Minotaur I
![]() Minotaur I with NFIRE at MARS | |
Function | Small expendable launch system |
---|---|
Manufacturer | Northrop Grumman |
Country of origin | United States |
Size | |
Height | 19.21 metres (63.0 ft) |
Diameter | 1.67 metres (5 ft 6 in) |
Mass | 36,200 kilograms (79,800 lb) |
Stages | 4 or 5 |
Capacity | |
Payload to LEO | |
Mass | 580 kilograms (1,280 lb) |
Payload to SSO | |
Mass | 331 kilograms (730 lb) |
Launch history | |
Status | Active |
Launch sites | Vandenberg SLC-8 MARS LP-0B |
Total launches | 13 |
Success(es) | 13 |
First flight | 27 January 2000 |
Last flight | 18 June 2024 |
First stage – M55A1 | |
Powered by | 1 Solid |
Maximum thrust | 935 kilonewtons (210,000 lbf) |
Propellant | Solid |
Second stage – SR19 | |
Powered by | 1 Solid |
Maximum thrust | 268 kilonewtons (60,000 lbf) |
Propellant | Solid |
Third stage – Orion 50XL | |
Powered by | 1 Solid |
Maximum thrust | 118.2 kilonewtons (26,600 lbf) |
Burn time | 74 seconds |
Propellant | Solid |
Fourth stage – Orion 38 | |
Powered by | 1 Solid |
Maximum thrust | 34.8 kilonewtons (7,800 lbf) |
Burn time | 68 seconds |
Propellant | Solid |
The Minotaur I, or just Minotaur is an American expendable launch system derived from the Minuteman II missile.[1] It is used to launch small satellites for the US Government, and is a member of the Minotaur family of rockets produced by Orbital Sciences Corporation (now Northrop Grumman).[2]
Vehicle
[edit]The Minotaur I is the follow-on to the Orbital Sciences' Taurus (later renamed the "Minotaur-C"[3]) launch vehicle, combining the original Taurus's booster stage with a second stage from a Minuteman missile.[4]
Minotaur I rockets consist of the M55A1 first stage and SR19 second stage of a decommissioned Minuteman missile.[1] The Orion 50XL and Orion 38, from the Pegasus rocket, are used as third and fourth stages. A HAPS (Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System) upper stage can also be flown if greater precision is needed, or the rocket needs to be able to manoeuvre to deploy multiple payloads.[5] It can place up to 580 kilograms (1,280 lb) of payload into a 185-kilometer (115 mi) low Earth orbit at 28.5 degrees of inclination.[1]
The Minotaur I is 69 feet tall and 5 feet wide.[6]
Initially Minotaur I launches are conducted from Space Launch Complex 8 at the Vandenberg Air Force Base. Starting with the launch of TacSat-2 in December 2006, launches have also been conducted from Pad 0B at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport on Wallops Island.[5]
Launch history
[edit]There have been thirteen launches of the Minotaur I, all successful.
Flight | Date (UTC) | Payload | Launch pad | Trajectory | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | January 27, 2000 03:03:06 | JAWSat (P98-1) (FalconSat1 / ASUSat1 / OCSE / OPAL) | Vandenberg SLC-8 | LEO | Success[7] |
2 | July 19, 2000 20:09:00 | MightySat II.1 (Sindri, P99-1) / MEMS 2A / MEMS 2B | Vandenberg SLC-8 | LEO | Success[8] |
3 | April 11, 2005 13:35:00 | XSS-11 | ![]() Vandenberg SLC-8 | LEO | Success[9] |
4 | September 23, 2005 02:24:00 | Streak (STP-R1) | ![]() Vandenberg SLC-8 | LEO | Success[10] |
5 | April 15, 2006 01:40:00 | COSMIC (FORMOSAT-3) | Vandenberg SLC-8 | LEO | Success[11] |
6 | December 16, 2006 12:00 | TacSat-2 / GeneSat-1 | ![]() MARS LP-0B | LEO | Success[12] |
7 | April 24, 2007 06:48 | NFIRE | ![]() MARS LP-0B | LEO | Success[13] |
8 | May 19, 2009 23:55 | TacSat-3 | ![]() MARS LP-0B | LEO | Success[14] |
9 | February 6, 2011 12:26 | USA-225 (NROL-66) | ![]() Vandenberg SLC-8 | LEO | Success[15] |
10 | June 30, 2011 03:09 | ORS-1 | ![]() MARS LP-0B | LEO | Success[16] |
11 | November 20, 2013 01:15 | ORS-3,[17] STPSat-3 and 28 CubeSat satellites[18] | ![]() MARS LP-0B | LEO | Success[19] |
12 | June 15, 2021 13:35 | NROL-111 | MARS LP-0B | LEO | Success[20] |
13 | June 18, 2024 07:01 | Mk21A reentry vehicle test | ![]() Vandenberg TP-01 | Suborbital | Success[21] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Minotaur I Space Launch Vehicle—Fact Sheet" (PDF). Orbital Sciences. NASA. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
- ^ "Minotaur Rocket". Northrop Grumman. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (24 February 2014). "Taurus rocket on the market with new name, upgrades". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ "Minotaur I Space Launch Vehicle" (PDF). NASA. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
- ^ a b "Minotaur I User's Guide - Release 3.0" (PDF). Orbital Sciences Corporation. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "NASA - TacSat-2 Mission Information". www.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
- ^ Ray, Justin. "Spaceflight Now - Minotaur Mission Report - Mission Status Center - JAWSAT". Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Ray, Justin. "Spaceflight Now - Minotaur Mission Report - Mission Status Center - Mightysat 2.1". Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Ray, Justin. "Minotaur rocket launches U.S. military spacecraft". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Ray, Justin. "Rocket launch paints sky with breath-taking scene". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Ray, Justin. "Spaceflight Now - Minotaur Mission Report - Mission Status Center - COSMIC". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Clark, Stephen. "Minotaur rocket makes sunrise ascent from Virginia". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Ray, Justin. "Missile research spacecraft soars into orbit from Virginia". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ Clark, Stephen. "Minotaur lofts experimental satellite for U.S. military". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Orbital Successfully Launches Minotaur I Rocket for U.S. Air Force". Orbital Sciences Corporation. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Orbital Successfully Launches Minotaur I Rocket Carrying ORS-1 Satellite for the U.S. Air Force". Orbital Sciences Corporation. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ^ "Media Accreditation Open for ORS-3 Mission from Wallops in November". NASA. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ^ "Orbital's Minotaur I successfully lofts multitude of payloads". NASASpaceFlight.com. 19 November 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ^ "Orbital Successfully Launches Minotaur I Rocket Supporting ORS-3 Mission for the U.S. Air Force". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ^ "Northrop Grumman Successfully Launches Minotaur I Rocket for the National Reconnaissance Office". Northrop Grumman. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
- ^ Hadley, Greg (2024-06-18). "Air Force, Lockheed Test New Reentry Vehicle for Sentinel ICBM". Air & Space Forces Magazine. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- "Fact Sheet" (PDF). Minotaur I. Orbital Sciences Corporation. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- "Minotaur Mission History". Minotaur I. Orbital Sciences Corporation. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- "Minotaur I Users Guide" (PDF). Minotaur I. Orbital Sciences Corporation. Retrieved 2015-09-01.
- Wade, Mark. "Minotaur". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- Krebs, Gunter. "Minotaur-1 (OSP-SLV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- Krebs, Gunter. "Minotaur-1 (OSP-SLV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- Krebs, Gunter. "Minotaur-1 HAPS (OSP-SLV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-04-28.