黄嘌呤(英語:xanthine)是一種廣泛分佈於人體及其他生物體的器官及體液中的一種嘌呤鹼,常用作温和的兴奋剂和支气管扩张剂,特别用于治疗哮喘症状。咖啡因、茶碱及可可碱(主要在巧克力中发现)等常見的溫和興奮劑均由黄嘌呤衍生出來。[1][2][3][4]
黄嘌呤也是嘌呤代謝後的产物,并会在黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用下转换为尿酸,有時累積過度會在某些人群中造成痛風的症狀。
黄嘌呤是嘌呤衍生物,并且很少在核酸的成分中发现。
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