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DeutschCD19 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
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B淋巴細胞抗原CD19（B-lymphocyte antigen CD19），也稱為CD19分子（Cluster of Differentiation 19），B淋巴細胞表面抗原B4、T細胞表面抗原Leu-12和CVID3是一種跨膜蛋白，在人體中由基因CD19編碼[5][6]，該蛋白存在於人體中所有B譜系細胞的表面[7][8]，包含漿細胞確實表達CD19。[9][10] CD19在人類B細胞中起著兩個主要作用：一方面，它可以做為信號轉導接頭蛋白，接收細胞質內的訊息傳遞分子；另一方面，它在CD19/CD21複合體內工作，降低B細胞受體信號通路的閾值。由於其在所有B細胞上的存在，它是B淋巴細胞發育、淋巴瘤診斷的生物標記，並且可以作為白血病免疫治療的靶點[8]。
結構
[编辑]在人類體內，CD19蛋白轉譯自「CD19」基因。該基因位於第16號染色體短臂上，長約7.41kb[11][12]。該基因包含至少15個外顯子，其中4個外顯子轉譯為該蛋白的胞外結構，9個外顯子轉譯為細胞質結構，總共包含556個氨基酸[12]。實驗顯示存在多種mRNA轉錄物，但只有其中兩個在體內發現[11]。
CD19是一種95 kDa 免疫球蛋白超家族中的I型跨膜糖蛋白（IgSF），具有兩個細胞外C2型Ig樣結構域，和一條存在於細胞質部分的多肽尾端。該肽鏈由240個氨基酸所構成，相對胞外結構域較大，在哺乳動物物種演化中高度保守[11][13][14]。細胞外C2型Ig樣結構域由一個潛在的二硫鍵非Ig樣結構域和N-鏈糖基化位點分隔。[14][15] 細胞質尾部含有至少9個酪氨酸殘基，接近C端[11][14] 在這些殘基中，Y391、Y482和Y513對CD19的生物功能至關重要。[16]。Y482和Y513位點的苯丙氨酸替代導致其他酪氨酸的磷酸化受阻[11][17]。
表達
[编辑]CD19存在於自原始B細胞（Progenitor B cell）後期以後的各階段，包括漿細胞。當造血幹細胞開始往在B細胞譜系開始發育時，其免疫球蛋白（Ig）基因會開始進行基因重組，同時細胞表面開始出現CD19的表面標記[8]。在發育過程中，CD19的表面密度受到高度調控[11]，成熟B細胞的CD19表達量會增加為未成熟B細胞的三倍[11]，但到發育為將細胞後又會逐漸下降[18]。B細胞譜系的惡性腫瘤也會有CD19的表達[7][17]，也因為CD19廣泛存在於大多數的B細胞，因此可以作為B細胞的表面標記，也是B細胞惡性腫瘤的治療標靶[8][11]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000177455 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030724 - Ensembl, May 2017
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外部链接
[编辑]- Mouse CD Antigen Chart （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Human CD Antigen Chart （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Human CD19 genome location and CD19 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
延伸閱讀
[编辑]- Goldsby, Richard A.; Kindt, Thomas J.; Osborne, Barbara A. Kuby Immunology. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7167-8590-3.
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