French
Deutsch游蛇科 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
游蛇科 化石时期：漸新世至現今 | |
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| Coluber caspius | |
科学分类  | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 爬行綱 Reptilia |
| 目： | 有鳞目 Squamata |
| 亚目： | 蛇亚目 Serpentes |
| 总科： | 黃頷蛇總科 Colubroidea |
| 科： | 游蛇科 Colubridae Oppel, 1811 |
| 亞科 | |
| 见#分类 | |
游蛇科（學名：Colubridae），又稱黄颔蛇科，是爬蟲綱有鱗目蛇亞目下的一個蛇科，是眾多蛇科中擁有最多物種的一個科，數量幾乎佔據世上過半的總蛇種。游蛇科下的蛇類特性較為普通，亦較為常見。
大部分游蛇科下的蛇種都是無毒的（又或者含有輕量而且對人體不構成傷害的毒素），因此對人類的威脅普遍不大。不過游蛇科當中仍然有一些蛇種帶有強烈毒素（如非洲樹蛇等），可是牠們用以注射毒素的毒牙位處於口腔的較後位置。
分类
[编辑]其實生物分類學上所謂的「游蛇科」並不是一個自然的分類，比起同科下的其它蛇種，有些蛇反而跟其它蛇科下的蛇（如眼鏡蛇）更為親近。之所以會設立「游蛇科」，最主要是要將一些未能立即作出仔細分類的蛇種集中收容，再留待詳細的生物觀察及DNA測試研究為這個科下的蛇找出一個更實際的科屬。
游蛇科下原分为8个亚科：
- 剑蛇亚科 Sibynophiinae
- 游蛇亚科 Natricinae
- 斜鳞蛇亚科 Pseudoxenodontinae
- 食蜗蛇亚科 Dipsadinae
- 葛雷蛇亚科 Grayiinae
- 铁线蛇亚科 Calamariinae
- 瘦蛇亚科 Ahaetuliinae
- 黄颔蛇亚科 Colubrinae
2019年的研究将铁线蛇亚科 （Calamariinae）提升为两头蛇科(Calamariidae)、食蜗蛇亚科 (Dipsadinae)提升为食螺蛇科(Dipsadidae)、游蛇亚科(Natricinae)提升为水游蛇科(Natricidae)、斜鳞蛇亚科(Pseudoxenodontinae)提升为斜鳞蛇科(Pseudoxenodontidae)、剑蛇亚科（Sibynophiinae）提升为剑蛇科(Sibynophiidae)[1]。
本科包括以下属：
游蛇科的属
- Abastor Gray, 1849
- Ablabes Duméril, 1853
- Ablabophis Boulenger, 1893
- Achalinopsis Steindachner, 1913
- Acontiophis Günther, 1875
- Adelophis Cope, 1879
- Adelophis Dugès, 1879
- Adelphicos Jan, 1862
- Adiastema Werner, 1925
- Aeluroglena Boulenger, 1898
- Aepidea Hallowell, 1860
- Afronatrix Rossman & Eberle, 1977
- Agrophis Müller, 1895
- 瘦蛇屬 Ahaetulla Link, 1807
- Alleidophis Prado, 1939
- Allophis Peters, 1872
- Alopecion Duméril, 1853
- Alopecophis Gray, 1849
- Alsophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Amastridium Cope, 1861
- Amblymetopon Günther, 1858
- Ameiseophis Holman, 1977
- Amnesteophis Myers, 2011
- 腹鏈蛇屬 Amphiesma Duméril & Bibron, 1854
- Amphiesmoides Malnate, 1961
- Amphiophis Barboza de Bocage, 1872
- Ancistrodon Wagler, 1830
- Anholodon Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
- Anisodon Rosen, 1905
- Anisodontes Rosen, 1905
- Anoplodipsas Peters, 1869
- Anoplohydrus Werner, 1909
- Anoplophallus Cope, 1893
- Aporophis Cope, 1877
- Apostolepis Cope, 1862
- Apostolepis adhara França, Barbo, Silva-Júnior, Silva & Zaher, 2018[2]
- Apostolepis albicollaris De Lema, 2002
- Apostolepis alphonsehogei
- Apostolepis ambiniger (Peters, 1869)
- Apostolepis arenaria Rodrigues, 1993
- Apostolepis assimilis (Reinhardt, 1861)
- Apostolepis borellii Peracca, 1904
- Apostolepis breviceps Harvey, Gonzales & Scrocchi, 2001
- Apostolepis cearensis Gomes, 1915
- Apostolepis cerradoensis De Lema, 2003
- Apostolepis christineae De Lema, 2002
- Apostolepis collaris Peracca, 1897
- Apostolepis dimidiata (Jan, 1862)
- Apostolepis dorbignyi (Schlegel, 1837)
- Apostolepis flavotorquata (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)
- Apostolepis gaboi Rodrigues, 1993
- Apostolepis goiasensis Prado, 1942
- Apostolepis intermedia Koslowsky, 1898
- Apostolepis kikoi Santos, Entiauspe-Neto, Silva-Araújo, Souza, Lema, Strüssmann & Albuquerque, 2018
- Apostolepis lineata Cope, 1887
- Apostolepis longicaudata Gomes, 1921
- Apostolepis mariae Borges-Nojosa, Lima, Bezerra & Harris, 2017
