Bilahari

Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style tambura
Concepts
Śruti Svara Rāga Tāḷa Mēḷakarta Asaṃpūrṇa Mēḷakarta
Compositions
Gītaṃ Svarajati Varṇaṃ Kr̥ti Kīrtana Rāgaṃ Tānaṃ Pallavi Tillana
Instruments
Melody Sarasvati Vīṇā Veṇu Nādasvaraṃ Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā) Violin Percussion Mr̥daṅgaṃ Ghaṭaṃ Morsing Kanjira Thavil Drone Tambura Shruti box
Composers Glossary
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Bilahari is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 29th melakarta scale Sankarabharanam. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the sampurna raga scale Sankarabharanam.^[1]

Bilahari is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain madhyamam or nishādham in the ascending scale. It is an audava-sampurna rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).^[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

• ārohaṇa : S R₂ G₃ P D₂ Ṡ^[a] they are used in every song

• avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₃ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S^[b]

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandhara, panchamam and chathusruthi dhaivatham in ascending scale, with kakali nishadham and shuddha madhyamam included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

This rāgam also uses kaishiki nishadham (N2) as an external note (anya swara) in the descending scale. Hence it is considered a bhashanga rāgam, a scale with notes external to the parent scale.^[1][2]

There are many compositions set to Bilahari rāgam. Here are some popular kritis composed in Bilahari.

• Shri Madurapuri Niharini By Muthuswami Dikshitar
• Sharanu Janakana By Purandara Dasa
• Belagu Javadi Baro By Vadiraja Tirtha
• Lakshmi Shobhane By Vadiraja Tirtha. This is one of the greatest literary works of Vadiraja Tirtha with 112 Charanas and the longest composition known by a carnatic composer
• Hanumana Maneyavaru by Vidyaprasanna teertha in Kannada
• Na jeevadhara, Dorakuna ituvanti and Kanukontini composed by Tyagaraja
• Sri Balasubramanya, Kamakshi Sri Varalakshmi by Muthuswami Dikshitar
• Smara Sada, Aaradhayami, Gopalam Seveham, Pahi Padmanabha, Jaya Suganalaya, Pahi Sarasanabha, Santhatham Bhajami and Vimukhava Tava by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
• Parithana michite by Patnam Subramania Iyer
• Sri Chamundeshwari by Mysore Vasudevacharya
• Anaamilo mahaboob is a Khayal in Hindi by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
• Puraya Mama Kamam is a Tharangam by Narayana Teertha
• Raa ra venu Gopa Bala a famous Swarajathi was composed in Bilahari
• Rabindranath Tagore has composed Ami Marer Sagor Pari Debo In Raga Bilahari.
• Intha Chouka is a varnam composed by Veenai Kuppaiyer
• Maa Mayura a Tamil Kriti composed by Mazhavai Chidambara Bharathi

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

• Mohanam has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the ascending scale of Bilahari. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
• Mohanakalyani is a rāgam which has the prati madhyamam in descending scale (descending scale of Kalyani) in place of the shuddha madhyamam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M2 G3 R2 S
• Garudadhvani is a rāgam which has the ascending and descending scales interchanged, in comparison with Bilahari. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S

Desakshi is a raga which is similar to Bilahari. The arohana remains the same, while the sampoorna avarohana has Kaishiki Nishada in place of Kakali Nishada.