硬腦膜下血腫 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

硬腦膜下血腫
又称Subdural hematoma, subdural haematoma, subdural haemorrhage
硬膜下血腫(箭頭)造成明顯的中線偏移英语midline shift
病因頭部損傷, 酗酒, 腦脊液壓力下降[1][2]
风险因素老化, 長期酗酒, 失智症腦脊液外漏英语cerebrospinal fluid leak[3][2][4]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科神經外科, 神經內科
ICD-10I62.0、​P10.0、​S06.5
DiseasesDB12614
MedlinePlus000713
eMedicine1137207
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硬腦膜下血腫(Subdural hematoma,SDH),簡稱硬膜下血腫,是指血液聚積在周围的硬腦膜内层与脑脊膜蛛網膜層之间,而行成的血腫[5]。可能的症状包括頭痛、思维混乱、人格改变和意识丧失[6]。可能并发症包括腦疝癲癇發作[5]

通常是脑外伤造成跨过硬膜下腔英语Subdural space橋接靜脈英语Cerebral circulation破裂[5]。儿童可能因意外或故意(被傷害)而受伤[5]。非创伤相关原因包括使用抗凝剂動脈瘤腦瘤腰椎穿刺后和自发性發生[7]酗酒也是一个危险因子[6]。通常以CT 扫描诊断[8]

治疗可能需要手术,尤其是突然发生出血且出血量大时[7]。常用手术包括开颅手术頭部穿孔,使壓力釋放[6]。小量出血可能只需要密切监测[6]

急性硬腦膜下血腫,在严重头部损伤患者中占5%至25%[9]。每年每 10 万人中约有 3 人患有慢性硬腦膜下血腫[10]。盛行率在年轻人和老年人較高[5]。 急性硬腦膜下血腫的死亡率在50%至90%中[7]。亚急性和慢性硬膜下出血的預後较佳[6]

參見

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参考文獻

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  1. ^ Ko BS, Lee JK, Seo BR, Moon SJ, Kim JH, Kim SH. Clinical analysis of risk factors related to recurrent chronic subdural hematoma. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. January 2008, 43 (1): 11–15. PMC 2588154可免费查阅. PMID 19096538. doi:10.3340/jkns.2008.43.1.11. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 University of Vermont College of Medicine. "Neuropathology: Trauma to the CNS." Accessed through web archive on August 8, 2007.
  3. ^ Imaging in Subdural HematomaeMedicine
  4. ^ Beck J, Gralla J, Fung C, Ulrich CT, Schucht P, Fichtner J, et al. Spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak as the cause of chronic subdural hematomas in nongeriatric patients. Journal of Neurosurgery. December 2014, 121 (6): 1380–1387. PMID 25036203. S2CID 207731566. doi:10.3171/2014.6.JNS14550可免费查阅. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Pierre, L; Kondamudi, NP. Subdural Hematoma. StatPearls. January 2020. PMID 30422565. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Subdural haematoma. nhs.uk. 23 October 2017 [16 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于12 November 2020) (英语). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Vega, RA; Valadka, AB. Natural History of Acute Subdural Hematoma.. Neurosurgery clinics of North America. April 2017, 28 (2): 247–255. PMID 28325459. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2016.11.007. 
  8. ^ Subdural haematoma - Diagnosis. nhs.uk. 23 October 2017 [16 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于29 August 2021) (英语). 
  9. ^ Subdural Hematoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology. Emedicine. 10 June 2020 [16 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于29 October 2020). 
  10. ^ Yadav, YR; Parihar, V; Namdev, H; Bajaj, J. Chronic subdural hematoma.. Asian journal of neurosurgery. October 2016, 11 (4): 330–342. PMID 27695533. doi:10.4103/1793-5482.145102. 

外部連結

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