Pakistan at the 2022 Commonwealth Games

Pakistan at the
2022 Commonwealth Games
CGF codePAK
CGANational Olympic Committee of Pakistan
Websitenocpakistan.org
in Birmingham, England
28 July 2022 (2022-07-28) – 8 August 2022 (2022-08-08)
Competitors67 (42 men and 25 women) in 12 sports
Flag bearers (opening)Muhammad Inam
Bismah Maroof
Flag bearer (closing)Zaman Anwar
Medals
Ranked 18th
Gold
2
Silver
3
Bronze
2
Total
7
Commonwealth Games appearances (overview)

Pakistan competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games at Birmingham, England from 28 July to 8 August 2022. It was Pakistan's 14th appearance at the Commonwealth Games.[1]

Muhammad Inam and Bismah Maroof were the country's flagbearers at the 2022 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony.[2][3]

Arshad Nadeem won Pakistan's first ever gold medal in Javelin Throw at the Commonwealth Games and the first Athletics gold medal since 1962.[4] Pakistan won a total of seven medals, including two golds, three silvers and two bronze medals, which was its best medal haul at the Commonwealth Games since 1970.[5] Overall Pakistan finished at 18 on the medal table out of 72 participating nations.

Administration

[edit]

Syed Mohammad Abid Qadri was the Chef de Mission for the Pakistani team in Birmingham.[6]

Competitors

[edit]

The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.[7]

Sport Men Women Total
Athletics 3 2 5
Badminton 2 2 4
Boxing 3[a] 1 4
Cricket 15 15
Hockey 18 0 18
Gymnastics 1 0 1
Judo 2 0 2
Squash 2 2 4
Swimming 1 3 4
Table tennis 1 0 1
Weightlifting 3 0 3
Wrestling 6 0 6
Total 42 25 67
Notes
  1. ^ One boxer failed to make the draw and thus no longer counted.

Medallists

[edit]
Medals by date
Day Date Total
Day 1 29 Jul 0 0 0 0
Day 2 30 Jul 0 0 0 0
Day 3 31 Jul 0 0 0 0
Day 4 1 Aug 0 0 0 0
Day 5 2 Aug 0 0 0 0
Day 6 3 Aug 1 0 1 2
Day 7 4 Aug 0 0 0 0
Day 8 5 Aug 0 2 1 3
Day 9 6 Aug 0 1 0 1
Day 10 7 Aug 1 0 0 1
Day 11 8 Aug 0 0 0 0
Total 2 3 2 7
Medals by gender
Gender 1st place, gold medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Total
Male 2 3 2 7
Female 0 0 0 0
Mixed 0 0 0 0
Total 2 3 2 7
Medals by sport
Sport 1st place, gold medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Total
Athletics 1 0 0 1
Weightlifting 1 0 0 1
Wrestling 0 3 1 4
Judo 0 0 1 1
Total 2 3 2 7
Medal Name Sport Event Date
 Gold Nooh Dastgir Butt Weightlifting Men's +109kg 3 August
 Gold Arshad Nadeem Athletics Javelin throw 7 August
 Silver Muhammad Inam Wrestling Men's -86kg 5 August
 Silver Zaman Anwar Wrestling Men's -125kg 5 August
 Silver Sharif Tahir Wrestling Men's -74kg 6 August
 Bronze Shah Hussain Shah Judo Men's -90kg 3 August
 Bronze Inayat Ullah Wrestling Men's -65kg 5 August

Athletics

[edit]

A squad of five athletes was officially confirmed as of 19 July 2022.[8][9]

Men
Track and road events
Athlete Event Heat Semifinal Final
Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank
Shajar Abbas 100 m 10.38 4 Did not advance
200 m 21.12 1 Q 20.89 8 q 21.16 8
Field events
Athlete Event Final
Distance Rank
Jamshad Ali Shot put 15.72 11
Arshad Nadeem Javelin throw 90.18 1st place, gold medalist(s)
Women
Track and road events
Athlete Event Heat Semifinal Final
Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank
Aneela Gulzar 100 m 14.01 8 Did not advance
Field events
Athlete Event Final
Distance Rank
Anila Baig Discus throw F44/64 20.69 10

Badminton

[edit]

Pakistan received a Bipartite Invitation for the mixed team competition. A squad of four players was selected shortly after the selection trials on 12 May 2022.[10]

