Last European veterans by war

This is an incomplete list of the last surviving European veterans of several wars. The last surviving veteran of any particular war, upon his death, marks the end of a historic era. Exactly who is the last surviving veteran is often an issue of contention, especially with records from wars which happened long ago. The "last man standing" was often very young at the time of enlistment and in many cases had lied about his age to gain entry into the service, which confuses matters further.

Early modern period

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These cases, particularly with respect to the ages claimed by the veterans, cannot be verified.

17th century

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English Civil War (1642–51)

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18th century

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Great Northern War (1700–21)

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War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14)

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Jacobite risings (1719–45)

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War of the Polish Succession (1733-35)

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Russo-Turkish wars (1735–74)

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War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48)

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  • Johann Georg Sauer (1713-1819) - Dutch Republic. Also served in the Revolutionary Wars.
  • Jean Thurel (1698–1807) – France. Also served in the War of the Polish Succession, Seven Years' War, and the American Revolutionary War. Known as "the oldest soldier of Europe."[15]

Seven Years' War (1754–63)

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French Revolution (1789–99)

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19th century

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Napoleonic Wars (1803–15)

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  • Vincent Markiewicz (1795?–1903) – France. Last Polish veteran. Fought for Napoleon.[24] In 1912 there were three Polish men who claimed to have fought at Borodino, but it is unlikely they were real veterans due to lack of documentation and age ranges relatively high from 120 to 133.
  • August Friedrich Schmidt (1795–1899) - Prussia. Last German veteran. Enlisted in March 1813 and is a candidate for last veteran of the Battle of Waterloo.[25]
  • Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (1788–1899) – France. Last Dutch veteran and verified veteran. Europe's oldest man at the time of his death. He fought for Napoleon in the 33ème Régiment Léger.[20]
  • Louis-Victor Baillot (1793–1898) – France. Last French veteran of the Battle of Waterloo. Also saw action at siege of Hamburg.[26][27]
  • Henry James (1799–1898) – United Kingdom. Last Royal Navy veteran. Enlisted in 1812 and served on HMS Pompee. Saw action off Toulon.[28][29]
  • Lars Jespersen Kike (1796–1897) – Norway. Last Norwegian veteran of the Swedish-Norwegian War.[30][31]
  • Leonard Meesters (1796–1896) – France. Last Belgian veteran. Fought for Napoleon.[20]
  • Josephine Mazurkewicz (1794–1896) – France. Last female veteran. Assistant surgeon in Napoleon's army. Later partook in Crimean War.[20]
  • Ferdinand Scharnhorst (1797?–1893) – United Kingdom. Last British Army participant of Waterloo. Served in the King's German Legion.[32][33]
  • Gaspar Costela Vasquez (1787–1892) – Spain. Last veteran of the Battle of Trafalgar. Served in the navy aboard Spanish ship Santa Ana.[34][35][36]
  • Vasilij Nikolaevich Kochetkov (1785?–1892) – Russia. Enlisted 7 March 1811. Served in Grenadier Lifeguard Regiment at Borodino. Served 66 1/2 years until 12 October 1877 when wounded out of service in the Russian-Ottoman War.[37]
  • Joseph Sutherland (1789–1890) – United Kingdom. Served in the Royal Navy on HMS Beaulieu and was the last British survivor of Trafalgar.[38]
  • Wilhelm I, German Emperor (1797–1888) – Prussia. Served as an officer during the Battle of Bar-sur-Aube and at the Battle of Paris.[39]

War of 1812 (1812–15)

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Greek War of Independence (1821–32)

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July Revolution (1830)

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Belgian Revolution (1830–31)

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First Opium War (1839–1842)

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Hungarian Revolution of 1848

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  • József Fischl (1827–1929) — Hungary. Served at Isaszeg and Segesvár.[58]
  • István Lebo (1826–1928) — Hungary. Last resident of the Hungarian Veterans Home.[58]
  • Artúr Görgey (1818–1916) — Hungary. Last Hungarian General.

Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49)

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First Schleswig War (1848–51)

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Crimean War (1853–56)

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Indian Mutiny (1857–59)

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  • Charles Palmer (1847–1940) — British Empire. Nine-year-old boy who participated in the Siege of Lucknow.
  • George Chrystie (1841–1939) — British Empire. Last British Army veteran.[68][69]

Second Italian War of Independence (1859)

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American Civil War (1861–1865)

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French invasion of Mexico (1861–67)

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January Uprising (1863–65)

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  • Feliks Bartczuk (1846–1946) – Poland.[81]
  • Antoni Suss (1844–1946) – Poland. Penultimate veteran.[82]

Second Schleswig War (1864)

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  • Ludwig Herman Klein (1846–1943) – Denmark. Last Naval veteran. Served on the Geiser.[83]
  • Ove Henning Jacobsen (1841–1941) – Denmark. Last Army veteran. Fought at Dybbøl.[84]

Expedition to Abyssinia (1867–68)

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Franco-Prussian War (1870–71)

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Paris Commune (1871)

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  • Adrien Lejeune (1847–1942) – Communards. Last Communard.[86][20]
  • Antonin Desfarges (1851–1941) – Communards. Last député.[20]
  • Eugène François Louis Liné (1850–1940) – France.[87]

Third Anglo-Ashanti War (1873–74)

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Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)

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Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80)

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  • Alfred Hawker (1858–1962) – British Empire. Served in the British Army.[90]

Zulu War (1879)

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  • Harry Figg (1855–1953) – British Empire.
  • Charles Wallace Warden (c.1854–1953) – British Empire. Transferred to First Foot in 1874.[91]
  • Frank Bourne (1854–1945) – British Empire. Last survivor of Rorke's Drift.

First Boer War (1880–81)

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  • Harry Figg (1855–1953) – British Empire. Fought at Majuba Hill and Laing's Nek. Previously served in the 1873 Ashanti War and the Anglo-Zulu War.

Anglo-Egyptian War (1882)

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  • Albert Canning (1861–1960) – British Empire. Served in the 19th Hussars. Also served in the Mahdist War and World War I.[92]

Mahdist War (1882–99)

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  • James Richard Miles (1879–1977) – British Empire. Last British Army veteran of the Battle of Omdurman.[93]

Spanish–American War (1898)

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  • Aurelio Diaz Campillo (1878–1989) – Spain. Served in the Army.[94][95]
  • Emilio Fabregat Fabregat (1878–1960) – Spain. Last survivor of the Siege of Baler.[96]

20th century

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Second Boer War (1899–1902)

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Russo-Japanese War (1904–05)

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  • Alex Gory (1881–1989) – Russian Empire.[98]

Macedonian Struggle (1904–08)

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  • Christos Papantoniou (1890–1995) – Greece.[99]

Potemkin Mutiny (1905)

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Italo-Turkish War (1911–12)

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  • Michele Traini (1892–1996) – Italy. Sent to Libya in 1912. Returned home following WWI.[101][102]

Balkan Wars (1912–13)

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World War I (1914–18)

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Main article: List of last surviving World War I veterans by country

Easter Rising (1916)

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October Revolution (1917)

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Russian Civil War (1917–22)

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Russian participants:

European veterans of Allied Intervention:

Finnish Civil War (1918)

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Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919)

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German Revolution of 1918–19

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Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–19)

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Estonian War of Independence (1918–20)

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Latvian War of Independence (1918–20)

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Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–20)

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Irish War of Independence (1919–21)

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Polish–Soviet War (1918–19)

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Silesian Uprisings (1919–21)

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Turkish War of Independence (1919–23)

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Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)

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  • Veysel Turan (1901–2007) – Turkey.
  • Napoleon Patricios (1899–2006) – Greece. Served on board the destroyer Ierax.[151]

Rif War (1920–1926)

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March on Rome (1922)

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Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

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1936 Naval Revolt

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  • José Júnior Barata (1916–2014) – Portuguese Navy rebels.[156][157]

World War II (1939–45)

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Main article: List of last surviving World War II veterans

Korean War (1950–53)

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See also

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References

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