- Apostolepis multicincta Harvey, 1999
- Apostolepis nelsonjorgei De Lema & Renner, 2004
- Apostolepis niceforoi Amaral, 1935
- Apostolepis nigrolineata (Peters, 1869)
- Apostolepis nigroterminata Boulenger, 1896
- Apostolepis phillipsae Harvey, 1999
- Apostolepis polylepis Amaral, 1922
- Apostolepis pymi Boulenger, 1903
- Apostolepis quirogai Giraudo & Scrocchi, 1998
- Apostolepis sanctaeritae Werner, 1924
- Apostolepis serrana De Lema & Renner, 2006
- Apostolepis striata De Lema, 2004
- Apostolepis tenuis Ruthven, 1927
- Apostolepis thalesdelemai Borges-Nojosa, Lima, Bezerra & James, 2016
- Apostolepis underwoodi Lema & Campbell, 2017
- Apostolepis vittata (Cope, 1887)
- Aproaspidops Annandale, 1912
- Aprosdoketophis Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010
- Aproterodon
- Arcanumophis Smaga, Ttito & Catenazzi, 2019
- Archelaphe Schulz, Böhme & Tillack, 2011
- Archerpeton Carroll, 1964
- Argyrogena Werner, 1924
- Arizona Kennicott, 1859
- Arrhyton Günther, 1858
- Arrhyton ainictum Schwartz & Garrido, 1981
- Arrhyton albicollum Díaz, Fong, Salas & Hedges, 2021[3]
- Arrhyton dolichura Werner, 1909
- Arrhyton procerum Hedges & Garrido, 1992
- Arrhyton redimitum (Cope, 1862)
- Arrhyton supernum Hedges & Garrido, 1992
- Arrhyton taeniatum Günther, 1858
- Arrhyton tanyplectum Schwartz & Garrido, 1981
- Arrhyton vittatum (Gundlach, 1861)
- 盾尾蛇属 Aspidura Wagler, 1830
- Asthenophis Boulenger, 1896
- Atomarchus Cope, 1883
- Atomophis Cope, 1887
- 箭蛇属 Atractus Wagler, 1828
- 滇西蛇屬 Atretium Cope, 1861
- Balanophis H.M.Smith, 1938
- Baliodryas Zaher & Prudente, 2019
- Bamanophis Schätti & Trape, 2008
- Barbourina Amaral, 1924
- Bascanion Baird & Girard, 1853
- Bascanium Baird & Girard, 1853
- Bergenia Steindachner, 1867
- Bibilava Glaw, Nagy, Franzen & Vences, 2007
- 珠光蛇属 Blythia Theobold, 1868
- Bogertophis Dowling & Price, 1988
- 林蛇屬 Boiga Fitzinger, 1826
- Boiruna Zaher, 1996
- Borikenophis Hedges & Vidal, 2009
- Brachyrruton Duméril, 1853
- Brachyura Kuhl & Hasselt, 1822
- Brachyura Latreille, 1802
- Brachyura Linnaeus, 1758
- Bucephalus Smith, 1829
- Caaeteboia Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
- 鐵線蛇屬 Calamaria H.Boie, 1827
- Calamodon do Amaral, 1937
- Calamodontophis Amaral, 1963
- Calamohydrus Boulenger, 1888
- Calamorhabdium Boettger, 1898
- Callirhinus Girard, 1857
- Callopeltis Bonaparte, 1841
- Callopisma Duméril, 1853
- Calopeltis Fitzinger, 1843
- Campylodon Duméril, 1853
- Cantonophis Werner, 1909
- Caraiba Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
- Carphophiops Gervais, 1840
- Carphophis Gervais, 1843
- Celuta Baird & Girard, 1853
- Cemophora Cope, 1860
- Cenaspis
- Cenaspis aenigma Campbell, Smith & Hall, 2018[4]
- Cercaspis Wagler, 1830
- Cercophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Chamaetortus Günther, 1864
- Changulia Gray, 1832-35
- Chapinophis Campbell & E.N.Smith, 1998
- Chatachlein Jan, 1862
- 奔蛇属 Chersodromus Reinhardt, 1860
- Chilomeniscus Cope, 1860
- Chilopoma Cope, 1875
- Chionactis Cope, 1860
- 蚩蛇属 Chironius Fitzinger, 1826
- Chlorophis Hallowell, 1857
- Chlorophis Theobald, 1868
- Chlorosoma Wagler, 1830
- Chorisodon Duméril, 1853
- Chotaophis Head, 2005
- 金花蛇屬 Chrysopelea H.Boie, 1826
