Naṭabhairavi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 20th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. It corresponds to the Natural minor scale (alias Aeolian mode ) of western music system.
Natabhairavi corresponds to the Asavari thaat of Hindustani music .[ 1] [ 2] In the Muthuswami Dikshitar school this melakarta is instead known as Nārīrītigowla .[ 3] Natabhairavi is known to be a rāgam that incites feelings of grandeur and devotion in the listeners.
Structure and Lakshana [ edit ] Natabhairavi scale with shadjam at C It is the 2nd rāgam in the 4th chakra Veda . The mnemonic name is Veda-Sri . The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gi ma pa dha ni .[ 1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on the notations used):
(this scale uses the notes chatushruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha daivatam, kaishiki nishadam )
It is a sampoorna rāgam - rāgam having all 7 swarams . It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Shanmukhapriya , which is the 56th melakarta .
Asampurna Melakarta [ edit ] Nārīrītigowla is the 20th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin . The notes used in the scale are the same, but the scales have vakra prayoga (zig-zag usage of notes in the ascending and descending scale).[ 3]
Natabhairavi has a number of popular janya rāgams (derived scales) such as Bhairavi ,Nagagandhari ,Saramati , Jaunpuri , Hindolam (sometimes Hindolam is also associated as a Janya of Hanumatodi ), Darbari Kanada and Jayanthasree . See List of janya rāgams for a full list of Natabhairavi's janya rāgams.
Popular compositions [ edit ] śrī vallī devasenā pate is a popular composition in Natabhairavi , composed by Papanasam Sivan . Parulaseva by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar is another well known composition in this rāgam. Upacharamu jeseva , in janya ragam Bhairavi composed by Thyagaraja is also popular.
Muthuswami Dikshitar 's composition śrī nīlotpalanāyike is set to Nārīrītigowla .
Song Movie Composer Singer Unai Allaal Oru Raja Mukthi C. R. Subbaraman M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar Vinnodum Mugilodum Pudhaiyal Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy C. S. Jayaraman , P. Suseela Mayakkamma Kalakama Sumaithaangi P. B. Sreenivas Nilavukku Enmel Ennadi Kobam Policekaran Magal Anubhavam Pudhumai Kadhalikka Neramillai P. B. Sreenivas , P. Susheela Unaku Matum Unaku Matum Manapanthal P. Suseela Ninaikka Therindha Anandha Jodhi Ammamma Aadai Vennira Aadai Chittu Kuruvi Puthiya Paravai Thendral Varum Palum Pazhamum Paalum Pazhamum T. M. Soundararajan Naan Aanaiyitaal Enga Veettu Pillai Koduthellam Koduthaan Padagotti Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga Paasam Engalukum Kaalam Varum Pasamalar T. M. Soundararajan , P. Susheela Varathiruparoo(Kuththu Vilakkeria) Pachhai Vilakku Poojaiku Vandha Malare Paadha Kaanikkai P. B. Sreenivas , S. Janaki Podhigai Malai Uchiyiley Thiruvilaiyadal K. V. Mahadevan Ondru Serndha Anbu Makkalai Petra Magarasi P. B. Sreenivas ,Sarojini Poonthenil Kalanthu Enippadigal S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , P. Susheela Oru Kodiyil Iru Malargal Kaanchi Thalaivan T. M. Soundararajan , P. Suseela Mayakkamenna Vasantha Maligai Naan Paarthadhile Anbe Vaa M. S. Viswanathan Oruvar Meethu Ninaithadhai Mudippavan Budhan Yesu Gandhi Chandhrodhayam T. M. Soundararajan Kadavul Thantha Iru Malargal P. Suseela , L. R. Eswari Kaadhalin Pon Veedhiyil Pookkari T. M. Soundararajan , S. Janaki Anbumalargale Naalai Namadhe T. M. Soundararajan , S. P. Balasubrahmanyam Kaatrukenna Velli Avargal S. Janaki Kannan Manam Enna Vasantha Raagam Dheivam Thantha Veedu Aval Oru Thodar Kathai K. J. Yesudas Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae Moodu Pani Ilaiyaraaja Aarariroo Thaaiku Oru