Athlete Event Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinal Semifinal Final / BM
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank
Murad Ali Men's singles  Tamakloe (GHA)
W (21–9, 21–8)
 Teh (SGP)
L (14–21, 16–21)
Did not advance
Muhammad Irfan Saeed Bhatti  Mulenga (ZAM)
W (21–6, 21–19)
 Ng (MAS)
L (10–21, 9–21)
Did not advance
Mahoor Shahzad Women's singles  P Ramdhani (GUY)
W (21–10, 21–8)
 Kashyap (IND)
L (20–22, 1–8 ret.)
Did not advance
Ghazala Siddique  Chater (FLK)
W (21–4, 21–3)
 Richardson (JAM)
L (15–21, 14–21)
Did not advance
Murad Ali
Muhammad Irfan Saeed Bhatti
Men's doubles  Elliott &
Summers (RSA)
W (21–19, 21–17)
 Rankireddy &
Shetty (IND)
L (8–21, 7–21)
Did not advance
Mahoor Shahzad
Ghazala Siddique
Women's doubles  Chen &
Somerville (AUS)
L (10–21, 13–21)
Did not advance
Mixed team
Summary
Team Event Group stage Quarterfinal Semifinal Final / BM
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank
 Pakistan Mixed team  India
L 0–5
 Australia
L 2–3
 Sri Lanka
L 1–4
4 Did not advance
Squad
Group stage
Pos Team Pld W L MF MA MD GF GA GD PF PA PD Pts Qualification
1  India 3 3 0 14 1 +13 28 2 +26 620 329 +291 3 Knockout stage
2  Sri Lanka 3 2 1 7 8 −1 14 16 −2 489 520 −31 2
3  Australia 3 1 2 6 9 −3 12 18 −6 514 546 −32 1
4  Pakistan 3 0 3 3 12 −9 6 24 −18 382 610 −228 0
Source: BWF

Boxing

[edit]

A squad of five boxers was officially confirmed as of 19 July 2022.[8]

Athlete Event Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Zohaib Rasheed Men's Flyweight Failed to enter draw due to mistake by a technical delegate
Ilyas Hussain Men's Featherweight Lesotho M. Mokhotho

W RSC

Trinidad and Tobago A. Joseph

W 3–2

Northern Ireland J. Gallagher

L 0–5

Did not advance
Suleman Baloch Men's Light welterweight India S.Thapa
L 0–5
Did not advance
Nazeer Ullah Khan Men's Heavyweight England L. Williams
L 0–5
Did not advance
Mehreen Baloch Women's Featherweight Sri Lanka S. Muthuthanthri

L 0–5

Did not advance

Cricket

[edit]

By virtue of its position in the ICC Women's T20I rankings (as of 1 April 2021), Pakistan qualified for the tournament.[14][15]

Fixtures were announced in November 2021.[16]

Roster

Fifteen players were selected on 31 May 2022.[17][18]

Summary
Team Event Group stage Semifinal Final / BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Pakistan women Women's tournament  Barbados
L 15 Runs
 India
L 8 Wickets
 Australia
L 44 Runs
4 Did not advance
Group play
Pos Team Pld W L NR Pts NRR
1  Australia 3 3 0 0 6 2.832
2  India 3 2 1 0 4 2.511
3  Barbados 3 1 2 0 2 −2.953
4  Pakistan 3 0 3 0 0 −1.768
Source: ESPNcricinfo
29 July 2022
18:00 (D/N)
Scorecard
Barbados 
144/4 (20 overs)
v
 Pakistan
129/6 (20 overs)
Kycia Knight 62* (56)
Fatima Sana 2/41 (4 overs)
Nida Dar 50* (31)
Hayley Matthews 1/13 (4 overs)
Barbados won by 15 runs
Edgbaston, Birmingham
Umpires: Kim Cotton (NZ) and Shivani Mishra (Qat)
Player of the match: Hayley Matthews (Bar)
  • Pakistan won the toss and elected to field.
  • Shanika Bruce, Trishan Holder, Alisa Scantlebury and Aaliyah Williams (Bar) all made their WT20I debuts.[a]

31 July 2022
11:00
Scorecard
Pakistan 
99 (18 overs)
v
 India
102/2 (11.4 overs)
Muneeba Ali 32 (30)
Sneh Rana 2/15 (4 overs)
Smriti Mandhana 63* (42)
Tuba Hassan 1/18 (2 overs)
India won by 8 wickets
Edgbaston, Birmingham
Umpires: Lauren Agenbag (SA) and Kim Cotton (NZ)
Player of the match: Smriti Mandhana (Ind)
  • Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
  • The match was reduced to 18 overs per side due to rain.

