1977 Spanish general election

1977 Spanish general election
← 1971 15 June 1977 1979 →
All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 207 (of 248) seats in the Senate
176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
Opinion polls
Registered23,583,762
Turnout18,590,130 (78.8%)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Adolfo Suárez Felipe González Santiago Carrillo
Party UCD PSOE PCE
Leader since 3 May 1977 13 October 1974 3 July 1960
Leader's seat Madrid Madrid Madrid
Seats won 165 118 20
Popular vote 6,310,391 5,371,866 1,709,890
Percentage 34.4% 29.3% 9.3%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Manuel Fraga Jordi Pujol Xabier Arzalluz
Party AP PDC EAJ/PNV
Leader since 9 October 1976 17 November 1974 1977
Leader's seat Madrid Barcelona Guipúzcoa
Seats won 16 11 8
Popular vote 1,526,671 514,647 296,193
Percentage 8.3% 2.8% 1.6%
Map of Spain showcasing seat distribution by Congress of Deputies constituency
Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by constituency
Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by autonomous community
Prime Minister before election

Adolfo Suárez
UCD

Prime Minister after election

Adolfo Suárez
UCD

The 1977 Spanish general election was held on Wednesday, 15 June 1977, to elect the Spanish Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as all 207 seats in the Senate.

It was the first free election held in Spain since 1936, prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. It was called by Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez as part of the political reform of the Francoist regime, ongoing since shortly after Francisco Franco's death in 1975 and promoted by his successor, King Juan Carlos I. Its aim was to elect a Constituent Cortes that was to draft a new constitution, which would ultimately lead to the repealing of the Fundamental Laws of the Realm and the culmination of the country's transition to democracy.

The Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), the electoral coalition created to serve as Suárez's political platform in government, emerged as the largest party overall, albeit 11 seats short of an absolute majority. The election surprise was the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) of Felipe González, which—supported by the German SPD and running a campaign intended to highlight González's youth and charisma—won 118 seats and became the main left-of-centre party by a wide margin. The Communist Party of Spain (PCE), which had been the main opposition force to the dictatorship, and the right-wing People's Alliance (AP) of former Francoist minister Manuel Fraga, performed below expectations. Turnout was high at 78.8%, the second highest for any nationwide election held ever since.[1][2]

Overview

[edit]

Electoral system

[edit]

Under the 1977 Political Reform Act, the Spanish Cortes were envisaged as a provisional legislature that was to approve a new constitution in a short timespan. Initiative for constitutional amendment belonged to the Congress of Deputies, as well as to the national government. Constitutional bills required to be passed by an absolute majority in both the Congress and Senate. If the Senate rejected the bill as passed by Congress, discrepancies were to be submitted to a mixed commission and, if the deadlock persisted, a joint sitting of both chambers would convene as a single legislative body in order to resolve on the issue by an absolute majority.[3] Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their civil and political rights.[4][5]

For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain. Each constituency was entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 fixed among the constituencies in proportion to their populations, at a rate of approximately one seat per each 144,500 inhabitants or fraction greater than 70,000. Ceuta and Melilla were allocated the two remaining seats, which were elected using plurality voting.[6][7] The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[8]

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:[9][10]

Seats Constituencies
33 Barcelona
32 Madrid
15 Valencia
12 Seville
10 Biscay, Oviedo
9 Alicante, La Coruña
8 Cádiz, Málaga, Murcia, Pontevedra, Zaragoza
7 Badajoz, Córdoba, Granada, Guipúzcoa, Jaén, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
6 Balearics, Las Palmas, León
5 Almería, Cáceres, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Gerona, Huelva, Lugo, Navarre, Orense, Santander, Tarragona, Toledo, Valladolid
4 Álava, Albacete, Burgos, Cuenca, Lérida, Logroño, Salamanca, Zamora
3 Ávila, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Teruel