- Clelia Fitzinger, 1826
- Clonophis Cope, 1889
- Cochliophagus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
- Coelognathus Fitzinger, 1843
- Coelopeltis Wagler, 1830
- Collorhabdium Smedley, 1932
- Colobognathus Peters, 1859
- Colophrys Cope, 1868
- Colorhogia Cope, 1862
- Coluber Linnaeus, 1758
- Colubroelaps Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, T.T.Nguyen & T.Q.Nguyen, 2009
- Comastes Jan, 1863
- Coniophanes Cope, 1860
- Coniophanes Hallowell, 1860
- Conocephalus Duméril & Bibron, 1854
- Conophis Peters, 1860
- Conopsis Günther, 1858
- Contia Baird & Girard, 1853
- Coronelaps de Lema & Hofstadler-Delques, 2010
- Coronella Laurenti, 1768
- Coryphodon Duméril & Bibron, 1854
- Crisantophis Villa, 1971
- Crotaphopeltis Fitzinger, 1843
- Cryophis Bogert & Duellman, 1963
- Cryptodacus Gundlach, 1862
- Cryptolycus Broadley, 1968
- Cryptophidion Wallach & Jones, 1992
- Cubophis Hedges & Vidal, 2009
- Cyclophiops Boulenger, 1888
- Cyclophis Günther, 1858
- Cynophis Gray, 1849
- Dakaria Werner, 1925
- Dakotaophis Holman, 1976
- 食卵蛇屬 Dasypeltis Wagler, 1830
- 過樹蛇屬 Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890
- Dendrophidion Fitzinger, 1843
- Diadophis Baird & Girard, 1853
- Diaphorolepis Jan, 1863
- Dicraulax Cope, 1893
- Dimades Gray, 1842
- Dinodon Duméril, 1853
- Dipeltophis Cope, 1887
- Diplotropis Günther, 1872
- Dipsadoboa Günther, 1858
- Dipsadoides Annandale, 1905
- Dipsadomorphus Fitzinger, 1843
- Dipsadomorus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
- Dipsadophidium Lindholm, 1905
- Dipsas Laurenti, 1768
- Dirosema Boulenger, 1894
- Dirrhox Cope, 1887
- Dispholidus Duvernoy, 1832
- Ditaxodon Hoge, 1958
- Dolichophis Gistel, 1868
- Dolniceophis Rage & Rocek, 1983
- Drepanodon Peracca, 1896
- Drepanoides Dunn, 1928
- Dromicus Cocteau & Bibron, 1843
- Dromophis Peters, 1869
- Dryinoides Auffenberg, 1958
- Drymarchon Fitzinger, 1843
- Drymobius Fitzinger, 1843
- Drymoluber Amaral, 1930
- Dryocalamus Günther, 1858
- Dryophiops Boulenger, 1896
- Dryophis Fitzinger, 1826
- Dryophylax Wagler, 1830
- Echinanthera Cope, 1894
- Eirenis Jan, 1863
- Elachistodon Reinhardt, 1863
- Elaphe Fitzinger, 1833
- Elaphe Wagler, 1833
- Elaphis Bonaparte, 1831
- Elapochrus Peters, 1860
- Elapodis Boie, 1826
- Elapoidis H.Boie, 1827
- Elapomojus Jan, 1862
- Elapomorphus Fitzinger, 1843
- Elapomorphus Wiegmann, 1843
- Eminophis Werner, 1924
- Emmochliophis Fritts & H.M.Smith, 1969
- Enhydrus Rafinesque, 1815
- Enicognathus Duméril & Bibron, 1854
- Entechinus Cope, 1895
- Enuliophis McCranie & Villa, 1993
- Enulius Cope, 1871
- Eremiophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Eremophis Gistl, 1848
- Erpetodryas H.Boie, 1826
- Erythrolamprus Boie, 1826
- Erythrolamprus Wagler, 1830
- Eteirodipsas Jan, 1863
- Etheridgeum Wallach, 1988
- Eudipsas Fitzinger, 1843
- Eugnathus Duméril & Bibron, 1854
- Eumesodon Cope, 1860
- Euprepiophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Europhrys
- Eurostus Duméril, 1853
- Eurypholis Hallowell, 1860
- Eutaenia Baird & Girard, 1853
- Eutaenia Cope, 1866
- Eutainia Baird & Girard, 1853
- Eutrachelophis Myers & McDowell, 2014
- Exelencophis Smith, 1942
