Bonds". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  63. ^ Wernau, Manju Dalal and Julie (29 November 2017). "Alibaba Sells $7 Billion in Dollar Bonds". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  64. ^ "Alibaba fined $2.8 billion on competition charge in China". AP NEWS. 10 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  65. ^ Wang, Christine (10 April 2021). "China slaps Alibaba with $2.8 billion fine in anti-monopoly probe". CNBC. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  66. ^ "China fines Alibaba billions for alleged market abuses". the Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 10 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  67. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197682258.
  68. ^ "Alibaba takes in record $114.4 billion in Singles' Day sales". The Straits Times. 12 November 2021. ISSN 0585-3923. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  69. ^ Chan, Michelle (29 July 2022). "SEC Adds Alibaba to List of Chinese Companies Facing Delisting". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  70. ^ "China acquires 'golden shares' in two Alibaba units". Reuters. 13 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  71. ^ "Alibaba to overhaul China's biggest tech conglomerate into 6 units to reignite their entrepreneurial mojo as 'start-ups'". Yahoo Finance. South China Morning Post. 28 March 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  72. ^ Huang, Raffaele; Leong, Clarence (28 March 2023). "Alibaba to Split Into Six Groups and Explore IPOs in a Departure From Jack Ma Era". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  73. ^ Yordan. "Alibaba to restructure as six separate companies". GSMArena.com. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  74. ^ Yang, Ivy (1 June 2023). "Can Alibaba's six-ring circus succeed?". The China Project. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  75. ^ Yang, Jing; Lu, Shen (30 March 2023). "Jack Ma Engineered Alibaba's Breakup From Overseas". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  76. ^ "Alibaba's Logistics Arm Files for $1 Billion-Plus IPO". Bloomberg.com. 26 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  77. ^ "Alibaba to sell department store chain Intime for $1 bln". Reuters. 16 December 2024.
  78. ^ "Alibaba Fundamentalanalyse | KGV | Kennzahlen". boerse.de (in German). Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  79. ^ Curtis, Simon; Klaus, Ian (2024). The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/jj.11589102. ISBN 9780300266900. JSTOR jj.11589102.
  80. ^ "Alibaba Subsidiary Aboub B2B Marketplace". ABOUB. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  81. ^ Osawa, Juro; Mozurand, Paul; Winkler, Rolfe (15 April 2014). "Alibaba Flexes Muscles Before IPO". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  82. ^ a b c "Alibaba Group". Alibaba Group Group. Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  83. ^ Alibaba Group Holding Limited U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
  84. ^ "Alibaba Group Said to Plan Privatizing Alibaba.com Close to IPO Price". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  85. ^ Hsu, Alex (17 July 2013). "Alibaba's 1688.com Launches New Direct Channel, Responsible for 30 Million USD Per Day in Transactions Value". BrightWire News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013.
  86. ^ "Alibaba Jack Ma Is Moving On, With an IPO Looming". Bloomberg. Bruce Einhorn. 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  87. ^ "Taobao's Alexa Statistics". Alexa.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2009. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  88. ^ a b c Zhe, The Sun (January 2012). "From Stall to Mall". News China. Archived from the original on 25 September 2014.
  89. ^ Hsu, Alex (17 July 2013). "Alibaba's Taobao Continues to Attract New Stores, Focuses on Personalized Services, Store Branding and Customized Contracts". BrightWire News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013.
