Photodissociation region

In astrophysics, photodissociation regions (or photon-dominated regions, PDRs) are predominantly neutral regions of the interstellar medium in which far ultraviolet photons strongly influence the gas chemistry and act as the most important source of heat.^[1] They occur in any region of interstellar gas that is dense and cold enough to remain neutral, but that has too low a column density to prevent the penetration of far-UV photons from distant, massive stars. A typical and well-studied example is the gas at the boundary of a giant molecular cloud.^[1] PDRs are also associated with HII regions, reflection nebulae, active galactic nuclei, and Planetary nebulae.^[2] All the atomic gas and most of the molecular gas in the galaxy is found in PDRs.^[3]

The closest PDRs to the Sun are IC 59 and IC 63, near the bright Be star Gamma Cassiopeiae.^[4]

History

The study of photodissociation regions began from early observations of the star-forming regions Orion A and M17 which showed neutral areas bright in infrared radiation lying outside ionised HII regions.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Hollenbach, D.J.; Tielens, A.G.G.M. (1999). "Photodissociation regions in the interstellar medium of galaxies". Reviews of Modern Physics. 71 (1): 173–230. Bibcode:1999RvMP...71..173H. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.71.173.
^ Tielens, A.G.G.M. (1993). "Photodissociation Regions and Planetary Nebulae". Symposium - International Astronomical Union. 155: 155–162. Bibcode:1993IAUS..155..155T. doi:10.1017/S0074180900170330.
^ ^a ^b Hollenbach, D. J.; Tielens, A. G. G. M. (1997). "Dense photodissociation regions". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 35: 179–215. Bibcode:1997ARA&A..35..179H. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.179.
^ Eiermann, Jacob M.; et al. (April 2024). "The 3D geometry of reflection nebulae IC 59 and IC 63 with their illuminating star gamma Cas". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529 (2): 1680–1687. arXiv:2401.06941. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.529.1680E. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae102.

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[ht99-1] Hollenbach, D.J.; Tielens, A.G.G.M. (1999). "Photodissociation regions in the interstellar medium of galaxies". Reviews of Modern Physics. 71 (1): 173–230. Bibcode:1999RvMP...71..173H. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.71.173.

[2] Tielens, A.G.G.M. (1993). "Photodissociation Regions and Planetary Nebulae". Symposium - International Astronomical Union. 155: 155–162. Bibcode:1993IAUS..155..155T. doi:10.1017/S0074180900170330.

[review-3] Hollenbach, D. J.; Tielens, A. G. G. M. (1997). "Dense photodissociation regions". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 35: 179–215. Bibcode:1997ARA&A..35..179H. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.179.

[Eiermann_et_al_2024-4] Eiermann, Jacob M.; et al. (April 2024). "The 3D geometry of reflection nebulae IC 59 and IC 63 with their illuminating star gamma Cas". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529 (2): 1680–1687. arXiv:2401.06941. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.529.1680E. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae102.

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