- Falconeria Theobald, 1868
- Farancia Gray, 1842
- Feranioides Carlleyle, 1869
- Ficimia Gray, 1849
- Fleischmannia Böttger, 1898
- Floridaophis Holman, 1999
- Fowlea Theobald, 1868
- Galedon Jan, 1863
- Galeophis Berthold, 1859
- Gansophis Head, 2005
- Gastropyxis Cope, 1861
- Geagras Cope, 1876
- Geatractus Dugès, 1898
- Geodipsas Boulenger, 1896
- Geophidium Peters, 1862
- Geophis Wagler, 1830
- Geoptyas Steindachner, 1867
- Georgia Baird & Girard, 1853
- Gerrhosteus Cope, 1874
- Glaphyrophis Jan, 1862
- Glypholycus Günther, 1894
- Gomesophis Hoge & Mertens, 1959
- Gongylosoma Fitzinger, 1843
- Gonionotus Gray, 1846
- Gonyosoma Wagler, 1828
- Grayia Günther, 1858
- Grotea Theobald, 1868
- Gyalopion Cope, 1860
- Haitiophis Hedges & Vidal, 2009
- Haldea Baird & Girard, 1853
- Haplonodon Griffin, 1910
- Hapsidophrys Fischer, 1856
- Hebius Thompson, 1913
- Heleophis Müller, 1884
- Helicops Wagler, 1828
- Helicopsoides Mocquard, 1890
- Helophis de Witte & Laurent, 1942
- Hemerophis Schätti & Utiger, 2001
- Hemiodontus Duméril, 1853
- Hemorrhois F.Boie, 1826
- Herbertophis Macleay, 1884
- Herpetoreas Günther, 1860
- Heterodon Latreille, 1801
- Heterolepis Smith, 1847
- Heterorhachis Amaral, 1923
- Heterurus Duméril, 1853
- Hierophis Bonaparte, 1834
- Hierophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Hispanophis Szyndlar, 1985
- Holarchus Cope, 1886
- Holuropholis Duméril, 1856
- Homalocranion Duméril, 1853
- Homalosoma Wagler, 1830
- Hurria Daudin, 1803
- Hydrablabes Boulenger, 1891
- Hydraethiops Günther, 1872
- Hydrocalamus Cope, 1885
- Hydrodipsas Peters, 1859
- Hydrodynastes Fitzinger, 1843
- Hydromorphus Peters, 1859
- Hydrophobus Günther, 1862
- Hydrops Wagler, 1830
- Hylophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Hypsiglena Cope, 1860
- Hypsirhina Wagler, 1830
- Hypsirhynchus Günther, 1858
- Ialtris Cope, 1862
- Idiophis Mocquard, 1901
- Idiopholis Mocquard, 1892
- Iguanognathus Boulenger, 1898
- Imantodes A.M.C.Duméril, 1853
- Imantodes cenchoa (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Imantodes chocoensis Torres-Carvajal, Yánez-Muñoz, Quirola, Smith & Almendáriz, 2012[5]
- Imantodes gemmistratus (Cope, 1861)
- Imantodes guane Missassi & Prudente, 2015
- Imantodes inornatus (Boulenger, 1896)
- Imantodes lentiferus (Cope, 1894)
- Imantodes phantasma Myers, 1982
- Imantodes tenuissimus (Cope, 1867)
- Incaspis Donoso-Barros, 1974
- Isanophis David, Pauwels, T.Q.Nguyen & Vogel, 2015
- Ischnognathus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
- Isoscelis Günther, 1858
- Keiometopon Taylor, 1962
- Lampropeltis Fitzinger, 1843
- Langaha Bruguière, 1784
- Leimadophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Leioheterodon Boulenger, 1893
- Leionotus Jan, 1863
- Lepidocephalus Hallowell, 1860
- Lepidognathus Lidth de Jeude, 1891
- Leptocalamus Günther, 1872
- Leptodeira Fitzinger, 1843
- Leptodrymus Amaral, 1927
- Leptognathus Duméril & Bibron, 1854
- Leptophidium Hallowell, 1861
- Leptophis Bell, 1825
- Lepturophis Boulenger, 1900
- Lielaphis Günther, 1863
- Limnophis Günther, 1865
- Liodytes Cope, 1885
- Lioheterodon Boulenger, 1893
- Lioheterophis Amaral, 1935
- Lioninia Hallowell, 1860