  90. ^ "Alexa Web Site Statistics for Tmall.com". Alexa.com. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  91. ^ "Tmall changes its name for better positioning - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  92. ^ "Microsoft and eTao". The Next Web. 13 October 2010. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  93. ^ Pepitone, Julianne (17 June 2011). "Alibaba splits Taobao into three parts". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  94. ^ Adrien Henni (9 September 2014). "Alibaba tops e-commerce sites in Russia as well as China". Internetretailer.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  95. ^ Kasperkevic, Jana (23 September 2014). "Why Alibaba is a success in the US: its market for human hair extensions nets American women in its weave". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  96. ^ GOOALI. "Jack Ma: Su inspiradora historia". GOOALI (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  97. ^ Osawa, Juro (11 June 2014). "Alibaba Tackles Amazon, eBay on Home Turf". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 29 September 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  98. ^ "BBC News – China's Alibaba plans US online shop". BBC News. bbc.com. 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  99. ^ Osawa, Juro; Dou, Eva (23 June 2015). "Alibaba Stumbles in U.S. Online Market". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 13 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  100. ^ "Alibaba Invests $590M In Smartphone Maker Meizu". chinamoneynetwork. 9 February 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  101. ^ Fox, Linda (3 July 2017). "Fliggy, the online travel platform you (probably) haven't heard of". Phocuswire. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  102. ^ "5 reasons why travel brands need to take notice of Alibaba's Fliggy". ChinaTravelNews. 26 January 2018. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  103. ^ "Alibaba Relaunches Travel site as Fliggy to Compete with CTrip". Inbound Reporter. Tom Berrigan. 11 July 2017. Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  104. ^ POLING, MONICA (8 August 2017). "Marriott Targets Chinese Travelers via Alibaba". TravelPulse. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  105. ^ Cendrowski, Scott (22 December 2016). "Why Alibaba Can't Complain About Its Return to the 'Notorious' Counterfeit Market List". Fortune. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  106. ^ Kharpal, Arjun (4 January 2017). "Alibaba sues sellers of counterfeit good for the first time after it was blacklisted by the US". CNBC. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  107. ^ "Brands accuse Alibaba of not doing enough to stop sale of counterfeit goods". The Wall Street Journal. 4 February 2017. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  108. ^ Choudhury, Saheli Roy (18 July 2017). "Alibaba Hema stores blend online and offline retail". CNBC. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  109. ^ Peterson, Hayley (3 February 2018). "China has a supermarket unlike anything in the US – and it has 2 major advantages over Amazon Go". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  110. ^ "Alibaba, Ant to pour nearly $1 billion into local services startup". Reuters. 23 June 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  111. ^ "Ele.me and Koubei Merged to Become Alibaba's New Local Life Service Company". Pandaily. 12 October 2018. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  112. ^ "Alibaba's local consumer businesses reportedly plan layoffs as they lose ground to Meituan". KrASIA. 5 January 2022. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  113. ^ Choudhury, Saheli Roy (6 September 2019). "Alibaba buys Chinese e-commerce business Kaola for $2 billion". CNBC. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  114. ^ Liu, Yujing (19 October 2020). "Alibaba to pay US$3.6 billion for control of China's top hypermarket chain". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  115. ^ "Gold Supplier". Alibaba Group. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  116. ^ "Alibaba.com's Supplier Verification Services". Alibaba Group. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  117. ^ Andrew Minalto (January 2014). "Top 10 Scams on Alibaba.com!". Andrewminalto.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  118. ^ a b "Alibaba and the 2,236 thieves". The Economist. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  119. ^ Muncaster, Phil (6 July 2012). "Ex-Alibaba GM cuffed as bribery scandal resurfaces". The Register. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  120. ^ Epstein, Gady (11 April 2011). "Alibaba's Jack Ma Fights To Win Back Trust". Forbes. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  121. ^ Liu, Cynthia (7 December 2016). "One Platform to Rule Them All: The Brains Behind Cainiao Network (PI)". E Commerce Asia. E COm Asia. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  122. ^ "22 Amazing Taobao Statistics". DMR. 19 January 2017. Archived from the original on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  123. ^ "18 Amazing Tmall Statistics". DMR. 19 February 2017. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  124. ^ Lee, Cyrus. "Alibaba achieves 3 trillion yuan transaction volume milestone". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  125. ^ Wu, Kane; Cadell, Cate (26 September 2017). Muralikumar Anantharaman (ed.). "Alibaba takes control of logistics business, pledges $15 billion to expand network". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  126. ^ "Alibaba to Take Majority Stake in Cainiao Network". Alibaba Group. 26 September 2017. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  127. ^ hermes (27 September 2017). "Alibaba takes control of logistics business". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  128. ^ "Belgischer Geheimdienst überwacht Logistikzentrum von Alibaba". tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  129. ^ "Belgian intelligence investigating logistics hub of China's Alibaba at local airport". The Guardian. Reuters. 6 October 2023. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  130. ^ "Belgium monitoring China's Alibaba over spying concerns". Euronews. 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  131. ^ Dubois, Laura; Liu, Qianer (5 October 2023). "Alibaba accused of 'possible espionage' at European hub". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  132. ^ "Alibaba to buy Cainiao stake for up to $3.75 billion as it drops IPO plan". Reuters. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