For the Senate, 207 seats were elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger—Majorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera–El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, the King could appoint senators in a number not higher than one-fifth of the elected seats.[6][11] The law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature.[12]

Background

[edit]
Main article: Spanish transition to democracy

The death of Francisco Franco in 1975 paved the way for Spain's transition from an autocratic, one-party dictatorship into a democratic, constitutional monarchy. As per the Succession Law of 1947, the Spanish monarchy was restored under the figure of Juan Carlos I, who quickly became the promoter of a peaceful democratic reform of state institutions. This move was supported by western countries, an important sector of Spanish and international capitalism, a majority of the opposition to Francoism—organized into the Democratic Convergence Platform and the Democratic Junta, which in 1976 would both merge into the Democratic Coordination—and a growing part of the Franco regime itself, weary of popular mobilization after the outcome of the Carnation Revolution in neighbouring Portugal in 1974.[13] However, as incumbent Prime Minister Carlos Arias Navarro rejected any major transformation of the Spanish political system, rather supporting the preservation of Francoist laws, he was dismissed by the King in July 1976, who appointed Adolfo Suárez for the post.

Suárez's plans for political reform involved the transformation of Spanish institutions in accordance to the Francoist legal system through the approval of a "political reform bill" as a Fundamental Law of the Realm. This was meant as a step beyond Arias Navarro's plans to update—but preserve—the Francoist regime, with Suárez intending to implement democracy "from law to law through law"—in the words of Torcuato Fernández-Miranda—without the outright liquidation of the Francoist system as called for by opposition parties.[14][15] Thus, on 18 November 1976, the 1977 Political Reform Act was passed by the Francoist Cortes, later ratified in a referendum on 15 December 1976 with overwhelming popular support. As set out in Suárez's scheme, the Act called for an electoral process to elect new Cortes that were to be responsible for drafting a democratic constitution.

Parties and candidates

[edit]

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within fifteen days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one permille—and, in any case, 500 signatures—of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[16]

Below is a list of the main parties and coalitions which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances 		Leading candidate Ideology Gov. Ref.
UCD
List
 Adolfo Suárez Centrism checkY
PSOE
List
 Felipe González Social democracy
Democratic socialism
Marxism 		☒N
PCE
List
 Santiago Carrillo Eurocommunism ☒N
AP
List
 Manuel Fraga Conservatism
National conservatism 		☒N
PSP–US
List
 Enrique Tierno Galván Democratic socialism
Marxism
Federalism 		☒N
PDC
List
 Jordi Pujol Catalan nationalism
Liberalism
Social liberalism 		☒N
EDCEE
List
 Joaquín Ruiz-Giménez Christian democracy
Federalism 		☒N
EAJ/PNV
List
 Xabier Arzalluz Basque nationalism
Christian democracy
Conservative liberalism 		☒N
EC–FED
List
 Heribert Barrera Left-wing nationalism
Socialism 		☒N
ASDCI
List
 José Prat Democratic socialism
Social democracy 		☒N
FDI
List
 Lorenzo Benassar Communism
Socialism 		☒N
AN18
List
 Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta Francoism
Neofascism
National catholicism 		☒N
EE
List
 Francisco Letamendia Basque nationalism
Socialism 		☒N
CAIC
List
 Hipólito Gómez de las Roces Regionalism
Conservatism 		☒N

Opinion polls

[edit]
Main article: Opinion polling for the 1977 Spanish general election

Results

[edit]