- Liopeltis Fitzinger, 1843
- Liophis Wagler, 1830
- Liparophis Peracca, 1904
- Lodia Baird & Girard, 1853
- Lycodon Fitzinger, 1826
- Lycodon H.Boie, 1827
- Lycognathophis Boulenger, 1893
- Lycognathus Duméril, 1853
- Lygophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Lytorhynchus Peters, 1862
- Macrocalamus Günther, 1864
- Macrocalamus chanardi David & Pauwels, 2005[6]
- Macrocalamus emas Quah, Anuar, Grismer, Wood & Nor, 2019
- Macrocalamus gentingensis Yaakob & Lim, 2002
- Macrocalamus jasoni Grandison, 1972
- Macrocalamus lateralis Günther, 1864
- Macrocalamus schulzi Vogel & David, 1999
- Macrocalamus tweediei Lim, 1963
- Macrocalamus vogeli David & Pauwels, 2005
- Macrocalamus wellingtoni Hoser, 2020
- Macrocalamus wellsei Hoser, 2020
- Macrophis Barboza de Bocage, 1866
- Macropisthodon Boulenger, 1893
- Macropophis Boulenger, 1893
- Macroprotodon Guichenot, 1850
- Macrops Wagler, 1830
- Magliophis Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
- Manolepis Cope, 1885
- Masticophis Baird & Girard, 1853
- Mastigodryas Amaral, 1935
- Megalops Hallowell, 1860
- Meizodon Fischer, 1856
- Mesopeltis Cope, 1867
- Mesotes Jan, 1862
- Metoporhina Günther, 1858
- Microdromus Günther, 1872
- Micronatrix Parmley & Hunter, 2010
- Microphis Hallowell, 1854
- Migiurtinophis Scortecci, 1935
- Mike Werner, 1924
- Mimometopon Werner, 1903
- Mintonius Collins & Taggart, 2008
- Miocoluber Parmley, 1988
- Mionatrix Sun, 1961
- 硅藻中新蛇 Mionatrix diatomus Sun, 1961
- Mizodon Peters, 1861
- Mopanveldophis Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016
- Morenoa Dugés, 1906
- Muhtarophis Avci, Ilgaz, Rajabizadeh, Yilmaz, Üzüm, Adriaens, Kumlutas & Olgun, 2015
- Mussurana Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
- Nanus Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1985
- Natriciteres Loveridge, 1953
- Natrix Laurenti, 1768
- Nebraskophis Holman, 1973
- Neonatrix Holman, 1973
- Neopareas Günther, 1895
- Neospades De Vis, 1889
- Nerodia Baird & Girard, 1853
- Nerophidion Werner, 1924
- Neusterophis Günther, 1863
- Ninia Baird & Girard, 1853
- Nothopsis Cope, 1871
- Nuchisulcophis Mahendra, 1984
- Odontomus Duméril, 1853
- Ogmius Cope, 1869
- Oligodon H.Boie, 1826
- Oligolepis Boulenger, 1895
- Olisthenes Cope, 1859
- Omoadiphas Köhler, McCranie & Wilson, 2001
- Oocatochus Helfenberger, 2001
- Oophilositum Parker, 1933
- Opetiodon Duméril, 1853
- Opheodrys Fitzinger, 1843
- Opheomorphus Fitzinger, 1843
- Ophibolus Baird & Girard, 1853
- Ophielaps Sauvage, 1877
- Ophis Wagler, 1824
- Ophites Wagler, 1830
- Opisthiodon Peters, 1861
- Opisthotropis Günther, 1872
- Oreocalamus Boulenger, 1899
- Oreocryptophis Utiger, Schätti & Helfenberger, 2005
- Oreophis Dugès, 1897
- Orientocoluber Kharin, 2011
- Orthriophis Utiger, Helfenberger, Schätti, Schmidt, Ruf & Ziswiler, 2002
- Osceola Baird & Girard, 1853
- Oxybelis Wagler, 1830
- Oxycalamus Günther, 1864
- Oxyorrhos Fischer, 1879
- Oxyrhina Jan, 1862
- Oxyrhopus Wagler, 1830
- Pachyophis Werner, 1924
- Palaeomalpolon Szyndlar, 1981
- Palaeonatrix Mlynarski, Szyndlar, Estes & Sanchiz, 1982
- Paleofarancia Auffenberg, 1963
- Paleoheterodon Holman, 1964
- Paleonatrix Szyndlar, 1982