  133. ^ "aliyun.com". Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  134. ^ Wanxia, Lin (22 November 2016). "Alibaba Cloud's global expansion program rolls into Dubai". www.atimes.com. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  135. ^ "Aliyun & Inspur Partner to Beat Cloud competition". 7 July 2014. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  136. ^ Mutton, Paul (27 May 2015). "Aliyun cloud growth makes Alibaba largest hosting company in China". Netcraft. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  137. ^ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. "Is Aliyun OS really Linux? Android? A rip-off of both?". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  138. ^ "Alibaba's AI-powered speaker hits the shelves · TechNode". 11 August 2017. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  139. ^ "Alibaba's Wanli Min presents 'City Brain' and talks upcoming quarterly results". 19 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  140. ^ "Alibaba's 'City Brain' is slashing congestion in its hometown". 15 January 2019. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  141. ^ "City Brain". Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  142. ^ "Alibaba Unveils Open Source RISC-V CPU Amid US-China Trade War". Tom's Hardware. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  143. ^ Synced (25 July 2019). "Alibaba Is Open-Sourcing Its Powerful New RISC-V Processor for 5G and AI". Synced. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  144. ^ Quach, Katyanna (27 July 2019). "Alibaba sketches world's 'fastest' 'open-source' RISC-V processor yet: 16 cores, 64-bit, 2.5GHz, 12nm, out-of-order exec". The Register. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  145. ^ Cutress, Dr Ian. "Hot Chips 2020 Live Blog: Alibaba Xuantie-910 RISC-V CPU (3:00pm PT)". www.anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  146. ^ "Alibaba unveils self-developed AI chip for cloud computing services". Reuters. 25 September 2019. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  147. ^ Synced (25 September 2019). "Alibaba's New AI Chip Can Process Nearly 80K Images Per Second". Synced. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  148. ^ Kharpal, Arjun (25 September 2019). "Alibaba unveils its first A.I. chip as China pushes for its own semiconductor technology". CNBC. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  149. ^ "Alibaba Cuts Cloud Prices to Spur Growth Before Possible IPO". Bloomberg. 25 April 2023.
  150. ^ Kharpal, Arjun (1 June 2023). "Alibaba begins rollout of its ChatGPT-style tech as China A.I. race heats up". CNBC.
  151. ^ Zhong, Raymond (16 December 2020). "As China Tracked Muslims, Alibaba Showed Customers How They Could, Too". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  152. ^ "Alibaba 'dismayed' that Alibaba Cloud developed feature allowing firms to identify Uighur minorities". Hong Kong Free Press. Agence France-Presse. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  153. ^ a b "Alibaba Admits Developing Racist Uyghur Recognition". IPVM. 22 December 2020. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  154. ^ "Alibaba announces live entertainment business group - TechNode". TechNode. 20 September 2017. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  155. ^ "Alibaba Owned UCWeb Faces Risk of Ban For Data Theft Allegations". inc42.com. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  156. ^ Kwok, Donny; Thomas, Denny; Carsten, Paul (12 March 2014). Edwina Gibbs (ed.). "Alibaba buys ChinaVision stake for $804 million; gains TV, movie content". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  157. ^ Yuan, Li (16 November 2017). "Spoiler Alert: Jack Ma Beats Jet Li, but No Hollywood Ending for Alibaba". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  158. ^ "Alibaba Names Renowned Musician Gao Xiaosong to Run Music Unit | Alizila.com". Alizila.com. 20 July 2015. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  159. ^ "Alibaba and Tencent collaborate on music copyright · TechNode". TechNode. 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  160. ^ Neil Gough (28 April 2014). "Alibaba Buys Stake in Chinese Web TV Company for $1.2 Billion". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  161. ^ Szalai, Georg (28 March 2023). "Alibaba to Split Into 6 Parts, Including Digital Media and Entertainment Group". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  162. ^ Yan, Sophia (11 June 2014). "Alibaba continues quest to own the Chinese Internet - Jun. 11, 2014". Money.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  163. ^ "Alibaba's Jack Ma to dump WeChat service in favour of 'own baby' Laiwang". South China Morning Post. 23 October 2013. Archived from the original on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  164. ^ Alibaba, UCWeb plan mobile-search joint venture Archived 1 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine, MarketWatch, 28 April 2014
  165. ^ Alibaba, UCWeb Team Up In Mobile Search Archived 8 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Forbes magazine, 28 April 2014
  166. ^ Alibaba to buy out UCWeb in China's biggest internet merger Archived 15 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters, 11 June 2014
  167. ^ Mozur, Paul (11 June 2014). "Alibaba Buys Remaining Stake in UCWeb". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  168. ^ Alibaba to Acquire Rest of UCWeb to Boost Mobile Offering Archived 9 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Bloomberg, 11 June 2014
  169. ^ Li, Pei; Cadell, Cate (18 February 2019). Anantharaman, Muralikumar (ed.). "Alibaba is the force behind hit Chinese Communist Party app: sources". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  170. ^ "Alibaba acquires Yahoo China". China Daily. Xinhua News Agency. 11 August 2005. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  171. ^ Steadman, Ian. (22 April 2013) Yahoo! decides to close its Chinese mail service (Wired UK) Archived 31 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Wired.co.uk. Retrieved on 21 September 2013.
