List of sovereign states in the 1920s
This is a list of sovereign states in the 1920s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1920 and 31 December 1929. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 90 widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
Sovereign states
[edit]Name and capital city | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty | |
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A[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Sukhumi | Recognized independent state. It was subordinate to the Georgian SSR from December 16, 1921.[a] | |
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![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Kabul
| Reign of Amanullah Khan, Inayatullah Khan, and Mohammed Nadir Shah: Widely-recognized independent state. Reign of Habibullāh Kalakāni,[4] Ali Ahmad Khan and Abd-al Karim: Not recognized by any state. | |
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![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Tirana
| Widely-recognized independent state. De facto Italian protectorate to August 2, 1920. LON member state from December 17, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Andorra La Vella | Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Buenos Aires | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Yerevan
| Widely-recognized independent state. Became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR from March 12, 1922. | |
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![]() Capital: Sabya | Widely-recognized independent state. Vassal state of Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd from October 21, 1926. | |
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![]() Capital: Abha | Widely-recognized independent state. Partitioned between Sultanate of Nejd and Idrisid Emirate of Asir from August 30, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Aussa | Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Melbourne (to 9 May, 1927), Canberra (from 9 May, 1927) | Widely-recognized independent state after 15 November, 1926. LON founding member state from 10 January, 1920. Australia had two external territories: Australia administered two League of Nations mandates:
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![]() Capital: Vienna | Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from December 15, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Baku
| Widely-recognized independent state. Became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR from March 12, 1922. Azerbaijan had one protectorate:
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B[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Brussels | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. Belgium had sovereignty over one colony and one concession:
Belgium administered one League of Nations mandate:
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![]() Capital: Sucre
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Rio de Janeiro | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920; withdrew in June 14, 1926. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[b] | |
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![]() Capital: Sofia | Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from December 16, 1920. | |
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C[edit] | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Ottawa | Widely-recognized independent state after November 15, 1926. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Santiago
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Bogotá | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: San José | Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from December 16, 1920; withdrew in January 22, 1925. | |
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![]() Capital: Havana | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Prague
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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D[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Danzig | Widely-recognized independent. Under League of Nations protection. | |
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![]() Capital: Copenhagen | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Santo Domingo | Widely-recognized independent state under United States military occupation to 18 September 1924. LON member state from September 28, 1924. | |
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E[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Quito
| Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Cairo | Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: San Salvador | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Tallinn | Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from September 22, 1921. | |
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![]() Capital: Addis Ababa | Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from September 28, 1923. | |
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F[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Helsinki | Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from December 16, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Fiume | Widely-recognized independent. Annexed by Italy from February 22, 1924. | |
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![]() Capital: Paris | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. France administered the foreign affairs of the following protectorates:
France administered the following League of Nations mandates:
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G[edit] | ||
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![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Tiflis
| Widely-recognized independent state. Georgian SSR had one autonomous republic (from July 16, 1921): Adjarian ASSR. Became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR from March 12, 1922.
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![]() Capital: Berlin | Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from September 8, 1926. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Athens
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Guatemala City | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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H[edit] | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Ha'il | Widely-recognized independent state. It was completely conquered by Saudi forces from November 2, 1921 and subsequently incorporated into the Sultanate of Nejd. | |
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![]() Capital: Port-au-Prince | Widely-recognized independent state under United States occupation. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Mecca | Widely-recognized independent state. Annexed by Sultanate of Nejd, creating the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd from January 8, 1926. | |
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![]() Capital: Mecca (Hejaz), Riyadh (Nejd)
| Widely-recognized independent state. Nejd and Hejaz had one protectorate:
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![]() Capital: Tegucigalpa | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Budapest
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from September 18, 1922. | |
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I[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Reykjavík | Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Dublin | Widely-recognized independent state after November 15, 1926. LON member state from September 10, 1923. | |
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![]() Capital: Rome | Widely-recognized independent state under fascism from 31 October 1922. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. Italy had four colonies and three concessions:
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J[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Tokyo | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. Japan had sovereignty over the following dependencies and concessions:
Japan administered one League of Nations mandate: | |
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L[edit] | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Riga
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from September 22, 1921. | |
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![]() Capital: Monrovia | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Vaduz | Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Vilnius | Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from September 22, 1921. | |
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![]() Capital: Luxembourg City | Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from December 16, 1920. | |
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M[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Mexico City | Widely-recognized independent state. Mexico had sovereignty over one territory:
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![]() Capital: Monaco City | Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Temir-Khan-Shura | Widely-recognized independent state. Incorporated into the Russian SFSR as the Mountain ASSR from January 20, 1921. | |
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![]() Capital: Muscat | De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate. | |
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N[edit] | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Riyadh
| Widely-recognized independent state. Nejd annexed Hejaz, creating the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd from January 8, 1926. | |
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![]() Capital: Kathmandu | Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Amsterdam | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies: | |
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![]() Capital: St. John's | Widely-recognized independent state after November 15, 1926. | |
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![]() Capital: Wellington | Widely-recognized independent state after November 15, 1926. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. The following are territories of New Zealand:
New Zealand administered one League of Nations mandate:
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![]() Capital: Managua | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Oslo | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. Norway had sovereignty over two uninhabited possessions:
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O[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Constantinople | Widely-recognized independent state. Ottoman Empire had one protectorate:
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P[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Panama City | Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Asunción | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Tehran
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Lima | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Warsaw | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Lisbon
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. The following are colonies and possession of Portugal:
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R[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Bucharest | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Moscow | Widely-recognized independent state. Became part of the Soviet Union from December 30, 1922. Russia had three protectorates and one concession: | |
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S[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: City of San Marino | Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Belgrade
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Bangkok | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Cape Town, Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Pietermaritzburg | Widely-recognized independent state after November 15, 1926. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. South Africa administered one League of Nations mandate:
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![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Moscow | Widely-recognized independent state. The Soviet Union was a federation of four (later seven) republics.[i] | |
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![]() Capital: Madrid | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. Spain had sovereignty over the following colonies, possessions and protectorate:
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![]() Capital: Stockholm | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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![]() Capital: Bern | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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T[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Lhasa | De facto independent state. Claimed by the Republic of China. | |
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![]() Capital: Tiflis | Widely-recognized independent state. The Transcaucasian SFSR was a federation constituted by the Armenian SSR, the Azerbaijan SSR and the Georgian SSR. Became part of the Soviet Union from December 30, 1922. | |
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![]() Capital: Ankara
| Widely-recognized independent state. | |
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U[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: London
| Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. The following were colonies, concessions, and territories of the United Kingdom:
United Kingdom administered the following League of Nations mandates:
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![]() Capital: Washington, D.C. | Widely-recognized independent state. The following were territories of the United States of America:
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![]() Capital: Montevideo | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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V[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Vatican City | Widely recognized independent state. Vatican City is administered by the Holy See. | |
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![]() Capital: Caracas | Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. | |
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Y[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Sana`a | Widely-recognized independent state. | |
Other entities[edit]Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent: | ||
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![]() Capital: Alash-Qala | Unrecognized state.[8] | |
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![]() Capital: Kurdava | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Tabriz | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Goris | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Pécs | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Lorch | Quasi-state. Unoccupied territory within post-World War I Germany. | |
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![]() Capital: Bukhara
| Soviet state. | |
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![]() Capital: Minsk | Soviet state. Became part of the Soviet Union from December 30, 1922. | |
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![]() Capital: Fiume | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Vilnius | Puppet state of the Second Polish Republic. | |
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![]() Capital: Novocherkassk | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Verkhneudinsk (to October 1920), Chita (from October 1920) | Puppet state/Buffer state of Soviet Russia. | |
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![]() Capital: Ternopil | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Rasht | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Dublin | Unrecognized state. | |
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Karelia
| Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Melnyky, Cherkasy Raion | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Mashhad | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Khiva
| Soviet state. | |
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![]() Capital-in-exile: Shanghai | Partially recognized Korean government-in-exile. | |
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![]() Capital: Yekaterinodar | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Sulaymaniyah | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Labin | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Oberwart | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Florynka | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Prizren | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Niislel Khüree (renamed Ulaanbaatar in 1924)
| Partially recognized socialist republic. Under Soviet intervention from 1921 to 1924. Satellite state of the Soviet Union from November 26, 1924. | |
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![]() Capital: Kirjasalo | Unrecognized state. | |
Raqqa – Independent State of Raqqa (from August 10, 1920 to December 17, 1921) Capital: Raqqa | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Aachen | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Ajdir | Unrecognized state. | |
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Southern Karelia – Olonets Government of Southern Karelia (from May to December 20, 1920) | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Damascus | De facto independent state not recognized by any other state.[9] | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Khem-Beldyr
| Partially recognized socialist republic. Satellite state of the Soviet Union. | |
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![]() Capital: Uhtua | Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Kharkov | Soviet proto-state. Became part of the Soviet Union from December 30, 1922. | |
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Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Abkhazia signed a treaty of alliance with the Georgian SSR, which defined its status as a "treaty republic" (Russian: договорная республика) and established a military, political and financial union between the two Soviet republics, subordinating the Abkhazia to the Georgia.
- ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre. 1 Federal District: Federal District.
- ^ Part of the Syrian Federation from June 28, 1922 to January 1, 1925.
- ^ Renamed Lebanese Republic from May 23, 1926.
- ^ Syrian Federation was a federation constituted by the States of Aleppo (LON mandate from September 1, 1920), Damascus (LON mandate from July 25, 1920) and of the Alawites (LON mandate from September 1, 1920).
- ^ The states of Aleppo and Damascus were united into the State of Syria.
- ^ Part of State of Damascus from July 25, 1920 to May 1, 1921. Renamed Jabal ad-Druze from June 1, 1927.
- ^ Claimed by Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (partially recognized government-in-exile).
- ^ Byelorussian SSR (from December 30, 1922), Russian SFSR (from December 30, 1922), Transcaucasian SFSR (from December 30, 1922), Ukrainian SSR (from December 30, 1922), Uzbek SSR (from December 5, 1924), Turkmen SSR (from May 13, 1925), Tajik SSR (from December 5, 1929).
References
[edit]- ^ Poullada, L. B. "AMĀNALLĀH". Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). United States: Columbia University.
- ^ Muḥammad, Fayz̤; Hazārah, Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib (1999). Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 275. ISBN 9781558761551.
The capture of the Arg on October 13, 1929 marked the end of the Tajik regime
- ^ Muḥammad, Fayz̤; Hazārah, Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib (1999). Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 275. ISBN 9781558761551.
Nadir received word of the victory in Ali Khayl and immediately set out for the capital, arriving in the city on the 15th.
- ^ Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999). Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 236. ISBN 9781558761544.
- ^ (in Russian) Московский договор между Росскией и Турцией, 16 марта 1921 года Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b International Law: Achievements and Prospects, p. 51, at Google Books
- ^ a b Repertory of Decisions of the International Court of Justice (1947–1992), p. 453, at Google Books
- ^ Ubiria, Grigol (16 September 2015). Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia:The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations. Routledge. p. 242. ISBN 9781317504351. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ Tauber, Eliezer (13 September 2013). The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria. Routledge. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-1-135-20118-0.