3 August 2022
11:00
Scorecard
Australia 
160/2 (20 overs)
v
 Pakistan
116/8 (20 overs)
Tahlia McGrath 78* (51)
Sadia Iqbal 1/28 (4 overs)
Fatima Sana 35* (26)
Tahlia McGrath 3/13 (3 overs)
Australia won by 44 runs
Edgbaston, Birmingham
Umpires: Lauren Agenbag (SA) and Sue Redfern (Eng)
Player of the match: Tahlia McGrath (Aus)
  • Australia won the toss and elected to bat.

Gymnastics

[edit]

One gymnast was officially selected as of 19 July 2022.[8]

Artistic

[edit]
Men
Individual Qualification
Athlete Event Apparatus Total Rank
F PH R V PB HB
Mohammad Afzal Qualification 8.400 4.250 10.550

Hockey

[edit]

By virtue of its position in the FIH Men's World Ranking (as of 1 February 2022), Pakistan qualified for the men's tournament.[19][20]

Detailed fixtures were released on 9 March 2022.[21] Eighteen players were selected for the men's squad as of 13 July 2022.[22]

Men's tournament

[edit]
Summary

Key:

Team Event Preliminary round Semifinal Final / BM / PM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Pakistan men Men's tournament  South Africa
D 2-2
 New Zealand
L 1–4
 Scotland
W 3–2
 Australia
L 0-7
4 Did not advance  Canada
W 4–3
7
Roster
Group play
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Australia 4 4 0 0 29 2 +27 12 Semi-finals
2  South Africa 4 2 1 1 11 12 −1 7
3  New Zealand 4 1 1 2 14 17 −3 4 Fifth place match
4  Pakistan 4 1 1 2 6 15 −9 4 Seventh place match
5  Scotland 4 0 1 3 11 25 −14 1 Ninth place match
Source: Birmingham 2022
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) number of wins; 3) goal difference; 4) goals scored; 5) head-to-head results.


30 July 2022
09:00
South Africa  2–2  Pakistan
Beauchamp field hockey ball 14'
Guise-Brown field hockey ball 54'
Report R. Ali field hockey ball 25'
Hakeem field hockey ball 60'
Umpires:
Nick Bennett (ENG)
Bruce Bale (ENG)

31 July 2022
09:00
New Zealand  4–1  Pakistan
Inglis field hockey ball 17'18'
Thomas field hockey ball 43'
Lane field hockey ball 60'
Report G. Ali field hockey ball 26'
Umpires:
Dan Barstow (ENG)
Tyler Klenk (CAN)

3 August 2022
19:00
Pakistan  3–2  Scotland
Hakeem field hockey ball 22'
Shahid field hockey ball 23'
Khan field hockey ball 55'
Report C. Golden field hockey ball 9'
Walker field hockey ball 38'
Umpires:
Tyler Klenk (CAN)
Sean Rapaport (RSA)

4 August 2022
21:00
Australia  7–0  Pakistan
Govers field hockey ball 12'
Hayward field hockey ball 19'40'
Wickham field hockey ball 42'48'
Anderson field hockey ball 53'
Ephramus field hockey ball 59'
Report
Umpires:
Peter Kabaso (KEN)
David Tomlinson (NZL)
Seventh place match
6 August 2022
11:15
Pakistan  4–3  Canada
Rana field hockey ball 24'
Ali field hockey ball 25'
Umar Bhutta field hockey ball 52'
Shahid field hockey ball 60'
Report Sarmento field hockey ball 26'58'
Pereira field hockey ball 30'
Umpires:
Fraser Bell (SCO)
Tim Bond (NZL)

Judo

[edit]

Two judoka were selected for the competition.[23]

Men
Athlete Event Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Repechage Final/BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Shah Hussain Shah -90 kg  Harrison Cassar (AUS)
L
Did not advance  Thomas-Laszlo Breytenbach (RSA)
W
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Qaisar Khan -100 kg  Jason Koster (NZL)
L
Did not advance

Squash

[edit]