Thaalaattu Neramithu Neramithu Rishi Moolam T. M. Soundararajan , P. Susheela Putham Pudhu Kaalai Alaigal Oivathillai S. Janaki Kannan Vanthu Rettai Vaal Kuruvi Manthira Punnagaiyo Manthira Punnagai Ooru Sanam Thoongiruchu Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu Raasave Unnai Vida Aranmanai Kili Adi Poonguyile Mano , Minmini Ilampani Thuli Vizhum Neram Aaradhanai(1981 Movie) Manjula Gururaj Kadavul Ullame Anbulla Rajinikanth Latha Rajinikanth & Chorus Pesa koodathu Adutha Varisu S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , P. Susheela Rasathi Unnai Vaidehi Kathirunthal P. Jayachandran En Jeevan Paduthu Neethana Andha Kuyil K. J. Yesudas (ver 1)S. Janaki (ver 2) Panivizhum Iravu Mouna Ragam S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , S. Janaki Sokkanukku Vaacha Kaaval Geetham Pattu Onna Kumbakarai Thangaiah Muthumani Muthumani Adharmam Sangeetha Megam Udaya Geetham S. P. Balasubrahmanyam Antha Nilava Thaan Muthal Mariyathai Ilaiyaraaja , K. S. Chitra Vetti Veru Vasam Malaysia Vasudevan , S. Janaki Aatthu Mettuley Gramathu Athiyayam Poombaaraiyil Pottu Vaicha En Uyir Kannamma Ilaiyaraaja O Butterfly Meera S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Asha Bhosle Andhi Mazhai Megam Nayakan T. L. Maharajan , P. Susheela Sorgathin Vasapadi Unnai Solli Kutramillai K. J. Yesudas , K. S. Chithra Oru Kiliyin Poovizhi Vasalile Aasayilae Paathikati Enga Ooru Kavalkaran P. Susheela , Mano (Pathos only) Ival Oru Ilanguruvi(version 1), Engiruntho (version 2)
Bramma S. Janaki (version 1), S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (version 2) Maniyae Manikuyilae Nadodi Thendral Mano , S. Janaki Kadhorum Lolakku(Asaveri Ragam) Chinna Mapillai Malaikovil Vasaliley(Asaveri Ragam) Veera Mano , Swarnalatha Sollividu Velli Nilave Amaidhi Padai Vetri Vetri(Asaveri Ragam) Kattumarakaran S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , K. S. Chithra Irandum Ondrodu Panakkaran Aasaiya Kathula Johnny S. P. Sailaja En Vaanilae Jency Kaalai Nera Raagamey Raasave Unnai Nambi K. S. Chithra Thenmadurai Vaigai Nadhi Dharmathin Thalaivan S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Malaysia Vasudevan , P. Susheela Vaasakari Veppilaiye Sirayil Pootha Chinna Malar Arunmozhi , S. Janaki Muthirai Eppodhu Uzhaippali S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Kavita Krishnamurthy Suttum Sudar Vizhi Siraichalai M. G. Sreekumar , K. S. Chithra , Chorus Malliga Mottu Sakthivel Arunmozhi , Swarnalatha Nee Partha Hey Ram Hariharan , Asha Bhosle Antha Naal Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam Vijay Yesudas , Shreya Ghoshal Endha Pennilum Captain Magal Hamsalekha S. P. Balasubrahmanyam Minnalae May Maadham A. R. Rahman Chandralekha Thiruda Thiruda Annupamaa , Suresh Peters Kadhal Sadugudu Alaipayuthey S. P. B. Charan , Naveen Porkalam Ange Thenali Srinivas , Gopika Poornima New York Nagaram Sillunu Oru Kaadhal A. R. Rahman Thalli Pogathey Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada Sid Sriram , Dinesh Kanagaratnam , Aparna Narayanan Naan Un Alaginile 24 Arijit Singh , Chinmayi Vennilavin Theril Duet K. J. Yesudas Chinna Thangam Cheran Pandiyan Soundaryan Yen Ooru Madurapakkam Vaasalile Oru Vennila Deva Othayadi Paadhayile Aatha Un Koyilile S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Jikki Chinna Chinna Senthoorapandi Mano , Swarnalatha Sembaruthi Sembaruthi Vasanthakala Paravai S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , S. Janaki Oodha Oodha Minsara Kanna Hariharan ,Harini Malargale Itho Itho Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai (1982) Shankar–Ganesh S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , S. P. Sailaja Pattuvana Rosavam Kanni Paruvathile Malaysia Vasudevan , S. Janaki Kadhal Vaibhogame Suvarilladha Chiththirangal Gangai Amaran Neeradi Vaa Thenrale Mangai Oru Gangai Laxmikant–Pyarelal S. Janaki ,Dinesh,Chorus Valarum Valarum Nilavu Paasamalargal V. S. Narasimhan S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Sujatha Mohan Ullam Ullam Inbathil Kadhal Enum Nadhiyinile Manoj–Gyan P. Jayachandran , K. S. Chithra Athi Kaalai Kaatre Nillu Thalaivasal Bala Bharathi S. Janaki & chorus Enakoru Snegidhi (Ragam Shivaranjani in charanam)