- Palusophis Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher, 2019
- Pantherophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Pappophis Macleay, 1877
- Paracoluber Holman, 1970
- Parahelicops Bourret, 1934
- Paranatrix Mahendra, 1984
- Paraoxybelis Auffenberg, 1963
- Paraphimophis Zaher, Grazziotin, Murphy, Scrocchi, Altamirano Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto, 2012
- Paraptychophis de Lema, 1967
- Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934
- Paratapinophis Angel, 1929
- Paraxenophis Georgalis, Villa, Ivanov, Vasilyan & Delfino, 2019
- Paroxyrhopus Schenkel, 1901
- Passirita Swainson, 1839
- Periergophis Georgalis, Villa, Ivanov, Vasilyan & Delfino, 2019
- Periops Wagler, 1830
- Persiophis Rajabizadeh, Pyron, Nazarov, Poyarkov, Adriaens & Herrel, 2020
- Petalognathus Duméril & Bibron, 1854
- Phalotris Cope, 1862
- Philodendros Fitzinger, 1843
- Philodryas Wagler, 1830
- Philothamnus A.Smith, 1847
- Phimophis Cope, 1860
- Phragmitophis Günther, 1862
- Phrydops Boulenger, 1905
- Phrynonax Cope, 1862
- Phyllophis Günther, 1864
- Phyllorhynchus Stejneger, 1890
- Phyllosira Cope, 1862
- Pituophis Holbrook, 1842
- Plagiopholis Boulenger, 1893
- Platyceps Blyth, 1860
- Platypteryx Duméril, 1853
- Plesiodipsas Harvey, Rivas-Fuenmayor, Portilla & Ruede-Almonacid, 2009
- Pliocercus Cope, 1860
- Pogonaspis Cope, 1894
- Pollackophis Holman, 1998
- Polyodontophis Boulenger, 1890
- Proahaetulla Mallik, 2019
- Proboscidophis Fan, 1931
- Procinura Cope, 1879
- Procteria Werner, 1924
- Proterodon Hallowell, 1860
- Psammophis Fitzinger, 1826
- Pseudagkistrodon Van Denburgh, 1909
- Pseudalsophis Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
- Pseudelaphe Mertens & Rosenberg, 1943
- Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801
- Pseudocemophora Auffenberg, 1963
- Pseudoclelia Rendahl & Vestergren, 1941
- Pseudocyclophis Böttger, 1888
- Pseudoeryx Fitzinger, 1826
- Pseudoficimia Bocourt, 1883
- Pseudoithycyphus Domergue, 1988
- Pseudoleptodeira Taylor, 1939
- Pseudopareas Boulenger, 1896
- Pseudophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Pseudorabdion Jan, 1862
- Pseudotarbophis Domergue, 1955
- Pseudotomodon Koslowsky, 1896
- Pseudoxenodon Boulenger, 1890
- Psomophis C.W.Myers & Cadle, 1994
- Ptyas Fitzinger, 1843
- Ptychophis Gomes, 1915
- Rabdion A.M.C.Duméril, 1853
- Rabdosoma Duméril, 1853
- Rachidelus Boulenger, 1908
- Rachiodon Jourdan, 1833
- Regina Baird & Girard, 1853
- Rhabdophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Rhabdops Boulenger, 1893
- Rhabdotophis Werner, 1909
- Rhachidelus Boulenger, 1908
- Rhadinaea Cope, 1863
- Rhadinea Cope, 1863
- Rhadinella H.M.Smith, 1941
- Rhadinophanes Myers & Campbell, 1981
- Rhadinophis Vogt, 1922
- Rhamnophis Günther, 1862
- Rhegnops Cope, 1866
- Rhinechis Michahelles, 1832
- Rhinobothryum Wagler, 1830
- Rhinocheilus Baird & Girard, 1853
- Rhinodryas Werner, 1903
- 茅鼻蛇属 Rhynchocalamus Günther, 1864
- Rhynchonyx Peters, 1869
- Rhynchophis Mocquard, 1897
- Rodriguesophis Zaher, Grazziotin, Murphy, Scrocchi, Altamirano Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto, 2012
- Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853