  172. ^ XIANG, TRACEY (19 August 2013). "Yahoo!China Closing Mail Service Today". TechNode. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  173. ^ Li, Jane (10 March 2020). "What is DingTalk, Alibaba's Slack equivalent that quarantined kids in China hate?". Quartz. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  174. ^ "Moderate growth amid a challenging landscape may be Alibaba's new normal". KrASIA. 30 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  175. ^ Qu, Tracy (27 May 2022). "Alibaba's first Cloud profit cheers investors amid broader e-commerce slowdown". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  176. ^ Guilford, Gwynn (June 2014). "Alibaba has a new way of explaining its controversial Alipay spinoff". Quartz. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  177. ^ John Watling (14 February 2014). "China's Internet Giants Lead in Online Finance". The Financialist. Credit Suisse. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  178. ^ a b Chohan, Usman W. "Financial Innovation in China: Alibaba's Leftover Treasure – 余额宝". McGill University. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  179. ^ "Alibaba affiliate Alipay rebranded Ant in new financial services push". Reuters. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  180. ^ Wang, Yanfei (9 September 2017). "Ant Financial ranked 6th in Fortune environmental list". China Daily. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  181. ^ "Ant Financial named in Fortune's "Change the World" list--China Economic Net". en.ce.cn. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  182. ^ "China's Ant Financial reportedly raises $10 billion at $150 billion valuation". CNBC. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  183. ^ Wang, Yue. "Ant Financial Said To Close $150B Funding Round". Forbes. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  184. ^ "China's digital-payments giant keeps bank chiefs up at night". The Economist. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  185. ^ Lizzy Gurdus (24 July 2020). "Ant Financial IPO: Using ETFs to play the historic dual listing". Cnbc.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  186. ^ Chan, Ray; Yiu, Enoch; Yu, Sophie (25 January 2014). "Alibaba buys controlling stake in Citic 21CN". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  187. ^ Wang, Jasmine (23 January 2014). "Alibaba, Yunfeng to Buy Control of Citic 21CN for $171 Million". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  188. ^ "Alibaba Agrees to Buy AutoNavi in $1.5 Billion Map Deal". Bloomberg News. 11 April 2014. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  189. ^ Perez, Bien (2 July 2015). "Alibaba's healthcare subsidiary aims to expand e-commerce operations despite losses". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  190. ^ a b "Company Overview of Alisports.com". Bloomberg. 17 July 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  191. ^ "Infantino suggests 32-team FIFA Club World Cup". Special Broadcasting Service. Sydney. 19 November 2016. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  192. ^ "China to host richest ever rugby sevens tournament as US$100 million injection bears first fruit". South China Morning Post. 17 July 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  193. ^ Custer, C. (14 December 2015). "Disconnect: Jack Ma made a big mistake buying SCMP". Tech in Asia. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  194. ^ Jourdan, Adam; Kwok, Donny; Yu, Jess Macy (14 December 2015). Roantree, Anne Marie; Woo, Ryan (eds.). "Alibaba agrees on $266 million acquisition deal with South China Morning Post". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  195. ^ "List of Significant Subsidiaries and Consolidated Entities of Alibaba Group Holding Limited". Alibaba Group. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  196. ^ "2015 Annual Report" (PDF). Beijing Enlight Media (in Chinese). Shenzhen Stock Exchange. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  197. ^ 非公开发行A股股票预案 (PDF) (in Simplified Chinese). China United Network Communications. 21 August 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  198. ^ Perez, Bien (28 September 2017). "Alibaba's entrepreneurs fund eyes next billion-dollar start-up in Hong Kong". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  199. ^ "Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund (阿里巴巴创业者基金)". Tech in Asia. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  200. ^ Bailey, Michael (4 October 2016). "Sydney's Luke Grana backed by Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund". The Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  201. ^ Zen, Soo (15 July 2017). "DayDayCook raises fresh funds to enhance step-by-step instructional videos on recipes". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  202. ^ Russell, Jon (2 September 2017). "GoGoVan becomes Hong Kong's first $1 billion startup following merger deal". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  203. ^ Steven, Millward (8 November 2017). "Alibaba funds lending startup WeLab to help it break out of China". Tech in Asia. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  204. ^ Sam, Ameen (17 May 2017). "Alibaba Makes Its First FinTech Investment in Hong Kong". Forbes. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  205. ^ Jon, Russell (18 May 2017). "Hong Kong's Qupital raises $2M led by Alibaba to finance invoice loans for SMEs". Techcrunch. Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  206. ^ Zverev, Anton; Tsydenova, Nadezhda (7 November 2019). "Alibaba, Russian Post launch China-Russia flights to cut delivery times". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  207. ^ Kelley, Michael B.; Yarow, Jay (7 May 2015). "Alibaba's CEO replaced". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  208. ^ Wong, Gillian (4 August 2015). "Alibaba Group Names Michael Evans as President". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  209. ^ Wee, Willis (13 May 2013). "Jack Ma's Last Speech as Alibaba CEO". Tech in Asia. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  210. ^ Hille, Kathrin (15 January 2013). "Jack Ma steps down as Alibaba chief". Financial Times. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  211. ^ Millward, Steven (11 March 2013). "Alibaba Appoints Jonathan Lu as New CEO, Will Take Ma's Desk on May 10". Tech in Asia. Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  212. ^ Udland, Myles. "IT'S OFFICIAL: ALIBABA WILL BE THE LARGEST IPO EVER". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  213. ^ Flannery, Russell. "Who Is Alibaba's New CEO?". Forbes. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  214. ^ Choudhury, Saheli Roy (9 September 2018). "Jack Ma succession plan at Alibaba: Daniel Zhang to become chairman". www.cnbc.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  215. ^ Mattis, Peter; Brazil, Matthew (15 November 2019). Chinese Communist Espionage: An Intelligence Primer. Naval Institute Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-68247-304-7.
  216. ^ Chen, Lulu Yilun (23 September 2019). "China Boosts Government Presence at Alibaba, Private Giants". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  217. ^ He, Laura (24 September 2019). "China is sending government officials into companies like Alibaba and Geely". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  218. ^ Doherty, Brennan (18 September 2023). "The businesses staying in Russia". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  219. ^ "The NACP included the owner of AliExpress in the list of international sponsors of the war". National Agency on Corruption Prevention. 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  220. ^ "Alibaba Names Tsai Chairman, Wu CEO in Surprise Shake-Up". Bloomberg.com. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  221. ^ "Alibaba Group Holding Limited Insider Trading & Ownership Structure". Simply Wall St. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  222. ^ a b c d e f g Liu, Lizhi (2024). From Click to Boom: The Political Economy of E-Commerce in China. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691254104.
  223. ^ Kharpal, Arjun (9 August 2021). "Alibaba fires manager accused of sexual assault; CEO calls for change after 'shameful' incident". CNBC. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  224. ^ "Alibaba Employee Molestation Case Sparks Discussions on Sexual Harassment in China's Workplace". Xinjingbao. 8 August 2021.
  225. ^ "Press release: Support from Alibaba Foundation empowers UN Women flagship programmes". UN Women. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  226. ^ "马云：女性员工不能低于33%，要成领导考核的KPI". 新京报. 28 August 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2021. 
"Sec Form F-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT Alibaba Group Holding Limited". Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2020. "Our offices". Alibaba Group. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018. "Alibaba Group Holding Limited". Alibaba Group. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020. "Beware: Alibaba IPO isn't really selling Alibaba". Alibaba Group. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alibaba Group.

30°11′23″N 120°11′25″E / 30.189602°N 120.190371°E / 30.189602; 120.190371

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alibaba_Group&oldid=1263898827#Yahoo!_China"