Priyamaanavale S. A. Rajkumar Hariharan , Mahalakshmi Iyer Paarthu Paarthu Kangal Nee Varuvai Ena S.P.Balasubrahmanyam (Male Version), K. S. Chithra (Female Version) Oru Devathai Vanthu Vittaal Hariharan (Male Vers.),K. S. Chithra (Female Vers.) Marutha Azhagaro Sundara Purushan Sirpy K. S. Chithra Kotta Paakkum Nattamai Mano , S. Janaki Pudhu Uravu Nila Pennae Vidyasagar K. J. Yesudas , P. Susheela Nilave Nilave Nilaave Vaa Vijay , Anuradha Sriram Anbe Sivam Anbe Sivam Kamal Haasan , Karthik Unnai Paartha Kaadhal Mannan Bharadwaj S. P. Balasubrahmanyam Vaseegara Minnale Harris Jayaraj Bombay Jayashree Vaigasi Nilavae Unnale Unnale Haricharan , Madhushree Vaarayo Vaarayo Aadhavan P. Unnikrishnan , Chinmayi , Megha Mun Paniyaa Nandha Yuvan Shankar Raja S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Malgudi Subha Malargale Malara Vendam Pudhukottaiyilirundhu Saravanan Bombay Jayashri Thuli Thuli Mazhaiyai Paiyaa Haricharan , Tanvi Shah Irava Pagala Poovellam Kettuppar Hariharan , Sujatha Mohan Nilave Nilave Saregama Periyanna Bharani Thirudiya Idhayathai Thiruppi Paarvai Ondre Podhume Harish Raghavendra , K. S. Chithra Kadavul Thanda Maayavi Devi Sri Prasad Kalpana , S. P. B. Charan Akkam Pakkam Kireedam G. V. Prakash Kumar Sadhana Sargam Kaathodu Kaathanen Jail Dhanush , Aditi Rao Hydari Oru Killi Oru Killi Leelai Satish Chakravarthy Shreya Ghoshal , Satish Chakravarthy Jilendru Oru Kalavaram Satish Chakravarthy Nee Paartha Vizhigal 3 Anirudh Ravichander Vijay Yesudas , Shweta Mohan Kanave Kanave David Anirudh Ravichander So Baby Doctor Anirudh Ravichander ,Ananthakrrishnan Kaathalae Kaathalae '96 Govind Vasantha Chinmayi , Kalyani Menon , Govind Vasantha
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Natabhairavi's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam , yields 5 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Kalyani , Sankarabharanam , Hanumatodi , Kharaharapriya and Harikambhoji . For further details and an illustration of Graha bhedam of this rāgam refer Graha bhedam on Sankarabharanam .
Even though Natabhairavi has quite evenly spaced swara sthanas (pitch positions, notes) like the other 5 in this group, it has not found as much importance in concerts. One is likely to find Kalyani , Todi , Sankarabharanam and Karaharapriya as the main ragam in concerts, more often than Natabhairavi by a big count.
Except for madhyamam, all other swara prayoga(usage in practice) resemble Shanmukhapriya . Especially, when one uses the notes from panchamam(P) to gandharam(G₂) in ārohaṇa and vice versa in Avarohana, this ragam can be easily confused to be Shanmukhapriya while actually.
^ Alternate notations:Hindustani: S R G̱ M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ Western: C D E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C ^ Alternate notations:Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M G̱ R S Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E♭ D C ^ Alternate notations:Hindustani: S G̱ R G̱ M Ṉ Ḏ M Ṉ Ṉ Ṡ Western: C E♭ D E♭ F B♭ A♭ F B♭ B♭ C ^ Alternate notations:Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G̱ M P M G̱ R S Western: C B♭ A♭ F E♭ F G F E♭ D C ^ a b Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications ^ Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras ^ a b Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai
Shuddha Madhyama Ragas
Indu chakraNetra chakra Agni chakra Veda chakra Bana chakra Ritu chakra
Prati Madhyama Ragas