- Saphenophis Myers, 1972
- Scaphiodontophis Taylor & H.M.Smith, 1943
- Scaphiophis Peters, 1870
- Schmidtophis Taylor, 1949
- Schwartzophis Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009
- Scolecophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Scotophis Baird & Girard, 1853
- Senticolis Dowling & Fries, 1987
- 钝蛇属 Sibon Fitzinger, 1826
- Sibynomorphus Fitzinger, 1843
- 劍蛇屬 Sibynophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Simocephalus Günther, 1858
- Simophis Peters, 1860
- Sinonatrix Rossman & Eberle, 1977
- Siphlophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Sivaophis Head, 2005
- 杆蛇属 Smithophis Giri, Gower, Das, Lalremsanga, Lalronunga, Captain & Deepak, 2019
- Sonora Baird & Girard, 1853
- Sordellina Proctor, 1923
- Spalerosophis Jan, 1865
- Spaniopholis Mocquard, 1897
- Sphalerosophis Kramer & Schurrenberger, 1963
- Sphecodes Duméril, 1853
- Sphenocalamus Fischer, 1883
- Spilotes Wagler, 1830
- 铅灰蛇属 Stegonotus A.M.C.Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A.Duméril, 1854
- 纤蛇属 Stenophis Boulenger, 1896
- Stenorhabdium Werner, 1909
- Stenorrhina A.M.C.Duméril, 1853
- Stichophanes Wang, Messenger, Zhao & Zhu, 2014
- Stoliczkaia Jerdon, 1870
- Storeria Baird & Girard, 1853
- Stremmatognathus Duméril & Bibron, 1854
- Streptophorus Duméril & Bibron, 1854
- Stylophis Berg, 1901
- Styporhynchus Peters, 1863
- Sympeltophis Werner, 1925
- Symphimus Cope, 1870
- Sympholis Cope, 1862
- Synchalinus Cope
- Synophis Peracca, 1896
- Synophis bicolor Peracca, 1896
- Synophis bogerti Torres-Carvajal, Echevarría, Venegas, Chávez & Camper, 2015
- Synophis calamitus Hillis, 1990
- Synophis insulomontanus Torres-Carvajal, Echevarría, Venegas, Chávez & Camper, 2015
- Synophis lasallei (Nicéforo-Maria, 1950)
- Synophis niceforomariae Pyron, Arteaga, Echevarría & Torres-Carvajal, 2016[7]
- Synophis plectovertebralis Sheil & Grant, 2001
- Synophis zaheri Pyron, Guayasamin, Peñafiel, Bustamante & Arteaga, 2015
- Synophis zamora Torres-Carvajal, Echevarría, Venegas, Chávez & Camper, 2015
- Tachymenis Wiegmann, 1835
- Tachynectes Fitzinger, 1843
- Tachyplotus Reinhardt, 1866
- Taeniophallus Cope, 1895
- Taeniophis Girard, 1854
- Tantalophis Duellman, 1958
- Tantilla Baird & Girard, 1853
- Tantillita H.M.Smith, 1941
- Taphrometopon Brandt, 1838
- Tapinophis Boulenger, 1899
- Tarbophis Fleischmann, 1831
- Tauntonophis Parmley & Walker, 2003
- Teleolepis Cope, 1869
- Telescopus Wagler, 1830
- Tetragonosoma Günther, 1858
- Tetralepis Boettger, 1892
- Texasophis Holman, 1977
- Thamnodynastes Wagler, 1830
- 束带蛇属 Thamnophis Fitzinger, 1843
- 非洲藤蛇属 Thelotornis A.Smith, 1849
- Thermophis Malnate, 1953
- Thrasops Hallowell, 1857
- 銳齒蛇屬 Tomodon Duméril, 1853
- 毒树蛇属 Toxicodryas Hallowell, 1857
- 坭蛇屬 Trachischium Günther, 1853
- Trachyophis Werner, 1925
- Tragops Wagler, 1830
- Tretanorhinus A.M.C.Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A.Duméril, 1854
- Triglyphodon Duméril, 1853
- Trigonocephalus Oppel, 1811
- Trigonurus Duméril, 1853
- 环游蛇属 Trimerodytes Cope, 1895
- Trimerorhinus Smith, 1847
- Trimetopon Cope, 1885
- 琴蛇屬 Trimorphodon Cope, 1861
- Trirhinopholis Boulenger, 1893
- 线蛇属 Tropidoclonion Cope, 1860