A squad of four players was officially confirmed as of 19 July 2022.[8]

Singles
Athlete Event Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank
Tayyab Aslam Men's singles Bye  Iqbal (PAK)
L 0-1 ret
Did not advance
Nasir Iqbal  Morrison (JAM)
W 3–0
 Aslam (PAK)
W 1-0 ret
 Willstrop (ENG)
L 0–3
Did not advance
Amna Fayyaz Women's singles Bye  Arnold (MAS)
L 0–3
Did not advance
Faiza Zafar Bye  Yiwen (MAS)
L 0–3
Did not advance
Doubles
Athlete Event Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank
Tayyab Aslam
Nasir Iqbal
Men's doubles  Ghana
W 2–0
 Scotland
L 1–2
Did not advance
Faiza Zafar
Amna Fayyaz
Women's doubles Bye  Malaysia
L 0–2
Did not advance
Tayyab Aslam
Amna Fayyaz
Mixed doubles  Barbados
L 0–2
Did not advance
Nasir Iqbal
Faiza Zafar
 Sri Lanka
W 2–0
 New Zealand
L 0–2
Did not advance

Swimming

[edit]

A squad of four swimmers was officially confirmed as of 19 July 2022.[8]

Men
Athlete Event Heat Semifinal Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
Haseeb Tariq 50 m freestyle 24.65 43 Did not advance
50 m backstroke 27.89 31
50 m butterfly 25.97 35
Women
Athlete Event Heat Semifinal Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
Bisma Khan 50 m freestyle 27.82 38 Did not advance
100 m freestyle 1:02.59 47
50 m butterfly 29.43 33
100 m butterfly 1:08.21 31
Jehanara Nabi 100 m freestyle 1:01.51 40
200 m freestyle 2:13.38 22 Did not advance
400 m freestyle 4:36.87 17
Mishael Ayub 50 m breaststroke 37.96 31 Did not advance
100 m breaststroke 1:22.12 26
50 m butterfly 31.44 46

Table tennis

[edit]

Four players were initially selected on 16 March 2022;[24] it was later confirmed on 13 May 2022 that only one player (Fahad Khawaja) would go to the Games.[25]

Athletes Event Group stage Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinal Semifinal Final / BM
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank
Fahad Khawaja Men's singles Guyana C. Franklin

W 4–0

Bangladesh M. Ridoy W 4–1 Trinidad and Tobago D. Douglas W 4–0 1 England P. Drinkhall

L 0–4

Did not advance

Weightlifting

[edit]

The PWF was set to send six qualified weightlifters to Birmingham but a doping scandal means that only three are provisionally set to attend the Games.[26]

Men
Athlete Event Snatch Clean & jerk Total Rank
Result Rank Result Rank
Haider Ali 81 kg 135 7 170 5 305 5
Hanzala Dastgir Butt 109 kg 142 9 173 9 315 9
Nooh Dastgir Butt +109 kg 173 GR 1 232 GR 1 405 GR 1st place, gold medalist(s)

Wrestling

[edit]

Following the trials, five male wrestlers were selected on 2 April 2022,[27] with a sixth added to the squad at a later date.[28]

Key:

  • VT - Victory by Fall.
  • PP - Decision by Points - the loser with technical points.
  • PO - Decision by Points - the loser without technical points.
Athlete Event Round of 16 Quarterfinal Semifinal Repechage Final / BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Ali Asad Men's -57 kg England H. Ridings

W 10-0 (VSU)

Namibia R. Goliath

W 10-0 (VSU)

India K. Ravi

L 4-14 (VSU1)

New Zealand S. Singh

W 11-0 (VSU)

DSQ
Inayat Ullah Men's -65 kg Malta A. Vella

W 10-0 (VSU)

Nigeria A. Daniel

W 4-0 (VPO)

Canada L. McNeil

L 0-11 (VSU)

Scotland R. Connelly

W10-0 (VSU)

3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Sharif Tahir Men's -74 kg Tonga J. Vake

W11-0 (VSU)

Canada J. Phulka

W5-1 (VPO1)

New Zealand C. Hawkins

W11-0 (VSU)

India N. Naveen

L0-9 (VPO)

2nd place, silver medalist(s)
Muhammad Inam Men's -86 kg Scotland K. Malone

W 11-0 (VSU)

Australia J. Lawerence

W 8-3 (VPO)