Congress of Deputies

[edit]
For results by autonomous community/constituency, see Results breakdown of the 1977 Spanish general election (Congress).
Summary of 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results →
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 6,310,391 34.44 n/a 165 n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 5,371,866 29.32 n/a 118 n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1,709,890 9.33 n/a 20 n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 1,526,671 8.33 n/a 16 n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 1,504,771 8.21 n/a 16 n/a
Navarrese Foral Alliance (AFN) 21,900 0.12 n/a 0 n/a
People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 828,461 4.52 n/a 6 n/a
People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 816,582 4.46 n/a 6 n/a
Centre-Left of Albacete (CIA) 11,879 0.06 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Pact for Catalonia (PDC) 514,647 2.81 n/a 11 n/a
Christian Democratic Team of the Spanish State (EDCEE) 417,678 2.28 n/a 2 n/a
Federation of Christian Democracy (FPD–ID) 215,841 1.18 n/a 0 n/a
Union of the Centre and Christian Democracy of Catalonia (UCiDCC) 172,791 0.94 n/a 2 n/a
Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) 26,100 0.14 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Union of the Balearic Islands (UDIB) 2,946 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 296,193 1.62 n/a 8 n/a
Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front (EC–FED) 143,954 0.79 n/a 1 n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (PSOEh–PSDE) 126,944 0.69 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 101,916 0.56 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh) 21,242 0.12 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Democratic Socialist Party (PSDE) 3,786 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI) 122,608 0.67 n/a 0 n/a
National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 97,894 0.53 n/a 0 n/a
National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 67,336 0.37 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 25,017 0.14 n/a 0 n/a
New Force (FN) 5,541 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Country Left–Navarrese Left Union (EE–UNAI) 85,906 0.47 n/a 1 n/a
Basque Country Left (EE) 61,417 0.34 n/a 1 n/a
Navarrese Left Union (UNAI) 24,489 0.13 n/a 0 n/a
Workers' Electoral Group (AET) 77,575 0.42 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Social Reform (RSE) 64,241 0.35 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 46,548 0.25 n/a 0 n/a
Front for Workers' Unity (FUT) 41,208 0.22 n/a 0 n/a
Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy (CAIC) 37,183 0.20 n/a 1 n/a
Basque Socialist Party (ESB/PSV) 36,002 0.20 n/a 0 n/a
Communist Movement (MC)1 34,588 0.19 n/a 0 n/a
Popular Unity for Socialism Candidacy (CUPS) 12,040 0.07 n/a 0 n/a
Regionalist Unity (UR) 10,821 0.06 n/a 0 n/a
Popular Unity Candidates (CUP) 5,206 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Aragonese Autonomist Front (FAA) 4,791 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Regionalist Left Unitary Candidacy (CUIR) 1,504 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Left Andalusian Bloc (BAI) 226 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV) 31,138 0.17 n/a 0 n/a
Centre Independent Candidacy (CIC) 29,834 0.16 n/a 1 n/a
Galician Socialist Party (PSG) 27,197 0.15 n/a 0 n/a
Galician National-Popular Bloc (BNPG) 22,771 0.12 n/a 0 n/a
Andalusian Regional Unity (URA) 21,350 0.12 n/a 0 n/a
League of Catalonia–Catalan Liberal Party (LC–PLC) 20,109 0.11 n/a 0 n/a
National Association for the Study of Current Problems (ANEPA–CP) 18,113 0.10 n/a 0 n/a
Navarrese Autonomist Union (PNV–ANV–ESB) 18,079 0.10 n/a 0 n/a
United Canarian People (PCU) 17,717 0.10 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Independent Democrats (DIV) 15,505 0.08 n/a 0 n/a
Balearic Autonomist Union (UAB) 11,914 0.07 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Navarrese Front (FNI) 10,606 0.06 n/a 0 n/a
Canarian People's Party (PPCan) 9,650 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Social Christian Democracy of Catalonia (DSCC) 9,157 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Socialist Movement (MS) 8,741 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Montejurra–Federalism–Self-Management (MFA) 8,461 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Agrarian Social Action (ASA) 8,439 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
José Antonio Circles (CJA) 8,184 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Candidacy (INDEP) 6,472 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) 6,435 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Congress Independent Candidacy for Girona (CICPG) 6,411 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 6,158 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Aragonese Christian Democracy (DCAR) 6,014 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Riojan Independent Candidacy (CIR) 5,682 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Socialist Party of Canaries (PSCan) 5,110 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Party of Madrid (PIM) 4,814 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Proverist Party (PPr) 4,590 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 4,530 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
United Canarian Left (ICU) 4,118 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Galician Democratic Party (PDG) 3,196 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Candidacy (INDEP) 2,737 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Labour Federation (FL) 2,631 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 2,622 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Riojan Independent Group (GIR) 2,399 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 2,347 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Valencia Socialist Radical Party (PRSV) 2,345 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Carlist Electors of the Valencian Country (ECPV) 2,252 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Candidacy (INDEP) 1,684 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
City and Country Independent Electoral Group (AEICC) 1,623 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Small Business Independent Candidates (CIPYE) 1,480 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Association of Ceuta Electors (ADEC) 1,099 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Group of Carlist Electors (ADC) 938 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 855 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Agrarian Party (PAE) 833 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Liberal Party (PLI) 805 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 492 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Left Andalusian Candidacy (CAI) 0 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Blank ballots 46,248 0.25 n/a
Total 18,324,333 350 n/a
Valid votes 18,324,333 98.57 n/a
Invalid votes 265,797 1.43 n/a
Votes cast / turnout 18,590,130 78.83 n/a
Abstentions 4,993,632 21.17 n/a
Registered voters 23,583,762
Sources[17][18]
Footnotes:
  • 1 The Communist Movement did not contest the election under its label, but ran scattered across different candidacies instead.
Popular vote
UCD
 