- 龙谒蛇属 Tropidodipsas Günther, 1858
- Tropidodryas Fitzinger, 1843
- Tropidonophis Jan, 1863
- Tropidonotus Kuhl, 1826
- Typhlocalamus Günther, 1872
- Typhlogeophis Günther, 1879
- Tyria Fitzinger, 1826
- Ulupe Blanford, 1878
- Uromacer A.M.C.Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A.Duméril, 1854
- Uromacerina Amaral, 1929
- Uromacerina Hedges & Vidal
- Urotheca Bibron, 1843
- Virginia Baird & Girard, 1853
- Wallaceophis Mirza, Vyas, Patel, Maheta & Sanap, 2016
- Wallophis Werner, 1929
- 'Wallophis brachyura (Günther, 1866)[8]
- Wernerodakaria Strand, 1928
- Xenelaphis Günther, 1864
- Xenochrophis Günther, 1864
- 异齿蛇属 Xenodon Boie, 1826
- Xenopholis Peters, 1869
- Xenoxybelis Machado, 1993
- Xenurophis Günther, 1863
- Xyelodontophis Broadley & Wallach, 2002
- Zacholus Wagler, 1830
- Zamenis Wagler, 1830
- Zamenophis Günther, 1872
- 烏梢蛇屬 Zaocys Cope, 1860
- Zapyrus Günther, 1864
- Zelceophis Szyndlar, 1984
- Zilantophis Jasinski & Moscato, 2017
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Kai, Wang; Jinlong, Ren; Hongman, Chen; Zhitong, Lyu; Xianguang, Guo; Ke, Jiang; Jinmin, Chen; Jiatang, Li; Peng, Guo; Yingyong, Wang; Jing, Che. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science. 2020-02-20, 28 (2) [2022-06-29]. ISSN 1005-0094. doi:10.17520/biods.2019238. （原始内容存档于2022-04-20） （英语）.
- ^ Daniella França, Fausto E. Barbo, Nelson J. Silva-Júnior, Helder L. R. Silva and Hussam Zaher. 2018. A New Species of Apostolepis (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Elapomorphini) from the Cerrado of Central Brazil. Zootaxa. 4521(4); 438–552. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.3
- ^ Luis M. Díaz, Ansel Fong G., Diego Salas and S. Blair Hedges. 2021. A New Semifossorial Snake of the Genus Arrhyton (Squamata: Dipsadidae) from eastern Cuba, with Taxonomic Comments on other Species. Zootaxa. 5052(3); 406-418. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.6
- ^ Jonathan A. Campbell, Eric N. Smith and Alexander S. Hall. 2018. Caudals and Calyces: The Curious Case of a Consumed Chiapan Colubroid. Journal of Herpetology. 52(4); 459-472. DOI: 10.1670/18-042
- ^ Torres-Carvajal O, Yánez-Muñoz MH, Quirola D, Smith EN, Almendáriz A. 2012. A new species of blunt-headed vine snake (Colubridae, Imantodes) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. ZooKeys 244: 91. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.244.3950
- ^ Vogel, G. and Han-Yuem, H.K. 2010. Death feigning behavior in three colubrid species of tropical Asia. Russian Journal of Herpetology. 17 (1): 15–21.
- ^ Pyron, R. A., Alejandro Arteaga, Lourdes Y. Echevarria and Omar Torres-Carvajal. 2016. A Revision and Key for the Tribe Diaphorolepidini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) and Checklist for the Genus Synophis. Zootaxa. 4171(2); 293–320. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.4
- ^ Zeeshan A. Mirza and Harshil Patel. 2017. Back from the Dead! Resurrection and Revalidation of the Indian Endemic Snake genus Wallophis Werner, 1929 (Squamata: Colubridae) insights from Molecular Data. Mitochondrial DNA Part A. DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1278536