South Africa E. Lessing

W 5-3 (VPO)

India D. Punia

L 0-3 (VPO)

2nd place, silver medalist(s)
Tayab Raza Men's -97 kg The Bahamas R. Mackey

W10-0 (VSU)

Scotland C. Nicol

W10-0 (VSU)

Canada N. Randhawa

L0-7 (VPO)

India D. Nehra

L2-10 (VPO1)

4
Zaman Anwar Men's -125 kg Bye Mauritius K. Marie

W 12-0 (VFA)

England M. Kooner

W 5-0 (VFA)

Canada A. Dhesi

L 2-9 (VFA)

2nd place, silver medalist(s)

Doping

[edit]

Disqualified medal

[edit]

Ali Asad was stripped of his medal due to testing positive for performance enhancement drugs.[29]

Medal Name Sport Event Date
 Bronze Ali Asad Wrestling Men's -57 kg August 6, 2022

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Aaliyah Alleyne, Shamilia Connell, Deandra Dottin, Kycia Knight, Kyshona Knight, Hayley Matthews and Shakera Selman – all capped in WT20Is for the West Indies – also made their WT20I debuts for Barbados.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Queen's Baton of 2022 Commonwealth Games arrives in Pakistan". Daily Pakistan. 28 December 2021. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  2. ^ Safi, Alam Zeb (10 July 2022). "Inam to depart ahead of schedule for CWG". The News International. Karachi, Pakistan. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  3. ^ "Inam, Bismah to be Pakistan's flag-bearers in Commonwealth Games 2022". www.a-sports.tv. A Sports. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Pakistan celebrates Arshad Nadeem's Gold in Commonwealth Games 2022". Geo Super. 8 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  5. ^ "Pakistan's best performance in the last 52 years". NewsPipa. 8 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  6. ^ "List of the Participants of Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games" (PDF). nocpakistan.org.
  7. ^ "Pakistan contingent for Commonwealth Games finalised". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e "Commonwealth Games, Islamic Games contingents named". The News International. Jang Media Group. 19 July 2022. Archived from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  9. ^ Jan, Imad Ali (4 June 2022). "Pakistan Olympic Association Prepares List for 2022 Commonwealth Games".
  10. ^ "Pakistan badminton squad finalized for Commonwealth Video games". Empowertitans. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  11. ^ "Group A – India vs. Pakistan" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  12. ^ "Group A – Australia vs. Pakistan" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  13. ^ "Group A – Sri Lanka vs. Pakistan" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  14. ^ "Cricket first sport to announce qualifiers for Commonwealth Games". ICC. 26 April 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  15. ^ "2022 Commonwealth Games | India, Australia and Pakistan among eight countries to compete in women's T20". The Hindu. THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. 26 April 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  16. ^ "India to face Australia in opening cricket match of Commonwealth Games 2022". Women's CricZone. 12 November 2021. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  17. ^ "Women squad for Commonwealth Games announced". PCB. 31 May 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  18. ^ "Pakistan announce women's squad for Commonwealth Games". DT Next. ANI. 31 May 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  19. ^ "Lineup confirmed for Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games". FIH. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  20. ^ Gilmour, Rod (2 March 2022). "Hockey nations confirmed for 2022 Commonwealth Games". The Hockey Paper. 1touch Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  21. ^ "India to begin CWG campaign against lesser-known Ghana". The Shillong Times. Press Trust of India. 9 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  22. ^ "Pakistan announce squad for Commonwealth Games". Geo Super. Jang Media Group. 13 July 2022. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  23. ^ "Pakistan contingent for Commonwealth Games finalised". www.thenews.com.pk.
  24. ^ "PTTF name players for Commonwealth Games". The News International. Jang Media Group. 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  25. ^ "Fahad Khwaja to participate in CWG". The News International. Jang Media Group. 13 May 2022. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  26. ^ "Weightlifters to train in Islamabad for mega events". The News International. Jang Media Group. 19 June 2022. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  27. ^ Zeb Safi, Alam (3 April 2022). "Pakistan wrestling contingent for CWG finalised". The News International. Jang Media Group. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  28. ^ Zeb Safi, Alam (11 May 2022). "Federations to submit final squads with POA by 24th". The News International. Jang Media Group. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  29. ^ "Ali Asad to return CWG bronze after positive dope test". Express Tribune. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
[edit]