 34.44%
PSOE
 
 29.32%
PCE
 
 9.33%
AP
 
 8.33%
PSP–US
 
 4.52%
PDC
 
 2.81%
EDCEE
 
 2.28%
EAJ/PNV
 
 1.62%
EC–FED
 
 0.79%
EE–UNAI
 
 0.47%
CAIC
 
 0.20%
CIC
 
 0.16%
Others
 
 5.48%
Blank ballots
 
 0.25%
Seats
UCD
 
 47.14%
PSOE
 
 33.71%
PCE
 
 5.71%
AP
 
 4.57%
PDC
 
 3.14%
EAJ/PNV
 
 2.29%
PSP–US
 
 1.71%
EDCEE
 
 0.57%
EC–FED
 
 0.29%
EE–UNAI
 
 0.29%
CAIC
 
 0.29%
CIC
 
 0.29%

Senate

[edit]
Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results →
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 15,215,167 29.38 n/a 106 n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 5,714,036 11.04 n/a 35 n/a
Democratic Senate (SD) 5,444,924 10.52 n/a 16 n/a
Senators for Democracy (SpD) 2,819,791 5.45 n/a 3 n/a
Democratic Senate (SD) 1,716,936 3.32 n/a 9 n/a
Group of Electors for a Democratic Senate (AESD) 441,638 0.85 n/a 1 n/a
Independents for a Democratic Senate (ISD) 339,396 0.66 n/a 2 n/a
Democratic Union for the Senate (UDS) 127,163 0.25 n/a 1 n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 4,749,232 9.17 n/a 2 n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 4,688,480 9.05 n/a 2 n/a
Navarrese Foral Alliance (AFN) 60,752 0.12 n/a 0 n/a
Agreement of the Catalans (Entesa) 4,701,586 9.08 n/a 12 n/a
People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 2,616,458 5.05 n/a 2 n/a
Autonomous Front (FA) 1,711,591 3.31 n/a 10 n/a
Independent Progressives and Socialists (PSI) 1,594,509 3.08 n/a 8 n/a
Independent Progressives and Socialists (PSI) 1,059,831 2.05 n/a 5 n/a
Democratic Forces for Santander (FDS) 231,382 0.45 n/a 1 n/a
Independent Democratic Group of Almeria Electors (AEDIA) 170,338 0.33 n/a 1 n/a
Democratic Riojan Association (ARD) 132,958 0.26 n/a 1 n/a
Democracy and Catalonia (DiC) 1,322,341 2.55 n/a 2 n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1,014,272 1.96 n/a 0 n/a
Christian Democratic Team of the Spanish State (EDCEE) 811,519 1.57 n/a 0 n/a
Federation of Christian Democracy (FPD–ID) 649,293 1.25 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) 147,880 0.29 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Union of the Balearic Islands (UDIB) 14,346 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 743,789 1.44 n/a 0 n/a
National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 682,088 1.32 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 47,465 0.09 n/a 0 n/a
New Force (FN) 14,236 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (PSOEh–PSDE) 609,633 1.18 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 456,291 0.88 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh) 127,887 0.25 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Democratic Socialist Party (PSDE) 25,455 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Galician Democratic Candidacy (CDG) 602,260 1.16 n/a 3 n/a
Xirinacs Electoral Group (AE Xirinacs) 550,678 1.06 n/a 1 n/a
Aragonese Candidacy of Democratic Unity (CAUD) 538,538 1.04 n/a 3 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 355,479 0.69 n/a 0 n/a
Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy (CAIC) 311,429 0.60 n/a 1 n/a
Spanish Social Reform (RSE) 254,805 0.49 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Country Left–Navarrese Left Union (EE–UNAI) 225,324 0.44 n/a 1 n/a
Basque Country Left (EE) 124,204 0.24 n/a 1 n/a
Navarrese Left Union (UNAI) 101,120 0.20 n/a 0 n/a
Workers' Electoral Group (AET) 215,968 0.42 n/a 0 n/a
Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV) 189,440 0.37 n/a 0 n/a
Galician National-Popular Bloc (BNPG) 167,385 0.32 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI) 129,855 0.25 n/a 0 n/a
Aragonese Christian Democracy (DCAR) 125,353 0.24 n/a 0 n/a
League of Catalonia–Catalan Liberal Party (LC–PLC) 118,454 0.23 n/a 0 n/a
Socialist Movement (MS) 103,373 0.20 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Group of Albacete (ADA) 78,510 0.15 n/a 0 n/a
Andalusian Regional Unity (URA) 77,593 0.15 n/a 0 n/a
Independents of Soria (IDS) 75,080 0.15 n/a 4 n/a
Centre Independent Candidacy (CIC) 74,202 0.14 n/a 0 n/a
