Dhanyasi

Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style tambura
Concepts
Śruti Svara Rāga Tāḷa Mēḷakarta Asaṃpūrṇa Mēḷakarta
Compositions
Gītaṃ Svarajati Varṇaṃ Kr̥ti Kīrtana Rāgaṃ Tānaṃ Pallavi Tillana
Instruments
Melody Sarasvati Vīṇā Veṇu Nādasvaraṃ Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā) Violin Percussion Mr̥daṅgaṃ Ghaṭaṃ Morsing Kanjira Thavil Drone Tambura Shruti box
Composers Glossary
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Dhanyasi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 8th melakarta scale Hanumatodi. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Shuddha Dhanyasi and the sampurna raga scale Hanumatodi.^[1]

This is the common and popular scale and is used for portraying the bhakthi rasa.^[1] According to the Muthuswami Dikshitar school, Dhanyasi is derived from Nariritigaula melakarta scale, instead of Hanumatodi scale, but nevertheless includes only shuddha rishabham.^[2]

Dhanyasi is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain rishabham or dhaivatam in the ascending scale. It is an audava-sampurna rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).^[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

• ārohaṇa : S G₂ M₁ P N₂ Ṡ^[a]
• avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₂ R₁ S^[b]

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam and kaishiki nishadham in ascending scale, with shuddha dhaivatam and shuddha rishabham included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

The rāgam used by Dikshitar school of music uses chathusruti rishabham (R2) in the descending scale, in place of shuddha rishabham (R1), bringing it under the 20th melakarta Natabhairavi.^[2]

There are many compositions set to Dhanyasi rāgam.

• Sangeeta gnanamu, Ramabhirama Manasu and Nee chitthamu composed by Tyagaraja
• Kalayami sriramam by Swati Tirunal
• Chudamanikanda by Arunachala Kavi
• Nammina varini by Bhadrachala Ramadas
• Dasara nindisabeda by Purandara Dasa
• Vani arul purivai and Balakrishnan padamalar by Papanasam Sivan
• Sri Ranganathaya namasthe and Mayuranatham anisham by Muthuswamy Dikshitar
• Meenalochana brova by Shyama Sastri
• Ye maguva – Padhavarnam by Mysore Sadasivarayar

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Salaga Bhairavi can be derived from Dhanyasi when sung from Nishadam to Nishadam.

• Udayaravichandrika, also known as Shuddha Dhanyasi has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the ascending scale of Dhanyasi. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S G2 M1 P N2 S : S N2 P M1 G2 S
• Dhanyasi scale as per Dikshitar school uses shuddha rishabham in descending scale but is classified as a 20th melakartha janya ragam by Venkatamakhi. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S G2 M1 P N2 S : S N2 D1 P M1 G2 R1 S