French
DeutschPoeta nazionale
Un poeta nazionale è un poeta reputato per tradizione e per acclamazione popolare il rappresentante dell'identità, delle credenze e dei principi di una particolare cultura nazionale.[1] La figura del poeta nazionale come eroe culturale ha una tradizione di lunga data e si distingue dalla carica di poeta laureato, assegnata sulla base di una procedura burocratica. Il concetto dei poeti nazionali e il prestigio legato a queste figure si affermarono durante il Romanticismo e giocarono un ruolo fondamentale nella formazione degli Stati-Nazione, rinforzando le identità etno-linguistiche.[1]
La maggior parte dei poeti nazionali sono personaggi vissuti in epoche storiche; tuttavia, talvolta anche scrittori contemporanei attivi in letterature nazionali relativamente nuove sono stati innalzati a «poeti nazionali». Pur non eletti tramite procedure formali, i poeti nazionali svolgono un ruolo nel plasmare la visione che un Paese ha di sé stesso.[2] Alcune Nazioni riconoscono più d'un singolo poeta nazionale. Si è sostenuto che un poeta nazionale «deve scrivere poesie che s'identifichino strettamente con la causa della Nazione; o si ritiene che lo faccia»;[3] si ritiene anche che, per essere tale, «un poeta nazionale deve scrivere in una lingua nazionale».[4]
Di séguito si riporta un elenco di Nazioni coi corrispettivi poeti nazionali. L'elenco non include in senso stretto solo Stati o Paesi sovrani, poiché i termini «Nazione» (come concetto culturale), «Paese» (come concetto geografico) e «Stato» (come concetto politico) non sono sinonimi.
Africa
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Asia
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Europa
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Nord America
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Oceania
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Sud America
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Note
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- ^ a b c Nemoianu Virgil, "'National Poets' in the Romantic Age: Emergence and Importance." Romantic Poetry, a cura di Angela Esterhammer, John Benjamins Publishing, 2002, pp. 537, ISBN 9789027234506.
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Bibliografia
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- (EN) Marcel Cornis-Pope e John Neubauer, Figures of National Poets, 2004.
- (EN) Edward Whitley, American Bards: Walt Whitman and Other Unlikely Candidates for National Poet, 2010.
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