José Antonio Circles (CJA) 69,625 0.13 n/a 0 n/a
National Association for the Study of Current Problems (ANEPA–CP) 69,578 0.13 n/a 0 n/a
Liberal Alliance (AL) 68,463 0.13 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Socialist Party (ESB/PSV) 66,757 0.13 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Party of Madrid (PIM) 64,546 0.12 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Navarrese Front (FNI) 51,296 0.10 n/a 0 n/a
Regionalist Unity (UR) 50,698 0.10 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 50,275 0.10 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 47,206 0.09 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Ecologist Party (PEE) 41,901 0.08 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 41,731 0.08 n/a 0 n/a
Montejurra–Federalism–Self-Management (MFA) 36,219 0.07 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 32,919 0.06 n/a 0 n/a
Navarre People's Group (APN) 32,861 0.06 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) 31,534 0.06 n/a 0 n/a
Group of Electors (AE) 30,119 0.06 n/a 0 n/a
Galician Democratic Party (PDG) 28,073 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Labour Federation (FL) 26,680 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 26,516 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 24,935 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Canarian Independent Democracy (DIC) 24,864 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Basque Independent Democrats (DIV) 23,735 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 23,509 0.05 n/a 0 n/a
Traditionalist Communion (CT) 21,641 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Lleidan Union (UL) 21,199 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Group of Electors (AE) 21,042 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Canarian People's Party (PPCan) 21,022 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 21,009 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 19,701 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 18,966 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Regionalist Socialist Party (PSR) 18,812 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
United Canarian People (PCU) 18,427 0.04 n/a 0 n/a
Social Democratic Andalusian Party (PASD) 17,500 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Riojan Independent Candidacy (CIR) 16,540 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 16,130 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Balearic Autonomist Union (UAB) 14,402 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Electoral Group of Countryside and Town (AEICYU) 13,973 0.03 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 12,343 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 11,815 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Group of Electors (AE) 10,696 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 9,141 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Democratic Candidacy (CDI) 9,104 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Liberal Party (PLI) 8,425 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 8,152 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Agrarian Party (PAE) 7,879 0.02 n/a 0 n/a
Confederation of Conservative Parties (CPC) 7,093 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Autonomist Bloc (BA) 6,540 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 5,742 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Group of Electors (AE) 4,530 0.01 n/a 0 n/a
Majorera Assembly (AM) 3,182 0.01 n/a 1 n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 2,473 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Autonomous Movement (MAP) 1,880 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 1,725 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Menorca Island and Regional Problems (MPIA) 1,354 0.00 n/a 0 n/a
Blank ballots[a] n/a
Total 51,779,261 207 n/a
Valid votes n/a
Invalid votes n/a
Votes cast / turnout n/a
Abstentions n/a
Registered voters 23,583,762
Sources[17][18][19][20][21]
Popular vote
UCD
 
