阿拉米字母 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
阿拉姆字母 | |
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类型 | |
使用时期 | 公元前800年到公元600年 |
书写方向 | 從右至左書寫 ![]() |
语言 | 亞蘭語、希伯來語、敘利亞語、曼達語等 |
相关书写体系 | |
父体系 | |
子体系 | |
Unicode | |
范围 | U+10840至U+1085F(帝国阿拉姆字母) |
阿拉姆字母(Aramaic alphabet),又稱阿拉米字母、阿拉美字母、亞蘭字母,是一種源自北方閃米特字母的輔音音素文字(abjad),通行於今日敘利亞以東的西亞地區。阿拉姆字母主要用來書寫阿拉姆語。現存的阿拉姆字母碑文都在公元前9世紀到前7世紀,大約在公元前8世紀開始與腓尼基字母分化,直到公元前331年波斯帝國瓦解後,開始分化成西亞地區的各種文字,包括今日的希伯來字母都是源於阿拉姆字母。
字母
[编辑]字母名称 | 亚拉姆语所用字母 | IPA | 等价 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叙利亚字母 | 帝国阿拉米字母 | 希伯來字母 | 马卢拉阿拉米字母 | 腓尼基字母 | 阿拉伯字母 | 婆罗米字母 | 纳巴泰字母 | 佉卢字母 | 古突厥字母 | 吉兹字母 | |||||
图像 | 文字 | 图像 | 文字 | ||||||||||||
Ālap | ![]() | ܐ | ![]() | 𐡀 | /ʔ/; /aː/, /eː/ | א | ![]() | 𐤀 | ا | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰁 | አ | |
Bēth | ![]() | ܒ | ![]() | 𐡁 | /b/, /β/ | ב | ![]() | 𐤁 | ب | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰉 | በ | |
Gāmal | ![]() | ܓ | ![]() | 𐡂 | /ɡ/, /ɣ/ | ג | ![]() | 𐤂 | ج | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰏 | ገ | |
Dālath | ![]() | ܕ | ![]() | 𐡃 | /d/, /ð/ | ד | ![]() | 𐤃 | د ذ | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰒 | ደ ዳ | |
Hē | ![]() | ܗ | ![]() | 𐡄 | /ɦ/ | ה | ![]() | 𐤄 | ه | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰜 | ኸ | |
Waw | ![]() | ܘ | ![]() | 𐡅 | /w/; /oː/, /uː/ | ו | ![]() | 𐤅 | و | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰈 | ወ ዋ | |
Zain | ![]() | ܙ | ![]() | 𐡆 | /z/ | ז | ![]() | 𐤆 | ز | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰕 | ዘ ዠ | |
Ḥēth | ![]() | ܚ | ![]() | 𐡇 | /ʜ/ /χ/ | ח | ![]() | 𐤇 | ح خ | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰴 | ሀ ኀ | |
Ṭēth | ![]() | ܛ | ![]() | 𐡈 | /tˤ/ | ט | ![]() | 𐤈 | ط ظ | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰓 | ተ ፀ | |
Yodh | ![]() | ܝ | ![]() | 𐡉 | /j/; /iː/, /eː/ | י | ![]() | 𐤉 | ي | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰘 | የ | |
Kāp | ![]() | ܟ | ![]() | 𐡊 | /k/, /x/ | כ ך | ![]() ![]() | 𐤊 | ك | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰚 | ከ | |
Lāmadh | ![]() | ܠ | ![]() | 𐡋 | /l/ | ל | ![]() | 𐤋 | ل | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰞 | ለ ላ | |
Mem | ![]() | ܡ | ![]() | 𐡌 | /m/ | מ ם | ![]() ![]() | 𐤌 | م | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰢 | መ | |
Nun | ![]() | ܢ | ![]() | 𐡍 | /n/ | נ ן | ![]() ![]() | 𐤍 | ن | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰤 | ነ | |
Semkath | ![]() | ܣ | ![]() | 𐡎 | /s/ | ס | ![]() | 𐤎 | س | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰾 | ሠ | |
ʿĒ | ![]() | ܥ | ![]() | 𐡏 | /ʢ/ /ʁ/ | ע | ![]() | 𐤏 | ع غ | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰠⸲𐰭 | ዐ | |
Pē | ![]() | ܦ | ![]() | 𐡐 | /p/, /ɸ/ | פ ף | ![]() ![]() | 𐤐 | ف | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰯 | ፈ | |
Ṣādhē | ![]() | ܨ | ![]() ![]() | 𐡑 | /sˤ/ | צ ץ | ![]() ![]() | 𐤑 | ص ض | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰽 | ሰ | |
Qop | ![]() | ܩ | ![]() | 𐡒 | /qˤ/ | ק | ![]() | 𐤒 | ق | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰵 | ቀ | |
Rēsh | ![]() | ܪ | ![]() | 𐡓 | /r/ | ר | ![]() | 𐤓 | ر | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐰺 | ረ | |
Shin | ![]() | ܫ | ![]() | 𐡔 | /ʃ/ | ש | ![]() | 𐤔 | ش | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐱂 | ሠ ሸ | |
Taw | ![]() | ܬ | ![]() | 𐡕 | /t/, /θ/ | ת | ![]() | 𐤕 | ت ث | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 𐱅 | ጠ ፀ |
Unicode
[编辑]帝国阿拉姆字母 Imperial Aramaic[1][2] Unicode Consortium 官方碼表(PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+1084x | 𐡀 | 𐡁 | 𐡂 | 𐡃 | 𐡄 | 𐡅 | 𐡆 | 𐡇 | 𐡈 | 𐡉 | 𐡊 | 𐡋 | 𐡌 | 𐡍 | 𐡎 | 𐡏 |
U+1085x | 𐡐 | 𐡑 | 𐡒 | 𐡓 | 𐡔 | 𐡕 | 𐡗 | 𐡘 | 𐡙 | 𐡚 | 𐡛 | 𐡜 | 𐡝 | 𐡞 | 𐡟 | |
註釋 |
參考
[编辑]- Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems Oxford. (1996)
- Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
- 周有光,(1997年),《世界文字發展史》,ISBN 7-5320-4906-X
- Byrne, Ryan. “Middle Aramaic Scripts.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. (2006)
- Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems. Oxford. (1996)
- Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World. Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
- Rudder, Joshua. Learn to Write Aramaic: A Step-by-Step Approach to the Historical & Modern Scripts. n.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. 220 pp. ISBN 978-1461021421 Includes a wide variety of Aramaic scripts.
- Ancient Hebrew and Aramaic on Coins, reading and transliterating Proto-Hebrew, online edition. (Judaea Coin Archive)