 29.38%
PSOE
 
 11.04%
SD
 
 10.52%
AP
 
 9.17%
Entesa
 
 9.08%
PSP–US
 
 5.05%
FA
 
 3.31%
PSI
 
 3.08%
DiC
 
 2.55%
PCE
 
 1.96%
EDCEE
 
 1.57%
AN18
 
 1.44%
ASDCI
 
 1.18%
CDG
 
 1.16%
AE Xirinacs
 
 1.06%
CAUD
 
 1.04%
CAIC
 
 0.60%
EE–UNAI
 
 0.44%
IDS
 
 0.15%
AM
 
 0.01%
Others
 
 6.23%
Blank ballots
 
 0.00%
Seats
UCD
 
 51.21%
PSOE
 
 16.91%
SD
 
 7.73%
Entesa
 
 5.80%
FA
 
 4.83%
PSI
 
 3.86%
IDS
 
 1.93%
CDG
 
 1.45%
CAUD
 
 1.45%
AP
 
 0.97%
PSP–US
 
 0.97%
DiC
 
 0.97%
AE Xirinacs
 
 0.48%
CAIC
 
 0.48%
EE–UNAI
 
 0.48%
AM
 
 0.48%

Notes

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  1. ^ The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.

References

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  1. ^ "15-J. Elecciones en libertad y sin ira". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 15 June 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  2. ^ Julve, Rafa (15 June 2017). "Curiosidades de las primeras elecciones tras la dictadura franquista en el 40º aniversario". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  3. ^ Law 1/1977 (1977), art. 3.
  4. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. I, art. 2.
  5. ^ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
  6. ^ a b Law 1/1977 (1977), art. 2.
  7. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. II, ch. II, art. 19–20.
  8. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  9. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. II, ch. II, art. 19.
  10. ^ "Real Decreto 679/1977, de 15 de abril, por el que se convocan elecciones generales a las Cortes Españolas" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (92): 8345. 18 April 1977. ISSN 0212-033X.
  11. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. II, ch. II, art. 19 & 21.
  12. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. III, art. 29.
  13. ^ Landaluce, Emilia; Manso, Joaquín (20 November 2016). "Así se gestó la ley que puso fin al franquismo hace 40 años". El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  14. ^ López Burniol, Juan-José (11 February 2017). "De la ley a la ley". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  15. ^ Fernández-Miranda, Juan (9 June 2017). "Fernández-Miranda: de la ley a la ley". ABC (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  16. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.
  17. ^ a b "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  18. ^ a b "Elecciones Generales 15 de junio de 1977". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  19. ^ "Elecciones al Senado 1977". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  20. ^ "Composición del Senado 1977-2024". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  21. ^ "Elecciones al Senado 15 de junio de 1977". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.

Bibliography

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